焊后热处理对20G钢焊接接头残余应力的影响
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摘要
采用X射线应力分析仪和电子背散射衍射仪(EBSD)等分别研究了热处理前后20G钢焊接接头的表面残余应力和微区残余应力。结果表明:热处理前后焊接接头的表面残余应力均以焊缝为中心呈对称分布,且随距焊缝中心距离的增大而下降,热处理后的平均残余应力比热处理前的降低了7.21%;热处理后焊接接头焊缝区、热影响区和母材区的晶粒发生再结晶转变,晶粒得到细化;再结晶导致局域取向错配角的平均值减小,微观残余应力得到释放,且分布更为均匀,但焊缝区的微观残余应力依然较高。
Surface residual stresses and micro-residual stresses in 20G steel welded joint before and after heattreatment were studied by X-ray stress analyzer and electron backscattered diffractometer(EBSD),respectively.The results show that the surface residual stresses distributed symmetrically along the weld center and decreased with increasing distance from the weld center.The average residual stress of the joint after heat-treatment was lower by 7.21% than that before heat-treatment.After heat-treatment,the recrystallization of the grains occurred in the weld zone,heated affected zone and base metal of the welded joint,resulting in the refinement of the grains.The kernel average misorientation values decreased,and the micro-residual stresses were released and distributed evenly due to the recrystallization.However,the micro-residual stresses in the weld zone were still relatively high.
Surface residual stresses and micro-residual stresses in 20G steel welded joint before and after heattreatment were studied by X-ray stress analyzer and electron backscattered diffractometer(EBSD),respectively.The results show that the surface residual stresses distributed symmetrically along the weld center and decreased with increasing distance from the weld center.The average residual stress of the joint after heat-treatment was lower by 7.21% than that before heat-treatment.After heat-treatment,the recrystallization of the grains occurred in the weld zone,heated affected zone and base metal of the welded joint,resulting in the refinement of the grains.The kernel average misorientation values decreased,and the micro-residual stresses were released and distributed evenly due to the recrystallization.However,the micro-residual stresses in the weld zone were still relatively high.
引文
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[19]赵庆龙,GODFREY A.EBSD取向成像图在表征热轧Al-Li合金显微组织中的应用[J].中国体视学与图像分析,2010(1):37-42.
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[2]OLABI A G,HASHMI M S J.The microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon steel welded components after the application of PWHTs[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1996,56:88-97.
[3]童星,顾伟生,朱世根,等.304不锈钢薄壁焊管表面残余拉应力的测定及消除[J].机械工程材料,2012,36(2):80-82.
[4]潘春旭,王海波.焊后热处理对F12钢焊接组织和性能的影响[J].机械工程材料,1997,21(3):21-23.
[5]马小明,黄永敏.石脑油管线承插焊接管断裂失效的原因[J].机械工程材料,2013,37(6):106-108.
[6]YU X,CARON J L,BABU S S,et al.Strength recovery in a high-strength steel during multiple weld thermal simulations[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2011,42(12):3669-3679.
[7]胡永会,吴运新,陈磊,等.X射线法测量淬火铝合金厚板表面残余应力[J].中国材料进展,2011,30(2):51-55.
[8]柳铭,宋瑞宏,孔德军.用X射线应力仪测量凸轮轴表面激光淬火相变层的残余应力[J].机械工程材料,2007,31(7):28-31.
[9]税正伟.焊后热处理对L245NCS微合金钢焊接残余应力的影响[J].金属热处理,2012,37(7):35-37.
[10]迟露鑫,陈重毅,麻永林,等.焊后热处理对特厚板20MnNiMo焊接残余应力的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2012,33(4):96-99.
[11]QUESTED P N,HENDERSON P J,MCLEAN M.Observations of deformation and fracture heterogeneities in a nickel base super alloy using electron back scatter diffraction[J].Acta Metallurgical,1988,36(10):2743-2752.
[12]WILKINSON A J,DINGLEY D J.The distribution of plastic deformation in a metal matrix composite caused by straining transverse to the fiber direction[J].Acta Metallurgical,1992,40(12):3557-3368.
[13]MING H L,ZHANG Z M,XIU P Y,et al.Microstructure,residual strain and stress corrosion cracking behavior in 316L heat-affected zone[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters),2016,29(9):848-858.
[14]OTHON M A,MORRA M M.EBSD characterization of residual plastic strain across alloy 182 weld joints[J].Microscopy and Microanalysis,2005,11(S02):522-523.
[15]HOU J,SHOJI T,LU Z P,et al.Residual strain measurement and grain boundary characterization in the heataffected zone of a weld joint between Alloy 690TT and Alloy52[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2010,397(1):109-115.
[16]RAO G B,WANG J Q,HAN E H,et al.Study of residual stress accumulation in TiNi shape memory alloy during fatigue using EBSD technique[J].Materials Letters,2006,60(6):779-782.
[17]CULLITY B D.Elements of X-ray diffraction[J].American Journal of Physics,1957,25(6):394-395.
[18]黄亚敏,潘春旭.基于电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术的材料微区应力应变状态研究综述[J].电子显微学报,2010,29(1):662-670.
[19]赵庆龙,GODFREY A.EBSD取向成像图在表征热轧Al-Li合金显微组织中的应用[J].中国体视学与图像分析,2010(1):37-42.
[20]王会珍,杨平,毛卫民.板条状马氏体形貌和惯习面的3D EBSD分析[J].材料工程,2013,4(1):74-80.
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