Al-4Zr合金中初生Al_3Zr相生长机制的研究
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摘要
以Al-4Zr中间合金为原料,通过熔炼得到不同冷却速率的合金试样。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和能谱分析(EDS)确定了初生Al_3Zr相的微观结构,通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察了初生Al_3Zr相的数量、尺寸和二维形貌,使用强碱腐蚀并通过SEM观察到了初生Al_3Zr相的三维形貌,进而研究分析了冷却速率对Al-4Zr合金中的初生Al_3Zr相的影响以及不同冷却速率下初生Al_3Zr相的生长机制。结果表明:随着冷却速率的加快,初生Al_3Zr相的二维形貌由粗大的板条状向细针状转变,数量增加,尺寸减小。由于Al_3Zr相的{001}面为光滑界面,生长速率缓慢,冷却速率低时呈粗大板条状的Al_3Zr粒子三维形貌为厚板状,生长机制为二维晶核生长;冷却速率快时呈细针状的Al_3Zr粒子的三维形貌为薄片流星镖状,生长机制为小平面枝晶生长。
Al-4%Zr alloy was melted and cooled at different rates to get the samples. To study the effect of cooling rates on morphology and growth mechanism of primary Al_3Zr phase, X-ray diffraction(XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) were used to characterize the microstructure of the samples. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was taken to observe number, size and morphology of the phase. The results showed that with the increase of the cooling rate, the two-dimensional morphology of the primary Al_3Zr phase was transformed from coarse plate shape to fine needle shape, and its size decreased and amount increased. Because {001} plane of Al_3Zr was smooth and its growth rate was low, the three-dimensional morphology of Al_3Zr showed thick plate shape and the growth mechanism was two-dimensional at low cooling rate. However, when the cooling rate became high, the three-dimensional phase changed to thin throwing-star shape and the growth mechanism turned to faceted dendritic growth.
Al-4%Zr alloy was melted and cooled at different rates to get the samples. To study the effect of cooling rates on morphology and growth mechanism of primary Al_3Zr phase, X-ray diffraction(XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) were used to characterize the microstructure of the samples. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was taken to observe number, size and morphology of the phase. The results showed that with the increase of the cooling rate, the two-dimensional morphology of the primary Al_3Zr phase was transformed from coarse plate shape to fine needle shape, and its size decreased and amount increased. Because {001} plane of Al_3Zr was smooth and its growth rate was low, the three-dimensional morphology of Al_3Zr showed thick plate shape and the growth mechanism was two-dimensional at low cooling rate. However, when the cooling rate became high, the three-dimensional phase changed to thin throwing-star shape and the growth mechanism turned to faceted dendritic growth.
引文
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[9] Brodova I G, Bashlykov D V, Manukhin A B, Stolyarov V V, Soshikova E P. Formation of nanostructure in rapidly solidified Al-Zr alloy by severe plastic deformation [J]. Scripta Materialia, 2001, 44(8): 1761.
[10] Desch P B, Schwarz R B, Nash P. Formation of metastable L12 phase in Al3Zr and Al-12.5%X-25%Zr (X=Li, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu)[J]. Journal of the Less Common Metals, 1991, 168: 69.
[11] Li F, Zhu Q F, Wang W J, Zhao Z H, Cui J Z. Three-dimensional morphology of primary Al3Zr phase in Al-5Zr master alloy and its dependence on pouring temperature [J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2016, 45(9): 2398.(李飞, 朱庆丰, 王文静, 赵志浩, 崔建忠. Al-5Zr中间合金初生Al3Zr相三维形貌及其对浇注温度的依赖性 [J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2016, 45(9): 2398.)
[12] Zhen S, Davies G J. Observations of the growth morphology of the intermetallic compound Al3Zr [J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 1983, 64: 407.
[13] Chernov A A. Stability of faceted shapes [J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 1974, 24-25: 11.
[14] Wang F, Eskin D, Connolley T, Mi J W. Influence of ultrasonic treatment on formation of primary Al3Zr in Al-0.4Zr alloy [J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2017, 27: 977.
[15] Li H T, Wang Y, Fan Z. Mechanisms of enhanced heterogeneous nucleation during solidification in binary Al-Mg alloys [J]. Acta Materialia, 2012, 60: 1528.
[16] Hyde K B, Norman A F, Prangnell P B. The effect of cooling rate on the morphology of primary Al3Sc intermetallic particles in Al-Sc alloys [J]. ActaMaterialia, 2001, 49: 1327.
[2] Cui C P, Zhang G S, Wei S Z, Xu L J. Effect of Zr on microstructure and properties of TZM alloys [J]. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, 2012, 36(5): 711.(崔超鹏, 张国赏, 魏世忠, 徐流杰. Zr元素对TZM合金组织和性能的影响 [J]. 稀有金属, 2012, 36(5): 711.)
[3] Zhang J C, Ding D Y, Zhang W L, Kang S H, Xu X L, Gao Y J, Chen G Z, Chen W G, You X H. Effect of Zr addition on microstructure and properties of Al-Mn-Si-Zn-based alloy [J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2014, 24: 3872.
[4] Yu A W, Gu D, Su G Y, Yang C G, Qi H Y. Recrystallization of aluminum alloy with Ti, Zr composite microalloying [J]. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, 2016, 40(12): 1200.(余爱武, 顾丹, 宿国友, 杨成刚, 齐海雁. Ti, Zr复合微合金化对铝合金再结晶的影响 [J]. 稀有金属, 2016, 40(12): 1200.)
[5] Fischer E, Colinet C. An updated thermodynamic modeling of the Al-Zr system [J]. Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion, 2015, 36(5): 404.
[6] Seyed E S H, Emamy M, Pourkia N. The microstructure, hardness and tensile properties of a new super high strength aluminum alloy with Zr addition [J]. Materials & Design, 2010, 31(9): 4450.
[7] Zhang Y X. Effect of structures heredities of Al-Ti and Al-Zr master alloys on casting structures of aluminum alloys [J]. Light Alloy Fabrication Technology, 1998, 26(11): 11.(张映新. Al-Ti和Al-Zr中间合金组织遗传性对铝合金铸造组织的影响 [J]. 轻合金加工技术, 1998, 26(11): 11.)
[8] Li L, Zhang Y D, Esling C, Jiang H X, Zhao Z H, Zuo Y B, Cui J Z. Crystallographic features of the primary Al3Zr phase in as-cast Al-1.36wt% Zr alloy [J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2011, 316: 172.
[9] Brodova I G, Bashlykov D V, Manukhin A B, Stolyarov V V, Soshikova E P. Formation of nanostructure in rapidly solidified Al-Zr alloy by severe plastic deformation [J]. Scripta Materialia, 2001, 44(8): 1761.
[10] Desch P B, Schwarz R B, Nash P. Formation of metastable L12 phase in Al3Zr and Al-12.5%X-25%Zr (X=Li, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu)[J]. Journal of the Less Common Metals, 1991, 168: 69.
[11] Li F, Zhu Q F, Wang W J, Zhao Z H, Cui J Z. Three-dimensional morphology of primary Al3Zr phase in Al-5Zr master alloy and its dependence on pouring temperature [J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2016, 45(9): 2398.(李飞, 朱庆丰, 王文静, 赵志浩, 崔建忠. Al-5Zr中间合金初生Al3Zr相三维形貌及其对浇注温度的依赖性 [J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2016, 45(9): 2398.)
[12] Zhen S, Davies G J. Observations of the growth morphology of the intermetallic compound Al3Zr [J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 1983, 64: 407.
[13] Chernov A A. Stability of faceted shapes [J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 1974, 24-25: 11.
[14] Wang F, Eskin D, Connolley T, Mi J W. Influence of ultrasonic treatment on formation of primary Al3Zr in Al-0.4Zr alloy [J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2017, 27: 977.
[15] Li H T, Wang Y, Fan Z. Mechanisms of enhanced heterogeneous nucleation during solidification in binary Al-Mg alloys [J]. Acta Materialia, 2012, 60: 1528.
[16] Hyde K B, Norman A F, Prangnell P B. The effect of cooling rate on the morphology of primary Al3Sc intermetallic particles in Al-Sc alloys [J]. ActaMaterialia, 2001, 49: 1327.