视听翻译、多媒体翻译与多模态翻译:辨析与思考
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摘要
本研究辨析了视听翻译、多媒体翻译与多模态翻译三个概念,认为:视听翻译是针对视听文化产品的翻译,强调视听文本在翻译中的多符号、多维信息的转换;多媒体翻译是依托于多媒体技术的翻译,侧重多媒体文本翻译中所使用的多媒体电子系统及渠道;多模态翻译是多模态话语的翻译,重点在于翻译中语言模态及非语言模态信息的相互转换。三者之间既互相区别又彼此联系,视听翻译兼有多模态及多媒体属性。
This paper explores audiovisual translation, multimedia translation and multimodal translation. The author holds that audiovisual translation means the translation of audiovisual cultural products in nature with an emphasis on the transfer of multi-semiotic and multidimensional information. Multimedia translation is multimedia technology-based translation which highlights the multimedia electronic system and channel in translating multimedial texts; whereas multimodal translation means the translation of multimodal discourse concerning the transfer of verbal and non-verbal modal information in the translation of multimodal discourse. The three conceptions are different from as well as interrelated with each other, besides, audiovisual translation is both multimodal and multimedial.
This paper explores audiovisual translation, multimedia translation and multimodal translation. The author holds that audiovisual translation means the translation of audiovisual cultural products in nature with an emphasis on the transfer of multi-semiotic and multidimensional information. Multimedia translation is multimedia technology-based translation which highlights the multimedia electronic system and channel in translating multimedial texts; whereas multimodal translation means the translation of multimodal discourse concerning the transfer of verbal and non-verbal modal information in the translation of multimodal discourse. The three conceptions are different from as well as interrelated with each other, besides, audiovisual translation is both multimodal and multimedial.
引文
Baker,Mona and Gabriela Saldanha,eds.Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies.2nd Edition.London:Routledge,2009.
Baldry,Anthony,and Paul J.Thibault.Multimodal Transcription and Text Analysis:A Multimedia Toolkit and Coursebook.London/Oakville:Equinox,2006.
Bassnett,Susan.Translation Studies.London:Methuen,1991.
代树兰:话语、话语分析与多模态话语分析的界定与发展。《西安外国语大学学报》3(2013):26-30。[Dai, Shulan.“The definition and development of discourse, discourse analysis and multimodal discourse analysis.” Journal of Xi’ an International Studies University 3(2013):26-30.]
Delabastita, Dirk.“Translation and mass-communication:Film and TV Translation as evidence of cultural dynamics.” Babel 4(1989):193-218.
Díaz Cintas,Jorge.“Introduction-Audiovisual translation:An overview of its potential.” New Trends in Audiovisual Translation. Ed. Jorge Díaz-Cintas. Bristol, Buffalo, Toronto:Multilingual Matters Limited.2009. 1-20.
董海雅:西方语境下的影视翻译研究概览。《上海翻译》1(2007):12-17。[Dong,Haiya.“A review on audiovisual translation studies in western context.”Shanghai Journal of Translation 1(2007):12-17.]
——:蓬勃发展的视听翻译研究及教学——Jorge Díaz-Cintas访谈。《上海翻译》4(2012):53-57。[---.“An interview with Jorge Díaz Cintas on audiovisual translation studies.”Shanghai Journal of Translation 4(2012):53-57.]
董璐:《传播学核心理论与概念》。北京:北京大学出版社,2008。[Dong, Lu. Key Theories and Concepts in Communication. Beijing:Beijing University Press, 2008.]
Gambier, Yves, and Henrik Gottlieb, eds.(Multi)Media Translation. Amsterdam:John Benjamins, 2001.
Gambier, Yves.“Screen transadaptation:Perception and reception.” The Translator 2(2003):171-189.
---.“The position of audiovisual translation studies.” The Routledge Handbook of Translation Studies. Eds.Carmen Millán and Francesca Bartrina.London and New York:Routledge Tylor&FrancisGroup.2013. 45-59.
顾曰国:多媒体、多模态学习剖析。《外语电化教学》2(2007):3-12。[Gu, Yueguo.“On multimedia learning and multimodal learning.” Computer-Assisted Foreign Language Education 2(2007):3-12.]
韩晗:早期视听文化:中国现代文化产业的重要起源。《武汉大学学报(人文科学版)》5(2017):111-117。[Han, Han.“Early audiovisual culture:the important origin of Chinese modern cultural industries.” Wuhan University Journal(Arts&Humanity)5(2017):111-117.]
Harris, Zelling.“Discourse analysis.” Language 28(1952):1-30.
Jakobson, Roman.“On linguistic aspects of translation.” On Translation. Ed. Reuben. A. Brower. Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press. 1959. 232-239.
Jewitt, Carey.“Multimodality and new communication technologies.” Multimodal Discourse Analysis. Ed.O’Halloran, Kay. London and New York:Continuum. 2004. 184-195.
Kress, Gunther, and Theo van Leeuwen. Multimodal Discourse. London:Edward Arnold, 2001.
---. Reading Images:The Grammar of Visual Images. London:Routledge, 1996.
LeVine,Philip,and Ron Scolloneds.Discourse and Technology:Multimodal Discourse Analysis.Washington, D. C.:Georgetown University Press, 2004.
李春媚:四大媒体特征论。《湖南大众传媒职业技术学院学报》1(2004):15-18。[Li, Chunmei.“On the features of the four media forms.” Journal of Hunan Mass Media Vocational Technical College 1(2014):15-18.]
刘大燕:析AVT名称演变:从电影翻译到多媒体翻译。《上海翻译》4(2010):61-65。[Liu, Dayan.“The Name of AVT—AVT studies from film translation to multimedia translation.” Shanghai Journal of Translation 4(2010):61-65.]
Munday, Jeremy. Introducing Translation Studies. 3rd Edition. London and New York:Routledge, 2012.
Negroponte, Nicholas.“Multimedia.” Feb 8, 2018.
Norris, Sigrid.“Multiparty interaction:a multimodal perspective on relevance.”Discourse Studies 3(2006):401-421.
Orero, Pilar.“Audiovisual translation:A new dynamic umbrella.” Topics in Audiovisual Translation. Ed. Pilar Orero. Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins. 2004:vii-xiii.
庞井君:当代人类文化发展的视听转型。《天津社会科学》5(2013):36-43。[Pang, Jingjun.“The audiovisual transition of contemporary people’s cultural development.” Tianjin Social Sciences 5(2013):36-43.]
彭典贵:影视翻译中情色禁忌语的归化策略。《上海翻译》3(2013):66-68。[Peng, Diangui.“On domestication strategy of sexual language in audiovisual translation.” Shanghai Journal of Translation 3(2013):66-68.]
Snell-Hornby, Mary. The Turns of Translation Studies:New Paradigms or Shifting Viewpoints? Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006.
---. Translation Studies:An Integrated Approach. Amsterdam and Philadelphia:John Benjamins, 1995.
Taylor, Christopher.“The multimodal approach in audiovisual translation.” Target 2(2016):222-36.
王海:《传媒翻译概论》。广州:暨南大学出版社,2011。[Wang, Hai. An Introduction to Translation for the Media. Guangzhou:Jinan University Press, 2011.]
肖维青:论影视翻译课程的技术路径。《中国翻译》5(2012):44-47。[Xiao, Weiqing.“On the technological method of audiovisual translation course.” Chinese Translators Journal 5(2012):44-47.]
谢天振:现行翻译定义已落后于时代的发展——对重新定位和定义翻译的几点反思。《中国翻译》3(2015):14-15。[Xie,Tianzhen.“The current definition of translation has been out dated—some reflections on the repositioning and redefinition of translation.” Chinese Translators Journal 3(2015):14-15.]
辛志英:话语分析的新发展——多模态话语分析。《社会科学辑刊》5(2008):208-211。[Xin, Zhiying.“The new development of discourse analysis—multimodal discourse analysis.” Social Science Journal 5(2008):208-211.]
许勉君:中国多模态翻译研究述评。《广东外语外贸大学学报》2(2017):40-46。[Xu, Mianjun.“A review of multimodal translation studies in China.” Journal of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies 2(2017):40-46.]
朱永生:多模态话语分析的理论基础与研究方法。《外语学刊》5(2007):82-86。[Zhu, Yongsheng.“On theoretical basis and research methods of multimodal discourse analysis.” Foreign Language Research 5(2007):82-86.]
Baldry,Anthony,and Paul J.Thibault.Multimodal Transcription and Text Analysis:A Multimedia Toolkit and Coursebook.London/Oakville:Equinox,2006.
Bassnett,Susan.Translation Studies.London:Methuen,1991.
代树兰:话语、话语分析与多模态话语分析的界定与发展。《西安外国语大学学报》3(2013):26-30。[Dai, Shulan.“The definition and development of discourse, discourse analysis and multimodal discourse analysis.” Journal of Xi’ an International Studies University 3(2013):26-30.]
Delabastita, Dirk.“Translation and mass-communication:Film and TV Translation as evidence of cultural dynamics.” Babel 4(1989):193-218.
Díaz Cintas,Jorge.“Introduction-Audiovisual translation:An overview of its potential.” New Trends in Audiovisual Translation. Ed. Jorge Díaz-Cintas. Bristol, Buffalo, Toronto:Multilingual Matters Limited.2009. 1-20.
董海雅:西方语境下的影视翻译研究概览。《上海翻译》1(2007):12-17。[Dong,Haiya.“A review on audiovisual translation studies in western context.”Shanghai Journal of Translation 1(2007):12-17.]
——:蓬勃发展的视听翻译研究及教学——Jorge Díaz-Cintas访谈。《上海翻译》4(2012):53-57。[---.“An interview with Jorge Díaz Cintas on audiovisual translation studies.”Shanghai Journal of Translation 4(2012):53-57.]
董璐:《传播学核心理论与概念》。北京:北京大学出版社,2008。[Dong, Lu. Key Theories and Concepts in Communication. Beijing:Beijing University Press, 2008.]
Gambier, Yves, and Henrik Gottlieb, eds.(Multi)Media Translation. Amsterdam:John Benjamins, 2001.
Gambier, Yves.“Screen transadaptation:Perception and reception.” The Translator 2(2003):171-189.
---.“The position of audiovisual translation studies.” The Routledge Handbook of Translation Studies. Eds.Carmen Millán and Francesca Bartrina.London and New York:Routledge Tylor&FrancisGroup.2013. 45-59.
顾曰国:多媒体、多模态学习剖析。《外语电化教学》2(2007):3-12。[Gu, Yueguo.“On multimedia learning and multimodal learning.” Computer-Assisted Foreign Language Education 2(2007):3-12.]
韩晗:早期视听文化:中国现代文化产业的重要起源。《武汉大学学报(人文科学版)》5(2017):111-117。[Han, Han.“Early audiovisual culture:the important origin of Chinese modern cultural industries.” Wuhan University Journal(Arts&Humanity)5(2017):111-117.]
Harris, Zelling.“Discourse analysis.” Language 28(1952):1-30.
Jakobson, Roman.“On linguistic aspects of translation.” On Translation. Ed. Reuben. A. Brower. Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press. 1959. 232-239.
Jewitt, Carey.“Multimodality and new communication technologies.” Multimodal Discourse Analysis. Ed.O’Halloran, Kay. London and New York:Continuum. 2004. 184-195.
Kress, Gunther, and Theo van Leeuwen. Multimodal Discourse. London:Edward Arnold, 2001.
---. Reading Images:The Grammar of Visual Images. London:Routledge, 1996.
LeVine,Philip,and Ron Scolloneds.Discourse and Technology:Multimodal Discourse Analysis.Washington, D. C.:Georgetown University Press, 2004.
李春媚:四大媒体特征论。《湖南大众传媒职业技术学院学报》1(2004):15-18。[Li, Chunmei.“On the features of the four media forms.” Journal of Hunan Mass Media Vocational Technical College 1(2014):15-18.]
刘大燕:析AVT名称演变:从电影翻译到多媒体翻译。《上海翻译》4(2010):61-65。[Liu, Dayan.“The Name of AVT—AVT studies from film translation to multimedia translation.” Shanghai Journal of Translation 4(2010):61-65.]
Munday, Jeremy. Introducing Translation Studies. 3rd Edition. London and New York:Routledge, 2012.
Negroponte, Nicholas.“Multimedia.” Feb 8, 2018
Norris, Sigrid.“Multiparty interaction:a multimodal perspective on relevance.”Discourse Studies 3(2006):401-421.
Orero, Pilar.“Audiovisual translation:A new dynamic umbrella.” Topics in Audiovisual Translation. Ed. Pilar Orero. Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins. 2004:vii-xiii.
庞井君:当代人类文化发展的视听转型。《天津社会科学》5(2013):36-43。[Pang, Jingjun.“The audiovisual transition of contemporary people’s cultural development.” Tianjin Social Sciences 5(2013):36-43.]
彭典贵:影视翻译中情色禁忌语的归化策略。《上海翻译》3(2013):66-68。[Peng, Diangui.“On domestication strategy of sexual language in audiovisual translation.” Shanghai Journal of Translation 3(2013):66-68.]
Snell-Hornby, Mary. The Turns of Translation Studies:New Paradigms or Shifting Viewpoints? Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006.
---. Translation Studies:An Integrated Approach. Amsterdam and Philadelphia:John Benjamins, 1995.
Taylor, Christopher.“The multimodal approach in audiovisual translation.” Target 2(2016):222-36.
王海:《传媒翻译概论》。广州:暨南大学出版社,2011。[Wang, Hai. An Introduction to Translation for the Media. Guangzhou:Jinan University Press, 2011.]
肖维青:论影视翻译课程的技术路径。《中国翻译》5(2012):44-47。[Xiao, Weiqing.“On the technological method of audiovisual translation course.” Chinese Translators Journal 5(2012):44-47.]
谢天振:现行翻译定义已落后于时代的发展——对重新定位和定义翻译的几点反思。《中国翻译》3(2015):14-15。[Xie,Tianzhen.“The current definition of translation has been out dated—some reflections on the repositioning and redefinition of translation.” Chinese Translators Journal 3(2015):14-15.]
辛志英:话语分析的新发展——多模态话语分析。《社会科学辑刊》5(2008):208-211。[Xin, Zhiying.“The new development of discourse analysis—multimodal discourse analysis.” Social Science Journal 5(2008):208-211.]
许勉君:中国多模态翻译研究述评。《广东外语外贸大学学报》2(2017):40-46。[Xu, Mianjun.“A review of multimodal translation studies in China.” Journal of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies 2(2017):40-46.]
朱永生:多模态话语分析的理论基础与研究方法。《外语学刊》5(2007):82-86。[Zhu, Yongsheng.“On theoretical basis and research methods of multimodal discourse analysis.” Foreign Language Research 5(2007):82-86.]