植物精油对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标及养分表观消率的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加植物精油对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标以及养分表观消化率的影响。选取48头体况良好、体重相近的28日龄断奶大白仔猪,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头猪,分别饲喂基础饲粮和在基础饲粮中添加250 mg/kg植物精油的试验饲粮。试验期28 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加植物精油能够显著提高仔猪平均日增重(P<0.05),显著降低料重比(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加植物精油可显著提高粗蛋白质、钙、磷表观消化率(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加植物精油降低了血清中胆囊收缩素、瘦素、胰高血糖素样肽-1的含量,提高了血清中胃饥饿素含量,但均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加植物精油显著提高了动物的生长性能,促进了断奶仔猪对营养物质的消化吸收。
This study was conducted to study the effects of plant essential oils on the growth performance,serum biochemical indexes and nutrient apparent digestibility of weaning piglets. Forty-eight weaning white piglets at 28 days of age with good condition and similar weight were randomly divided into 2 groups with 3 replicates per group and 8 piglets per replicate. Piglets in the control group were fed a basal diet,and the others in the experimental group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg plant essential oils. The trial lasted for28 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group,dietary plant essential oils significantly increased average daily gain of piglets (P<0.05),and significantly decreased feed/gain (P<0.05). 2)Compared with the control group,dietary plant essential oils significantly increased nutrient apparent digestibilities of crude protein,phosphorus,calcium (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the control group,dietary plant essential oils decreased the serum contents of cholecystokinin,leptin,glucagon-like peptide-1 (P > 0. 05),and increased the serum content of ghrelin (P>0.05). All over,dietary plant essential oils can effectively increase growth performance and promote nutrient digestibility.
This study was conducted to study the effects of plant essential oils on the growth performance,serum biochemical indexes and nutrient apparent digestibility of weaning piglets. Forty-eight weaning white piglets at 28 days of age with good condition and similar weight were randomly divided into 2 groups with 3 replicates per group and 8 piglets per replicate. Piglets in the control group were fed a basal diet,and the others in the experimental group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg plant essential oils. The trial lasted for28 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group,dietary plant essential oils significantly increased average daily gain of piglets (P<0.05),and significantly decreased feed/gain (P<0.05). 2)Compared with the control group,dietary plant essential oils significantly increased nutrient apparent digestibilities of crude protein,phosphorus,calcium (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the control group,dietary plant essential oils decreased the serum contents of cholecystokinin,leptin,glucagon-like peptide-1 (P > 0. 05),and increased the serum content of ghrelin (P>0.05). All over,dietary plant essential oils can effectively increase growth performance and promote nutrient digestibility.
引文
[1]周选武,杨开云,陈代文,等.饲粮添加抗生素和植物精油对母猪生产性能、免疫功能和乳成分的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(3):995-1002.
[2]张秀林,魏小兵,欧长波,等.益生菌发酵饲料对仔猪生长和免疫功能影响的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(2):476-481.
[3]杜恩存.百里香酚和香芹酚对肉仔鸡肠上皮屏障和免疫功能的调节作用[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2016:2-5.
[4]SUNTRES Z E,COCCIMIGLIO J,ALIPOUR M.The bioactivity and toxicological actions of carvacrol[J].Critical Review s in Food Science and Nutrition,2015,55(3):304-318.
[5]方热军,李美君,周学彬,等.植物精油提取物对断奶仔猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2010,31(16):9-12.
[6]ARIZA-NIETO C.Evaluation of oregano(Origanum vulgare)essential oils in sw ine production system[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Waseca,USA:University of Minnesota,2005:13-16.
[7]FRANZ C,BASER K H C,WINDISCH W.Essential oils and aromatic plants in animal feeding-a European perspective.A review[J].Flavour and Fragrance Journal,2010,25(5):327-340.
[8]LEESON S,NAMKUNG H,ANTONGIOVANNI M,et al.Effect of butyric acid on the performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2005,84(9):1418-1422.
[9]FANG C L,SUN H,WU J,et al.Effects of sodium butyrate on grow th performance,haematological and immunological characteristics of w eanling piglets[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2014,98(4):680-685.
[10]GIANNENAS I,FLOROU-PANERI P,PAPAZAHA-RIADOU M E,et al.Effect of dietary supplementation w ith oregano essential oil on performance of broilers after experimental infection w ith Eimeria tenella[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2003,57(2):99-106.
[11]KOCˇOVJ,NEM COVR,GANCARCˇKOVS,et al.Effect of tw o plant extracts and Lactobacillus fermentum on colonization of gastrointestinal tract by Salmonella enterica var.Düsseldorf in chicks[J].Biologia,2006,61(6):775-778.
[12]LEE K W,EVERTS H,KAPPERT H J,et al.Effects of dietary essential oil components on grow th performance,digestive enzymes and lipid metabolism in female broiler chickens[J].British Poultry Science,2003,44(3):450-457.
[13]周美玲.植物精油对猪和禽健康的影响[J].饲料博览,2015(5):31-35.
[14]朱碧泉,曹璐,车炼强,等.植物提取物对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响[J].饲料研究,2011(8):7-10.
[15]ZENG Z K,XU X,ZHANG Q,et al.Effects of essential oil supplementation of a low-energy diet on performance,intestinal morphology and microflora,immune properties and antioxidant activities in w eaned pigs[J].Animal Science Journal,2015,86(3):279-285.
[16]MATZINGER D,DEGEN L,DREWE J,et al.The role of long chain fatty acids in regulating food intake and cholecystokinin release in humans[J].Gut,2000,46(5):688-693.
[17]TONEL I,PINHO M,LORDELO M M,et al.Effect of butyrate on gut development and intestinal mucosa morphology of piglets[J].Livestock Science,2010,133(1/2/3):222-224.
[18]REN J.Leptin and hyperleptinemia-from friend to foe for cardiovascular function[J].Journal of Endocrinology,2004,181(1):1-10.
[19]MORTON G J,BLEVINS J E,WILLIAMS D L,et al.Leptin action in the forebrain regulates the hindbrain response to satiety signals[J].Journal of Clinical Investigation,2005,115(3):703-710.
[20]MEIER J J,GALLWITZ B,SCHMIDT W E,et al.Glucagon-like peptide 1 as a regulator of food intake and body w eight:therapeutic perspectives[J].European Journal of Pharmacology,2002,440(2/3):269-279.
[21]MASUDA Y,TANAKA T,INOMATA N,et al.Ghrelin stimulates gastric acid secretion and motility in rats[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2000,276(3):905-908.
[22]KRISTENSSSON E,SUNDQVIST M,ASTIN M,et al.Acute psychological stress raises plasma ghrelin in the rat[J].Regulatory Peptides,2006,134(2/3):114-117.
[2]张秀林,魏小兵,欧长波,等.益生菌发酵饲料对仔猪生长和免疫功能影响的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(2):476-481.
[3]杜恩存.百里香酚和香芹酚对肉仔鸡肠上皮屏障和免疫功能的调节作用[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2016:2-5.
[4]SUNTRES Z E,COCCIMIGLIO J,ALIPOUR M.The bioactivity and toxicological actions of carvacrol[J].Critical Review s in Food Science and Nutrition,2015,55(3):304-318.
[5]方热军,李美君,周学彬,等.植物精油提取物对断奶仔猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2010,31(16):9-12.
[6]ARIZA-NIETO C.Evaluation of oregano(Origanum vulgare)essential oils in sw ine production system[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Waseca,USA:University of Minnesota,2005:13-16.
[7]FRANZ C,BASER K H C,WINDISCH W.Essential oils and aromatic plants in animal feeding-a European perspective.A review[J].Flavour and Fragrance Journal,2010,25(5):327-340.
[8]LEESON S,NAMKUNG H,ANTONGIOVANNI M,et al.Effect of butyric acid on the performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2005,84(9):1418-1422.
[9]FANG C L,SUN H,WU J,et al.Effects of sodium butyrate on grow th performance,haematological and immunological characteristics of w eanling piglets[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2014,98(4):680-685.
[10]GIANNENAS I,FLOROU-PANERI P,PAPAZAHA-RIADOU M E,et al.Effect of dietary supplementation w ith oregano essential oil on performance of broilers after experimental infection w ith Eimeria tenella[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2003,57(2):99-106.
[11]KOCˇOVJ,NEM COVR,GANCARCˇKOVS,et al.Effect of tw o plant extracts and Lactobacillus fermentum on colonization of gastrointestinal tract by Salmonella enterica var.Düsseldorf in chicks[J].Biologia,2006,61(6):775-778.
[12]LEE K W,EVERTS H,KAPPERT H J,et al.Effects of dietary essential oil components on grow th performance,digestive enzymes and lipid metabolism in female broiler chickens[J].British Poultry Science,2003,44(3):450-457.
[13]周美玲.植物精油对猪和禽健康的影响[J].饲料博览,2015(5):31-35.
[14]朱碧泉,曹璐,车炼强,等.植物提取物对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响[J].饲料研究,2011(8):7-10.
[15]ZENG Z K,XU X,ZHANG Q,et al.Effects of essential oil supplementation of a low-energy diet on performance,intestinal morphology and microflora,immune properties and antioxidant activities in w eaned pigs[J].Animal Science Journal,2015,86(3):279-285.
[16]MATZINGER D,DEGEN L,DREWE J,et al.The role of long chain fatty acids in regulating food intake and cholecystokinin release in humans[J].Gut,2000,46(5):688-693.
[17]TONEL I,PINHO M,LORDELO M M,et al.Effect of butyrate on gut development and intestinal mucosa morphology of piglets[J].Livestock Science,2010,133(1/2/3):222-224.
[18]REN J.Leptin and hyperleptinemia-from friend to foe for cardiovascular function[J].Journal of Endocrinology,2004,181(1):1-10.
[19]MORTON G J,BLEVINS J E,WILLIAMS D L,et al.Leptin action in the forebrain regulates the hindbrain response to satiety signals[J].Journal of Clinical Investigation,2005,115(3):703-710.
[20]MEIER J J,GALLWITZ B,SCHMIDT W E,et al.Glucagon-like peptide 1 as a regulator of food intake and body w eight:therapeutic perspectives[J].European Journal of Pharmacology,2002,440(2/3):269-279.
[21]MASUDA Y,TANAKA T,INOMATA N,et al.Ghrelin stimulates gastric acid secretion and motility in rats[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2000,276(3):905-908.
[22]KRISTENSSSON E,SUNDQVIST M,ASTIN M,et al.Acute psychological stress raises plasma ghrelin in the rat[J].Regulatory Peptides,2006,134(2/3):114-117.