丛枝菌根真菌对还田稻秆分解的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究接种丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌对水稻秸秆分解的作用及影响机理。【方法】稻秆还田采用室内盆栽法,通过接种摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae、根内球囊霉Glomus intraradices和幼套球囊霉Glomus etunicatum,研究了3种AM真菌对宿主小麦根系侵染率、稻秆分解速率、土壤酶活性和土壤微生物量的影响。【结果】3种AM真菌均能较好的与小麦根系形成共生系统,侵染率均达84%以上。接种G.mosseae和G.intraradice处理显著促进了稻秆的分解率(增幅分别为26.51%和16.27%);各接菌处理下的土壤微生物量和与碳氮磷元素矿化相关的纤维素酶、蛋白酶、硝酸还原酶、酸性磷酸酶以及碱性磷酸酶均表现出上升趋势,其中G.mosseae对土壤微生物量和各种酶活性的促进作用最显著。【结论】接种AM真菌能够促进还田稻秆的分解,正向调节农田土壤生态系统中有机质的养分释放。摩西球囊霉菌对稻秆分解的促进作用优于其他2种菌根真菌。因此在后续的稻秆分解应用试验中使用G.mosseae作为优势菌种之一进行研究是可行的。
【Objective】The present study aimed at understanding the effects and mechanism of Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi colonization on the decomposition of rice straw.【Method】Infection rate of wheat root system, straw decomposition rate, soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities were conducted after three AM fungi(Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices and Glomus etunicatum) colonization in a seven-month pot experiment of wheat.【Result】All the AM fungi could form symbiotic systems with wheat roots, and the infection rate was over 84 %. The inoculation of G.mosseae and G.intraradice significantly promoted the decomposition rate of rice straw(26.51 % and 16.27 %, respectively). Soil microbial biomass and the enzyme activities involved in soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization(cellulase, protease, nitrate reductase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase) all showed upward trends, of which G.mosseae got the most significant effect.【Conclusion】Inoculation with AM fungi can promote the decomposition of rice straw and regulate the release of organic matter in farmland soil ecosystem. The positive effect of G. mosseae fungus on the decomposition of rice straw is better than that of the other two AM fungi. It is feasible to use G.mosseae as one of the dominant strains in the subsequent application test of rice straw decomposition.
【Objective】The present study aimed at understanding the effects and mechanism of Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi colonization on the decomposition of rice straw.【Method】Infection rate of wheat root system, straw decomposition rate, soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities were conducted after three AM fungi(Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices and Glomus etunicatum) colonization in a seven-month pot experiment of wheat.【Result】All the AM fungi could form symbiotic systems with wheat roots, and the infection rate was over 84 %. The inoculation of G.mosseae and G.intraradice significantly promoted the decomposition rate of rice straw(26.51 % and 16.27 %, respectively). Soil microbial biomass and the enzyme activities involved in soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization(cellulase, protease, nitrate reductase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase) all showed upward trends, of which G.mosseae got the most significant effect.【Conclusion】Inoculation with AM fungi can promote the decomposition of rice straw and regulate the release of organic matter in farmland soil ecosystem. The positive effect of G. mosseae fungus on the decomposition of rice straw is better than that of the other two AM fungi. It is feasible to use G.mosseae as one of the dominant strains in the subsequent application test of rice straw decomposition.
引文
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[18]Kandeler E,Tscherko D,Spiegel H.Long-term monitoring of microbial biomass,N mineralisation and enzyme activities of a Chernozem under different tillage management[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,1999,28(4):343-351.
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[22]Gui H,Hyde K,Xu J,et al.Arbuscular mycorrhiza enhance the rate of litter decomposition while inhibiting soil microbial community development[J].Scientific Reports,2017(7):42184.
[23]Nuccio E E,Hodge A,Pett R J,et al.An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus significantly modifies the soil bacterial community and nitrogen cycling during litter decomposition[J].Environmental Microbiology,2013,15(6):1870-1881.
[24]Jannoura R,Kleikamp B,Dyckmans J,et al.Impact of pea growth and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the decomposition of 15N-labeled maize residues[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2012,48(5):547-560.
[25]Jia Y,Lv Y,Kong X,et al.Insight into the indirect function of isopods in litter decomposition in mixed subtropical forests in China[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2015,86:174-181.
[26]Turner S,Schippers A,Meyer-Stüve S,et al.Mineralogical impact on long-term patterns of soil nitrogen and phosphorus enzyme activities[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,68:31-43.
[27]Freeman C,Ostle N,Kang H.An enzymic‘latch’on a global carbon store[J].Nature,2001,409(6817):149.
[28]Nottingham A T,Turner B L,Winter K,et al.Root and arbuscular mycorrhizal mycelial interactions with soil microorganisms in lowland tropical forest[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2013,85(1):37-50.
[29]Armada E,López-Castillo O,Roldán A,et al.Potential of mycorrhizal inocula to improve growth,nutrition and enzymatic activities in Retama sphaerocarpa compared with chemical fertilization under drought conditions[J].Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2016,16:380-399.
[30]Zarea M J,Karimi N,Goltapeh E M,et al.Effect of cropping systems and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on soil microbial activity and root nodule nitrogenase[J].Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences,2011,10(2):109-120.
[31]Zhang H,Wu X,Li G,et al.Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate-solubilizing fungus (Mortierella sp.) and their effects on Kostelelzkya virginica growth and enzyme activities of rhizosphere and bulk soils at different salinities[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2011,47(5):543.
[32]Atul-Nayyar A,Hamel C,Hanson K,et al.The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis links N mineralization to plant demand[J].Mycorrhiza,2009,19(4):239-246.
[2]潘剑玲,代万安,尚占环,等.秸秆还田对土壤有机质和氮素有效性影响及机制研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2013(5):526-535.
[3]Burns R G.Enzyme activity in soil:location and a possible role in microbial ecology[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1982,14:423-427.
[4]Jia Y,Kong X,Weiser M D,et al.Sodium limits litter decomposition rates in a subtropical forest:additional tests of the sodium ecosystem respiration hypothesis[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2015,93:98-104.
[5]Selosse M,Rousset F.The Plant-Fungal Marketplace[J].Science,2011,333(6044):828.
[6]Hodge A,Campbell C D,Fitter A H.An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus accelerates decomposition and acquires nitrogen directly from organic material[J].Nature,2001,413:297.
[7]Cheng L,Booker F L,Tu C,et al.Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Increase Organic Carbon Decomposition Under Elevated CO2[J].Science,2012,337(6098):1084.
[8]罗珍,朱敏,王晓锋,等.分根装置中接种AM真菌对玉米秸秆降解及土壤微生物量碳、氮和酶活性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013(2):149-156.
[9]郭涛,罗珍,朱敏,等.丛枝菌根真菌对玉米秸秆降解的影响及其作用机制[J].生态学报,2014(14):4080-4087.
[10]郭涛,石孝均,朱敏,等.分根装置中丛枝菌根真菌影响蚕豆秸秆降解作用研究[J].2014.
[11]Kong X,Jia Y,Song F,et al.Insight into litter decomposition driven by nutrient demands of symbiosis system through the hypha bridge of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,25(6):5369-5378.
[12]Bailey V L,Peacock A D,Smith J L,et al.Relationships between soil microbial biomass determined by chloroform fumigation-extraction,substrate-induced respiration,and phospholipid fatty acid analysis[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2002,34:1385-1389.
[13]Ghose T K.Measurement of cellulase activities[J].Pure and Applied Chemistry,1987,59(2):257-268.
[14]Veps?l?inen M,Kukkonen S,Vestberg M,et al.Application of soil enzyme activity test kit in a field experiment[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2001,33:1665-1672.
[15]Daniel R M,Curran M P.A method for the determination of nitrate reductase[J].Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods,1981,4(2):131-132.
[16]Nannipieri P,Ceccanti B,Cervelli S,et al.Extraction of phosphatase,urease,proteases,organic carbon,and nitrogen from soil[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1980,44(5):1011-1016.
[17]CAO C J.Comparisons of determined methods of several soil protease activities[J].Chinese J of Soil Sci,1982,13:39-40.
[18]Kandeler E,Tscherko D,Spiegel H.Long-term monitoring of microbial biomass,N mineralisation and enzyme activities of a Chernozem under different tillage management[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,1999,28(4):343-351.
[19]Olson J S.Energy storage and the balance of producers and decomposers in ecological systems[J].Ecology,1963,44(2):322-331.
[20]Dick W A,Cheng L,Wang P.Soil acid and alkaline phosphatase activity as pH adjustment indicators[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2000,32(13):1915-1919.
[21]李欢,李晓林,向丹.丛枝菌根真菌对羊草凋落物降解作用的研究[J].生态环境学报,2010(7):1569-1573.
[22]Gui H,Hyde K,Xu J,et al.Arbuscular mycorrhiza enhance the rate of litter decomposition while inhibiting soil microbial community development[J].Scientific Reports,2017(7):42184.
[23]Nuccio E E,Hodge A,Pett R J,et al.An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus significantly modifies the soil bacterial community and nitrogen cycling during litter decomposition[J].Environmental Microbiology,2013,15(6):1870-1881.
[24]Jannoura R,Kleikamp B,Dyckmans J,et al.Impact of pea growth and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the decomposition of 15N-labeled maize residues[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2012,48(5):547-560.
[25]Jia Y,Lv Y,Kong X,et al.Insight into the indirect function of isopods in litter decomposition in mixed subtropical forests in China[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2015,86:174-181.
[26]Turner S,Schippers A,Meyer-Stüve S,et al.Mineralogical impact on long-term patterns of soil nitrogen and phosphorus enzyme activities[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,68:31-43.
[27]Freeman C,Ostle N,Kang H.An enzymic‘latch’on a global carbon store[J].Nature,2001,409(6817):149.
[28]Nottingham A T,Turner B L,Winter K,et al.Root and arbuscular mycorrhizal mycelial interactions with soil microorganisms in lowland tropical forest[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2013,85(1):37-50.
[29]Armada E,López-Castillo O,Roldán A,et al.Potential of mycorrhizal inocula to improve growth,nutrition and enzymatic activities in Retama sphaerocarpa compared with chemical fertilization under drought conditions[J].Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2016,16:380-399.
[30]Zarea M J,Karimi N,Goltapeh E M,et al.Effect of cropping systems and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on soil microbial activity and root nodule nitrogenase[J].Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences,2011,10(2):109-120.
[31]Zhang H,Wu X,Li G,et al.Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate-solubilizing fungus (Mortierella sp.) and their effects on Kostelelzkya virginica growth and enzyme activities of rhizosphere and bulk soils at different salinities[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2011,47(5):543.
[32]Atul-Nayyar A,Hamel C,Hanson K,et al.The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis links N mineralization to plant demand[J].Mycorrhiza,2009,19(4):239-246.