随风而来的沙漠化
摘要
沙漠化不仅是生态环境问题中的研究热点,也是社会所关注的重点,数十年来,甚至进入政治层面,成为各国政府、相关国际组织和学者争论的焦点.本文回顾了沙漠化概念的发展历史,从地球科学的角度叙述了沙漠化物理过程研究所取得的进展,讨论了风沙活动对沙漠化产生、发展以及逆转过程的影响机制,提出拓展沙漠化研究区域和研究视野,将沙漠化看作一个复杂的系统,在地球科学和生物科学等方面进行有机结合,对沙漠化过程作全方位解析的建议.
引文
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30申元村,张克斌,王贤.荒漠化.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2001
31吴正.风沙地貌学.北京:科学出版社,1987
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33Livingstone I,Warren A.Aeolian Geomorphology:An introduction.Essex:Longman,1996
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37Nishimori H,Tanaka H.A simple model for the formation of vegetated dunes.Earth Surf Process Landf,2001,26:1143–1150
38El-Bana M I,Nijs I,Khedr A-H A.The importance of phytogenic mounds(nebkhas)for restoration of arid degraded rangelands in northern Sinai.Restor Ecol,2003,11:317–324
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40Kuriyama Y,Mochizuki N,Nakashima T.Influence of vegetation on aeolian sand transport rate from a backshore to foredune at Hasaki,Japan.Sedimentology,2005,52:1123–1132
41Tsoar H.Sand dunes mobility and stability in relation to climate.Physica A,2005,357:50–56
42Durán O,Herrmann H J.Vegetation against dune mobility.Phys Rev Lett,2006,97:188001
43Okin G S,Gillette D A,Herrick J E.Multi-scale controls on and consequences of aeolian processes in landscape change in arid and semi-arid environments.J Arid Environ,2006,65:253–275
44Leenders J K,van Boxel J H,Sterk G.The effect of single vegetation elements on wind speed and sediment transport in the Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso.Earth Surf Process Landf,2007,32:1454–1474
45Herrmann H J,Durán O,Parteli E J R,et al.Vegetation and induration as sand dunes stabilizators.J Coastal Res,2010,24:1357–1368
46Tengberg A.Nebkha dunes as indicators of wind erosion and land degradation in the Sahel zone of Burkina Faso.J Arid Environ,1995,30:265–282
47Wang X,Chen F H,Dong Z,et al.Evolution of the southern Mu Us Desert in north China over the past50years:An analysis using proxies of human activity and climate parameters.Land Degrad Dev,2005,16:351–366
48Maestre F,Escudero A.Is the patch size distribution of vegetation a suitable indicator of desertification processes?Ecology,2009,90:1729–1735
49Saiko T A,Zonn I S.Irrigation expansion and dynamics of desertification in the Circum-Aral region of Central Asia.Appl Geog,2000,20:349–367
50Brown G.Factors maintaining plant diversity in degraded areas of northern Kuwait.J Arid Environ,2003,54:183–194
51Wang X,Dong Z,Yan P,et al.Wind energy environments and dunefield activity in the Chinese deserts.Geomorphology,2005,65:33–48
52Wang X,Chen F,Hasi E,et al.Desertification in China:An assessment.Earth-Sci Rev,2008,88:188–206
53沈吉,汪勇,羊向东,等.湖泊沉积记录的区域风沙特征及湖泊演化历史:以陕西红碱淖湖泊为例.科学通报,2006,51:87–92
54Wang X,Hasi E,Zhou Z,et al.Significance of variations in the wind energy environment over the past50years with respect to dune ac-tivity and desertification in arid and semiarid northern China.Geomorphology,2007,86:252–266
55Wang X,Chen F,Dong Z.The relative role of climatic and human factors in desertification in semiarid China.Glob Environ Change,2006,16:48–57
56王训明,李吉均,董光荣,等.近50a来中国北方沙区风沙气候演变与沙漠化响应.科学通报,2007,52:2882–2888
57Wang X,Dong Z,Liu L,et al.Sand sea activity and interactions with climatic parameters in the Taklimakan Sand Sea,China.J Arid Environ,2004,57:85–98
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