3D打印技术安全风险及其管控对策
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摘要
3D打印技术在为人们的生产、生活带来便利的同时也潜藏着诸多的安全风险:3D打印枪支对人身安全带来的风险,3D打印药物对健康保障带来的风险,3D打印侵权对资源所有权带来的风险,3D打印信用卡、钥匙、人脸面具对财产所有权带来的风险,3D打印人体组织对道德保障带来的风险,3D打印颠覆行业模式对工作职位保障带来的风险。面对3D打印技术的安全风险,政府和社会应采取有力的管控措施,消除不确定感,建立安全感,增强控制感。
While 3D printing technology brings convenience to people's production and life, it also contains many security risks: the risk of3D printing guns to personal safety, the risk of 3D printing drugs health protection, the risk of 3D printing infringement to resource ownership,the risk of 3D printing credit cards, keys, face masks to property ownership, the risk of 3D printing human organs to moral protection and the risk of 3D printing industry conversion model to job security. Facing with the security risks of 3D printing technology, the government and the society should take strong control measures to eliminate the sense of uncertainty, establish the sense of security and enhance the sense of control.
While 3D printing technology brings convenience to people's production and life, it also contains many security risks: the risk of3D printing guns to personal safety, the risk of 3D printing drugs health protection, the risk of 3D printing infringement to resource ownership,the risk of 3D printing credit cards, keys, face masks to property ownership, the risk of 3D printing human organs to moral protection and the risk of 3D printing industry conversion model to job security. Facing with the security risks of 3D printing technology, the government and the society should take strong control measures to eliminate the sense of uncertainty, establish the sense of security and enhance the sense of control.
引文
[1]犯罪分子利用3D打印ATM机窃取十万美元[EB/OL].(2013-08-18)[2019-01-02].http://news.mydrivers.com/1/272/272981.htm.
[2]用3D打印作出的超逼真人皮面具,一家人都顶着一样的脸太过诡异[EB/OL].(2017-12-30)[2019-01-02].https://www.sohu.com/a/213651774_100033975.
[3]83岁老妇成功植入世界首个3D打印下颌骨[EB/OL].(2012-2-16)[2019-01-02].http://it.sohu.com/20120216/n334905600.shtml,.
[4]研究称室内进行3D打印或对人体有害[EB/OL].(2013-07-25)[2019-01-02].http://tech.qq.com/a/20130725/000821.htm.
[5]于世刚.确定感、安全感、控制感--人的安全需要的三个层次[J].理论研究,2011,26(2):131-136.
[6]MISHEL M H.Uncertainty in Illness Scales Manual[M].Dana Epstein M S.College of Nursing,University of Arizona,1997:98.
[7]ASTIN J A,SHAPIRO D.Measuring the Psychological Construct of Control:Applications to Trans personal Psychology[J].The Journal of T Psychology,1997(29):63-72.
(1)ABS塑料是丙烯腈(A)-丁二烯(B)-苯乙烯(S)的三元共聚物,综合了三种成分的性能,通过三种单体相对含量的任意变化可制成各种树脂。ABS因其原料易得、综合性良好、价格便宜、用途广泛以及坚韧、质硬、刚性的特点,在机械、汽车等制造工业及化工中获得了广泛的应用。
(2)FDM技术,又称熔融层积成型技术,是将丝状热熔性材料加热融化,同时三维喷头在计算机的控制下,根据截面轮廓信息,将材料选择性地涂敷在工作台上,快速冷却后形成一层截面。一层成型完成后,机器工作台下降一个高度(即分层厚度)再成型下一层,直至形成整个实体造型。FDM技术的成型材料种类多,成型件强度高、精度较高,主要适用于成型小塑料件。
(1)SLS技术,又称选择性激光烧结,是采用铺粉棍将一层粉末材料平铺在已成型零件的上表面,并加热至恰好低于该粉末烧结点的某一温度,控制系统控制激光束按照该层的截面轮廓在粉末哈桑扫描,使粉末的温度升至熔化点,进行烧结,并与下面已成型的部分实现年节。当一层截面烧结完成后,工作台下降一个层的厚度,铺料棍又在上面铺上一层均密的粉末,进行新一层截面的烧结,直至完成整个模型。
[2]用3D打印作出的超逼真人皮面具,一家人都顶着一样的脸太过诡异[EB/OL].(2017-12-30)[2019-01-02].https://www.sohu.com/a/213651774_100033975.
[3]83岁老妇成功植入世界首个3D打印下颌骨[EB/OL].(2012-2-16)[2019-01-02].http://it.sohu.com/20120216/n334905600.shtml,.
[4]研究称室内进行3D打印或对人体有害[EB/OL].(2013-07-25)[2019-01-02].http://tech.qq.com/a/20130725/000821.htm.
[5]于世刚.确定感、安全感、控制感--人的安全需要的三个层次[J].理论研究,2011,26(2):131-136.
[6]MISHEL M H.Uncertainty in Illness Scales Manual[M].Dana Epstein M S.College of Nursing,University of Arizona,1997:98.
[7]ASTIN J A,SHAPIRO D.Measuring the Psychological Construct of Control:Applications to Trans personal Psychology[J].The Journal of T Psychology,1997(29):63-72.
(1)ABS塑料是丙烯腈(A)-丁二烯(B)-苯乙烯(S)的三元共聚物,综合了三种成分的性能,通过三种单体相对含量的任意变化可制成各种树脂。ABS因其原料易得、综合性良好、价格便宜、用途广泛以及坚韧、质硬、刚性的特点,在机械、汽车等制造工业及化工中获得了广泛的应用。
(2)FDM技术,又称熔融层积成型技术,是将丝状热熔性材料加热融化,同时三维喷头在计算机的控制下,根据截面轮廓信息,将材料选择性地涂敷在工作台上,快速冷却后形成一层截面。一层成型完成后,机器工作台下降一个高度(即分层厚度)再成型下一层,直至形成整个实体造型。FDM技术的成型材料种类多,成型件强度高、精度较高,主要适用于成型小塑料件。
(1)SLS技术,又称选择性激光烧结,是采用铺粉棍将一层粉末材料平铺在已成型零件的上表面,并加热至恰好低于该粉末烧结点的某一温度,控制系统控制激光束按照该层的截面轮廓在粉末哈桑扫描,使粉末的温度升至熔化点,进行烧结,并与下面已成型的部分实现年节。当一层截面烧结完成后,工作台下降一个层的厚度,铺料棍又在上面铺上一层均密的粉末,进行新一层截面的烧结,直至完成整个模型。