成都市大气水汽与空气质量关系的研究
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摘要
为深入分析大气水汽对空气质量的影响,基于2016年成都温江国家气候观象台的气象观测资料和成都市环境监测中心的环境空气质量指数(AQI),首先利用地面气象要素估算出逐时的大气可降水量(PWV),继而结合空气质量指数资料研究了成都地区降水、静稳天气、太阳辐射强度等气象条件对空气质量及其与大气水汽关系的影响.结果表明:在降水条件下,臭氧(O_3)浓度随着PWV的增大而显著减小,PWV与PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度的正相关系数减小,其中对PWV与PM_(10)浓度的相关性影响最大,相关系数减小47.62%.PWV与O_3的负相关系数在春季增大、夏季减小;PWV与PM_(2.5)的正相关系数在秋、冬季减小.当天气处于高静稳指数时,PWV变化对污染物浓度变化的影响更为显著.不同太阳辐射强度下,PWV与O_3的相关性也不同,随着太阳辐射增强,PWV与PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)的相关性从正相关转变为负相关.
In order to further analyze the impacts of the water vapor on the air quality, based on the meteorological observation data of the National Climate Observatory at Wenjiang, Chengdu in 2016 and the Environmental Air Quality Index(AQI) of the Chengdu Environmental Monitoring Center, the ground meteorological elements are firstly used to estimate the hourly atmospheric state. Precipitation(PWV), combined with the air quality index data, is used to study the impacts of the meteorological conditions such as precipitation, the static stability atmosphere and the solar radiation intensity on air quality and their relationships with the water vapor. The results show that under the precipitating conditions, the concentration of ozone(O_3) decreases significantly with the increase of PWV, and the positive correlation coefficient between PWV and PM_(2.5), PM_(10), which has been impacted the most with the correlation coefficient decreasing by 47.62%. The negative correlation coefficient between PWV and O_3 is enhanced in spring and weakened in summer and the positive correlation coefficient between PWV and PM_(2.5) is weakened in autumn and winter. When the atmosphere is at a high static stability state, the PWV change is more significant with the variations of the AQI and other pollutant concentrations. The correlation between PWV and O_3 is different under different solar radiation intensity. With the increase of the solar radiation, the correlation between PWV and PM_(2.5)/PM_(10) changes from positive correlation to negative correlation.
In order to further analyze the impacts of the water vapor on the air quality, based on the meteorological observation data of the National Climate Observatory at Wenjiang, Chengdu in 2016 and the Environmental Air Quality Index(AQI) of the Chengdu Environmental Monitoring Center, the ground meteorological elements are firstly used to estimate the hourly atmospheric state. Precipitation(PWV), combined with the air quality index data, is used to study the impacts of the meteorological conditions such as precipitation, the static stability atmosphere and the solar radiation intensity on air quality and their relationships with the water vapor. The results show that under the precipitating conditions, the concentration of ozone(O_3) decreases significantly with the increase of PWV, and the positive correlation coefficient between PWV and PM_(2.5), PM_(10), which has been impacted the most with the correlation coefficient decreasing by 47.62%. The negative correlation coefficient between PWV and O_3 is enhanced in spring and weakened in summer and the positive correlation coefficient between PWV and PM_(2.5) is weakened in autumn and winter. When the atmosphere is at a high static stability state, the PWV change is more significant with the variations of the AQI and other pollutant concentrations. The correlation between PWV and O_3 is different under different solar radiation intensity. With the increase of the solar radiation, the correlation between PWV and PM_(2.5)/PM_(10) changes from positive correlation to negative correlation.
引文
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王勇,刘严萍,李江波,等.2015.水汽和风速对雾霾中PM2.5/PM10变化的影响[J].灾害学,26(1):5-7
Wang Y,Liu Y,Jiangbo L I,et al.2015.Comparison between GPS PWV and PM2.5/PM10 in Beijing based on different seasons[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,35(3):365-367
吴健生,王茜,李嘉诚,等.2017.PM2.5浓度空间分异模拟模型对比:以京津冀地区为例[J].环境科学,38(6):2191-2201
姚青,孙玫玲,蔡子颖,等.2011.2009年天津城区地面O3和NOx的季节变化与相关性分析[J].环境化学,30(9):1650-1656
Yang Y R,Liu X G,Qu Y,et al.2015.Characteristics and formation mechanism of continuous hazes in China:a case study during the autumn of 2014 in the North China Plain[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,15(14):10987-11029
张双成,李振宇,戴凯阳,等.2016.北京地区GPS水汽变化与雾霾的相关性[J].测绘科学,41(8):43-47
张恒德,张碧辉,吕梦瑶,等.2017.北京地区静稳天气综合指数的初步构建及其在环境气象中的应用[J].气象,43(8):998-1004
邓爱萍,陆维青,杨雪.2017.2013年-2017年江苏省环境空气中首要污染物变化分析研究[J].环境科学与管理,26(12):19-22
Kalnay E,Kanamitsu M,Kistler R,et al.1996.The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project[J].Bulletin of the American meteorological Society,77(3):437-472
郭洁,李国平.2007.地基GPS探测水汽的发展与气象业务应用[J].大地测量与地球动力学,27(6):35-42
Gallimore P J,Achakulwisut P,Pope F D,et al.2011.Importance of relative humidity in the oxidative ageing of organic aerosols:case study of the ozonolysis of maleic acid aerosol[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,11(11):23169-23202
郭倩,汪嘉杨,周子航,等.2018.成都市一次典型空气重污染过程特征及成因分析[J].环境科学学报,38(2):629-639
Jasaitis D,Vasiliauskien V,Chady?ien R,et al.2016.Surface ozone concentration and its relationship with UV radiation,meteorological parameters and radon on the eastern coast of the baltic sea[J].Atmosphere,7(2):27-35
Kavassalis S C,Murphy J G.2017.Understanding ozone‐meteorology correlations:A role for dry deposition[J].Geophysical Research Letters,44(8):38-46
刘晶淼,丁裕国.2003.太阳紫外辐射强度与气象要素的相关分析[J].高原气象,22(1):45-50
李国翠,李国平,刘凤辉,等.2009.华北地区水汽总量特征及其与地面水汽压关系[J].热带气象学报,25(4):488-494
刘严萍,王勇,李江波.2015.北京APEC会议期间GPS水汽与PM2.5/PM10的相关性比较[J].灾害学,26(3):26-28
柳林涛,王勇,李江波,等.2015.北京气态污染物变化与空中水汽变化的比较研究[J].环境科学与技术,36(6):50-57
齐月,房世波,周文佐.2015.近50年来中国东、西部地面太阳辐射变化及其与大气环境变化的关系[J].物理学报,64(8):89201-89210
Schauer J,Mazurek M A,Cass G R.2007.Source apportionment of airborne particulate matter using organic compounds as tracers[J].Atmospheric Environment,41(22):241-259
Tao M,Chen L,Xiong X,et al.2014.Formation process of the widespread extreme haze pollution over northern China in January 2013:Implications for regional air quality and climate[J].Atmospheric Environment,98(16):417-425
王耀庭,李威,张小玲,等.2012.北京城区夏季静稳天气下大气边界层与大气污染的关系[J].环境科学研究,25(10):1092-1098
王勇,闻德保,刘严萍,等.2014.雾霾天气对GPS天顶对流层延迟与可降水量影响研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,34(2):120-123
王勇,刘严萍,李江波,等.2015.不同季节的北京市GPS可降水量与PM2.5/PM10的比较研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,35(3):365-367
王勇,刘严萍,李江波,等.2015.水汽和风速对雾霾中PM2.5/PM10变化的影响[J].灾害学,26(1):5-7
Wang Y,Liu Y,Jiangbo L I,et al.2015.Comparison between GPS PWV and PM2.5/PM10 in Beijing based on different seasons[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,35(3):365-367
吴健生,王茜,李嘉诚,等.2017.PM2.5浓度空间分异模拟模型对比:以京津冀地区为例[J].环境科学,38(6):2191-2201
姚青,孙玫玲,蔡子颖,等.2011.2009年天津城区地面O3和NOx的季节变化与相关性分析[J].环境化学,30(9):1650-1656
Yang Y R,Liu X G,Qu Y,et al.2015.Characteristics and formation mechanism of continuous hazes in China:a case study during the autumn of 2014 in the North China Plain[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,15(14):10987-11029
张双成,李振宇,戴凯阳,等.2016.北京地区GPS水汽变化与雾霾的相关性[J].测绘科学,41(8):43-47
张恒德,张碧辉,吕梦瑶,等.2017.北京地区静稳天气综合指数的初步构建及其在环境气象中的应用[J].气象,43(8):998-1004