基于单齿侵入理论的牙轮钻头钻速方程
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摘要
考虑井底水平地应力、钻井流体压力及地层孔隙压力,基于单齿侵入理论推导单齿侵入井底岩石的侵深公式,建立纯滚动锥形齿、楔形齿和滚动、剪切复合运动锥形齿等牙轮钻头的钻速方程.通过实验分析刃尖角、井底液柱压力对单齿侵入深度的影响,以及转速、轴向载荷对微钻头、牙轮钻头机械钻速的影响.结果表明:随着牙齿刃尖角的增大,锥形齿和楔形齿的侵深呈指数递减趋势;随着井底液柱压力的增大,牙齿侵入深度呈指数递减趋势,其中锥形齿降低速率大.在软到中硬地层中,牙齿侵入深度大,冲击侵入、回转剪切复合破岩方式的破岩效率高;在硬度地层中,牙齿侵入深度小,纯滚动冲击侵入破岩效率高.为分析实钻时牙轮钻头的机械钻速提供计算方法.
Considering the condition of the bottom hole pressure,based on single tooth intrusive theory to give invasion depth formula,we build drilling model of true rolling conical insert,true rolling chisel teeth and conical insert of compound motion of roll and shear.We have nalyzed the impact of bit angle and fluid column pressure on invasion depth and rotation speed and drill pressure on penetration rate of micro drill bit and cone bit.The results show that the invasion depth of conical insert and chisel teeth decrease exponentially with bit angle and fluid column pressure increasing,whose conical insert is more obvious.In the soft to medium-hard formation,the larger the invasion depth is,the more effective rock breaking is,which combines impact and shear.In the hard formation,the smaller invasion depth is,the more effective rock breaking of true rolling impact is.
Considering the condition of the bottom hole pressure,based on single tooth intrusive theory to give invasion depth formula,we build drilling model of true rolling conical insert,true rolling chisel teeth and conical insert of compound motion of roll and shear.We have nalyzed the impact of bit angle and fluid column pressure on invasion depth and rotation speed and drill pressure on penetration rate of micro drill bit and cone bit.The results show that the invasion depth of conical insert and chisel teeth decrease exponentially with bit angle and fluid column pressure increasing,whose conical insert is more obvious.In the soft to medium-hard formation,the larger the invasion depth is,the more effective rock breaking is,which combines impact and shear.In the hard formation,the smaller invasion depth is,the more effective rock breaking of true rolling impact is.
引文
[1]陈涛平,胡靖邦.石油工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000:50-77.Chen Taoping,Hu Jingbang.Petroleum engineering[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2000:50-77.
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[5]杨进.岩石抗钻强度与地层孔隙压力关系模型及其应用[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2001,25(2):1-5.Yang Jin.Correlation model of rock strength andformation pore pressure and application of the modle[J].Journal of the University ofPetroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2001,25(2):1-5.
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[7]郑德帅,冯江鹏.井底压力对岩石破碎的影响机制及应用研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(1):205-208.Zheng Deshuai,Feng Jiangpeng.Mechanism of effect of down hole pressures on rock failure and its applications[J].Rock and Soil Me-chanics,2011,32(1):205-208.
[8]寇绍全,张宗贤,愈洁.压头侵入引起的岩石断裂[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1989,18(4):275-285.Kou Shaoquan,Zhang Zongxian,Yu Jie.Rock fracture under indentation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1989,18(4):275-285.
[9]杨迎新,林敏,张德荣.牙齿刮切实验破碎坑的几何建模[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(9):1392-1394.Yang Yingxin,Lin Min,Zhang Derong.Geometric modeling of rock grooves induced by scraping tests with single insert[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(9):1392-1394.
[10]王清峰,朱才朝,宋朝省,等.牙轮钻头单牙轮的破岩仿真研究[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(10):108-112.Wang Qingfeng,Zhu Decai,Song Chaoxing,et al.Non-limear dynamic analysis of a roller cone bit-well rock system with rock-conebit interaction[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(10):108-112.
[11]赵伏军,李夕兵,冯涛,等.动静载荷耦合作用下岩石破碎理论分析及实验研究[J].岩石力学工程学报,2005,24(8):1316-1321.Zhao Fujun,Li Xibing,Feng Tao,et al.Theoretical analysis and experiments of rock fragmentation under coupling dynamic andstatic loads[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(8):1316-1321.
[12]闫铁,李玮.分形岩石力学在油气井工程中的应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,2010,34(5):60-64.Yan Tie,Li Wei.Application of fractal rock mechanics to oil and gas engineering[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2010,34(5):60-64.
[13]齐林,周大千,刘修善.钻头—岩石相互作用模式的理论统一性和表示形式的多样性[J].大庆石油学院学报,1993,17(3):26-31.Qi Lin,Zhou Daqian,Liu Xiushan.The theoretical consistence and variety of expression about the interaction of bit force[J].Jour-nal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,1993,17(3):26-31.
[14]初迎利,刘修善,周大千.钻头瞬时三维力方向岩石可钻性的确定[J].大庆石油学院学报,1995,19(2):10-14.Chu Yingli,Liu Xiushan,Zhou Daqian.Determination of the rock drillability at instantaneous 3-D component direction of bit force[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,1995,19(2):10-14.
[15]闫铁,李玮,毕雪亮,等.一种基于破碎比功的岩石破碎效率评价新方法[J].石油学报,2009,30(2):291-293.Yan Tie,Li Wei,Bi Xueliang,et al.A new evaluation method of rock crushing efficiency base on the crushing work ratio fractal rep-resentation of rock drillability.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(2):291-293.
[16]刘清友,马德坤.牙轮钻头动力学模型的建立与仿真分析[J].石油机械,1998,26(11):1-4.Liu Qingyou,Ma Dekun.Dynamic model establishing and simulation analysis of roller cone bit[J].China Petroleum Machinery,1998,26(11):1-4.
[2]李邦达.最优钻井方程及其应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,1982,6(4):30-45.Li Bangda.The optimal drilling equation and its application[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,1982,4:30-45.
[3]陈庭根,管志川.钻井工程理论与技术[M].北京:中国石油大学出版社,2006:52-56.Chen Tinggen,Guan Zhichuan.Drilling engineering theory and technology[M].Beijing:China Petroleum University Press,2006:52-56.
[4]赖海辉,朱成忠,李夕兵,等.机械岩石破碎学[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1991:192-282.Lai Haihui,Zhu Chengzhong,Li Xibing,et al.Mechanical rock fragmentation[M].Changsha:Central South University Press,1991:192-282.
[5]杨进.岩石抗钻强度与地层孔隙压力关系模型及其应用[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2001,25(2):1-5.Yang Jin.Correlation model of rock strength andformation pore pressure and application of the modle[J].Journal of the University ofPetroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2001,25(2):1-5.
[6]刘永贵,王洪英.徐深气田气体钻井破岩机理的初步研究[J].石油学报,2008,29(5):773-776.Liu Yonggui,Wang Hongying.Initial research on rock-breaking mechanism for gas drilling in Xushen gas field[J].Acta Petrolel Sini-ca,2008,29(5):773-776.
[7]郑德帅,冯江鹏.井底压力对岩石破碎的影响机制及应用研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(1):205-208.Zheng Deshuai,Feng Jiangpeng.Mechanism of effect of down hole pressures on rock failure and its applications[J].Rock and Soil Me-chanics,2011,32(1):205-208.
[8]寇绍全,张宗贤,愈洁.压头侵入引起的岩石断裂[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1989,18(4):275-285.Kou Shaoquan,Zhang Zongxian,Yu Jie.Rock fracture under indentation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1989,18(4):275-285.
[9]杨迎新,林敏,张德荣.牙齿刮切实验破碎坑的几何建模[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(9):1392-1394.Yang Yingxin,Lin Min,Zhang Derong.Geometric modeling of rock grooves induced by scraping tests with single insert[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(9):1392-1394.
[10]王清峰,朱才朝,宋朝省,等.牙轮钻头单牙轮的破岩仿真研究[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(10):108-112.Wang Qingfeng,Zhu Decai,Song Chaoxing,et al.Non-limear dynamic analysis of a roller cone bit-well rock system with rock-conebit interaction[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(10):108-112.
[11]赵伏军,李夕兵,冯涛,等.动静载荷耦合作用下岩石破碎理论分析及实验研究[J].岩石力学工程学报,2005,24(8):1316-1321.Zhao Fujun,Li Xibing,Feng Tao,et al.Theoretical analysis and experiments of rock fragmentation under coupling dynamic andstatic loads[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(8):1316-1321.
[12]闫铁,李玮.分形岩石力学在油气井工程中的应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,2010,34(5):60-64.Yan Tie,Li Wei.Application of fractal rock mechanics to oil and gas engineering[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2010,34(5):60-64.
[13]齐林,周大千,刘修善.钻头—岩石相互作用模式的理论统一性和表示形式的多样性[J].大庆石油学院学报,1993,17(3):26-31.Qi Lin,Zhou Daqian,Liu Xiushan.The theoretical consistence and variety of expression about the interaction of bit force[J].Jour-nal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,1993,17(3):26-31.
[14]初迎利,刘修善,周大千.钻头瞬时三维力方向岩石可钻性的确定[J].大庆石油学院学报,1995,19(2):10-14.Chu Yingli,Liu Xiushan,Zhou Daqian.Determination of the rock drillability at instantaneous 3-D component direction of bit force[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,1995,19(2):10-14.
[15]闫铁,李玮,毕雪亮,等.一种基于破碎比功的岩石破碎效率评价新方法[J].石油学报,2009,30(2):291-293.Yan Tie,Li Wei,Bi Xueliang,et al.A new evaluation method of rock crushing efficiency base on the crushing work ratio fractal rep-resentation of rock drillability.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(2):291-293.
[16]刘清友,马德坤.牙轮钻头动力学模型的建立与仿真分析[J].石油机械,1998,26(11):1-4.Liu Qingyou,Ma Dekun.Dynamic model establishing and simulation analysis of roller cone bit[J].China Petroleum Machinery,1998,26(11):1-4.
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