基于Choudhury-Yang公式的泾河流域蒸散发归因分析
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摘要
1999年以来黄土高原实施了大规模的植树造林工程,但该工程是否加剧了区域水资源压力引发了社会的广泛讨论。为科学解析黄土高原水循环演变过程,基于Choudhury-Yang公式计算了黄土高原泾河流域2000-2014年蒸散发变化,并定量区分了气候因子和下垫面因子对流域蒸散发变化的贡献。研究结果表明:退耕还林工程实施以来,泾河流域实际蒸散发呈下降趋势,年均降幅为-2.28mm;降水是该流域蒸散发变化的主导因子,其平均贡献率达到76.8%,远大于潜在蒸散发(40.8%)和下垫面变化(-17.5%)的影响。基于Choudhury-Yang公式的蒸散发归因识别方法,对定量区分气候和下垫面变化对流域蒸散发的影响具有重要的科学意义。
A large-scale afforestation project has been implemented in the Loess Plateau since 1999,but whether the project has intensified regional water supply pressure is being widely debated.In order to scientifically analyze the water cycle process in the Loess Plateau,this study calculated the evapotranspiration changes of the Jinghe River basin based on the Choudhury-Yang equation during 2000 to 2014,and quantitatively distinguished the contribution of climatic factors and that of underlying surface factors to evapotranspiration changes.Results showed that:since the implementation of the afforestation project,the evapotranspiration of the Jinghe River basin has slightly declined at an annual average rate of-2.28 mm.Precipitation was the dominant factor of evapotranspiration changes in the study period,with an average contribution rate of 76.8%,which was far greater than the contribution of potential evapotranspiration change(40.8%)and underlying surface change(-17.5%).This study shows that the Choudhury-Yang equation has important scientific significance for quantitatively distinguishing the effects of climate and underlying surface changes on evapotranspiration.
A large-scale afforestation project has been implemented in the Loess Plateau since 1999,but whether the project has intensified regional water supply pressure is being widely debated.In order to scientifically analyze the water cycle process in the Loess Plateau,this study calculated the evapotranspiration changes of the Jinghe River basin based on the Choudhury-Yang equation during 2000 to 2014,and quantitatively distinguished the contribution of climatic factors and that of underlying surface factors to evapotranspiration changes.Results showed that:since the implementation of the afforestation project,the evapotranspiration of the Jinghe River basin has slightly declined at an annual average rate of-2.28 mm.Precipitation was the dominant factor of evapotranspiration changes in the study period,with an average contribution rate of 76.8%,which was far greater than the contribution of potential evapotranspiration change(40.8%)and underlying surface change(-17.5%).This study shows that the Choudhury-Yang equation has important scientific significance for quantitatively distinguishing the effects of climate and underlying surface changes on evapotranspiration.
引文
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[13] YANG D,SUN F,LIU Z,et al.Interpreting the complementary relationship in non‐humid environments based on the Budyko and Penman hypotheses[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2006,33(18):122-140.
[14]赵安周,刘宪锋,朱秀芳,等.2000-2014年黄土高原植被覆盖时空变化特征及其归因[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(5):1568-1578.(ZHAO A Z,LIU X F,ZHU X F,et al.Spatiotemporal analyses and associated driving forces of vegetation coverage change in the Loess Plateau[J].China Environment Science,2016,36(5):1568-1578.(in Chinese)).DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2016.05.043.
[15] JIN M L,DICKINSON R E.Land surface skin temperature climatology:benefitting from the strengths of satellite observations[J].Environmental Research Letters,2010,5(4):186-199.
[16] ZHANG L,DAWES W R,WALLKERG R.Response of mean annual evapotranspiration to vegetation changes at catchment scale[J].Water Resources Research,2001,37(3):701-708.
[17] YANG D W,SHAO W W,YEH J F,et al.Impact of vegetation coverage on regional water balance in the nonhumid regions of China[J].Water Resources Research,2009,45(7):450-455.DOI:10.1029/2008WR006948.
[18]孙福宝,杨大文,刘志雨,等.基于Budyko假设的黄河流域水热耦合平衡规律研究[J].水利学报,2007,38(4):409-416.(SUN F B,YANG D W,LIU Z Y,et al.Study on coupled water-energy balance in the Yellow River basin based on Budyko hypothesis[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(4):409-416.(in Chinese)).DOI:0559-9350(2007)05-0409-08.
[19]杨大文,张树磊,徐翔宇.基于水热耦合平衡方程的黄河流域径流变化归因分析[J].中国科学:技术科学.2015,45(10):1024-1034.(YANG D W,ZHANG S L,XU X Y.Study on coupled water-energy balance in the Yellow River basin based on Budyko hypothesis[J].Scientia Sinica Technologica,2015,45(10):1024-1034.(in Chinese))DOI:10.1360/N092015-00013.
[20]郭志起,王秀茹.河北省地区50年来降水变化特征分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2012,10(3):67-72.(GUO Z Q,WANG X R.Variations of precipitation in recent 50years in Hebei Province[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2012,10(3):67-72.(in Chinese))DOI:1672-1683(2012)03-0067-06.
[21]张荣华.渭河流域蒸散发特征及水量变化分析[D].北京:北京师范大学,2013.(ZHANG R H.Analysis of evapotranspiration characteristics and water quantity variation in Weihe River basin[D].Beijing:Beijing Normal University,2013.(in Chinese))
[22] GAO X,SUN M,ZHAO Q,et al.Actual ET modelling based on the Budyko framework and the sustainability of vegetation water use in the loess plateau[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,579.DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.163.
[23] XU X,YANG D,YANG H,et al.Attribution analysis based on the Budyko hypothesis for detecting the dominant cause of runoff decline in Haihe basin[J].Journal of Hydrology,2014,510(6):530-540.DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.12.052.
[24]MA Z,KANG S,ZHANG L,et al.Analysis of impacts of climate variability and human activity on streamflow for a river basin in arid region of northwest China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2008,352(3-4):239-249.DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.12.022.
[25]董国涛,党素珍,何宏谋,等.基于地表温度和植被指数特征空间的泾河流域土壤水分监测[J].南水北调与水利科技,2014,12(4):11-15.(DONG G T,DANG S Z,HE H M,et al.Monitoring of soil moisture based on land surface temperature and vegetation index feature space in the Jinghe watershed[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2014,12(4):11-15.(in Chinese))DOI:1672-1683(2014)04-0011-05.
[2]周园园,师长兴,杜俊,等.无定河流域1956—2009年径流量变化及其影响因素[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(5):856-865.(ZHOU Y Y,SHI C X,DU J,et al.Annual runoff change and influencing factors in the Wuding River basin in 1956-2009[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2012,27(5):856-865.(in Chinese)).DOI:1000-3037(2012)05-0856-10.
[3]金明,于静洁.生态保护和植树造林对黑河流域河川径流的影响[J].地理科学进展,2008,27(3):47-54.(JING M,YU J J.The impact of ecological protection and afforestation on streamflow in Heihe River basin[J].Progress in Geography,2008,27(3):47-54.(in Chinese))
[4]宁婷婷.Budyko框架下黄土高原流域蒸散时空变化及其归因分析[D].北京:中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,2017.(NING T T.The spatiotemporal variability of catchment evapotranspiration and its attribution analysis in the Loess Plateau under the Budyko framework[D].Beijing:Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education,2017.(in Chinese))
[5]邵薇薇,杨大文,孙福宝,等.黄土高原地区植被与水循环的关系[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2009,49(12):1958-1962.(SHAO W W,YANG D W,SUN F B,et al.Relationship between vegetation cover and water balance in the Loess Plateau[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science&Technology),2009,49(12):1958-1962.(in Chinese))
[6]党素珍,蒋晓辉,董国涛,等.泾河上游流域实际蒸散发变化趋势及成因分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):143-147.(DANG S Z,JIANG X H,DONG G T,et al.Variation of actual evapotranspiration and its causes analysis in the upper reaches of the Jinghe River basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(2):143-147.(in Chinese)).DOI:1005-3409(2016)02-0143-05.
[7]朱非林,王卫光,孙一萌,等.汉江流域实际蒸散发的时空演变规律及成因分析[J].河海大学学报,(自然科学版),2013,41(4):300-306.(ZHU F L,WANG W G,SUN Y M,et al.Spatial and temporal variations of actual evapotranspiration and their causes in Hanjiang River basin[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2013,41(4):300-306.(in Chinese)).DOI:1000-1980.2013.04.004.
[8] ZOU M,NIU J,KANG S,et al.The contribution of human agricultural activities to increasing evapotranspiration is significantly greater than climate change effect over Heihe agricultural region[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):1-14.DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-08952-5.
[9] DROOGERS P.Estimating actual evapotranspiration using a detailed agro-hydrological model[J].Journal of Hydrology,2000,229(1):50-58.DOI:10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00198-5.
[10] FANG X,REN L,LI Q,et al.Estimating and validating basin-scale actual evapotranspiration using MODIS images and hydrologic models[J].Hydrology Research,2012,43(1-2):156-168.DOI:10.2166/nh.2011.129
[11] Roderick M L,Farquhar G D.A simple framework for relating variations in runoff to variations in climatic conditions and catchment properties[J].Water Resources Research,2011,47(12):667-671.DOI:10.1029/2010WR009826.
[12] YANG D,SUN F,LIU Z,et al.Analyzing spatial and temporal variability of annual water‐energy balance in nonhumid regions of China using the Budyko hypothesis[J].Water Resources Research,2007,43(4):436-451.
[13] YANG D,SUN F,LIU Z,et al.Interpreting the complementary relationship in non‐humid environments based on the Budyko and Penman hypotheses[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2006,33(18):122-140.
[14]赵安周,刘宪锋,朱秀芳,等.2000-2014年黄土高原植被覆盖时空变化特征及其归因[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(5):1568-1578.(ZHAO A Z,LIU X F,ZHU X F,et al.Spatiotemporal analyses and associated driving forces of vegetation coverage change in the Loess Plateau[J].China Environment Science,2016,36(5):1568-1578.(in Chinese)).DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2016.05.043.
[15] JIN M L,DICKINSON R E.Land surface skin temperature climatology:benefitting from the strengths of satellite observations[J].Environmental Research Letters,2010,5(4):186-199.
[16] ZHANG L,DAWES W R,WALLKERG R.Response of mean annual evapotranspiration to vegetation changes at catchment scale[J].Water Resources Research,2001,37(3):701-708.
[17] YANG D W,SHAO W W,YEH J F,et al.Impact of vegetation coverage on regional water balance in the nonhumid regions of China[J].Water Resources Research,2009,45(7):450-455.DOI:10.1029/2008WR006948.
[18]孙福宝,杨大文,刘志雨,等.基于Budyko假设的黄河流域水热耦合平衡规律研究[J].水利学报,2007,38(4):409-416.(SUN F B,YANG D W,LIU Z Y,et al.Study on coupled water-energy balance in the Yellow River basin based on Budyko hypothesis[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(4):409-416.(in Chinese)).DOI:0559-9350(2007)05-0409-08.
[19]杨大文,张树磊,徐翔宇.基于水热耦合平衡方程的黄河流域径流变化归因分析[J].中国科学:技术科学.2015,45(10):1024-1034.(YANG D W,ZHANG S L,XU X Y.Study on coupled water-energy balance in the Yellow River basin based on Budyko hypothesis[J].Scientia Sinica Technologica,2015,45(10):1024-1034.(in Chinese))DOI:10.1360/N092015-00013.
[20]郭志起,王秀茹.河北省地区50年来降水变化特征分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2012,10(3):67-72.(GUO Z Q,WANG X R.Variations of precipitation in recent 50years in Hebei Province[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2012,10(3):67-72.(in Chinese))DOI:1672-1683(2012)03-0067-06.
[21]张荣华.渭河流域蒸散发特征及水量变化分析[D].北京:北京师范大学,2013.(ZHANG R H.Analysis of evapotranspiration characteristics and water quantity variation in Weihe River basin[D].Beijing:Beijing Normal University,2013.(in Chinese))
[22] GAO X,SUN M,ZHAO Q,et al.Actual ET modelling based on the Budyko framework and the sustainability of vegetation water use in the loess plateau[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,579.DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.163.
[23] XU X,YANG D,YANG H,et al.Attribution analysis based on the Budyko hypothesis for detecting the dominant cause of runoff decline in Haihe basin[J].Journal of Hydrology,2014,510(6):530-540.DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.12.052.
[24]MA Z,KANG S,ZHANG L,et al.Analysis of impacts of climate variability and human activity on streamflow for a river basin in arid region of northwest China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2008,352(3-4):239-249.DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.12.022.
[25]董国涛,党素珍,何宏谋,等.基于地表温度和植被指数特征空间的泾河流域土壤水分监测[J].南水北调与水利科技,2014,12(4):11-15.(DONG G T,DANG S Z,HE H M,et al.Monitoring of soil moisture based on land surface temperature and vegetation index feature space in the Jinghe watershed[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2014,12(4):11-15.(in Chinese))DOI:1672-1683(2014)04-0011-05.