草地利用方式对草甸草原植被空间异质性的影响
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摘要
研究不同利用方式下植物群落中物种的分布特征,有助于解释植物在不同利用方式干扰下的演替规律。本研究以内蒙古呼伦贝尔草甸草原为研究对象,通过野外调查,基于幂函数法则,探讨围封、放牧和刈割利用方式下草地植被物种分布状况和群落整体空间分布的变化。结果表明:在放牧和刈割利用及围封下,草甸草原植被物种分布规律符合幂函数法则;与围封相比,放牧增加了群落整体的空间分布异质性,而刈割则降低了这种变化,刈割和放牧草地物种异质性指数高于群落整体异质性指数的物种增多;物种出现频率发生变化,如对糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)种群而言,围封地中糙隐子草的出现频率为0.010,刈割和放牧增加了糙隐子草的出现频率(0.151和0.521),刈割和放牧降低了狭叶青蒿(Artemisia dacunculus)的出现频率(0.132和0.028)。
Understanding the spatial distribution of species in plant communities is important for explaining community succession under different use modes. Here,we investigated the spatial distribution of species and communities under three different use modes( grazing,mowing,and fence) in Hulun Buir meadow grassland in Inner Mongolia by using exponential function based on field survey data. The results showed that the patterns of species distribution well fitted the law of exponential function under all modes. Compared with control,grazing increased and mowing reduced community spatial heterogeneity. The number of species with higher species heterogeneity index than the community heterogeneity index increased under mowing and grazing. Mowing and grazing increased or decreased species frequency. For example,the frequency of Cleistogenes squarrosa was 0.010 in exclosure,0.151 in mowing and 0.521 in grazing. The frequency of Artemisia dacunculu was 0.755 in exclosure,0.132 in mowing and 0.028 in grazing.
Understanding the spatial distribution of species in plant communities is important for explaining community succession under different use modes. Here,we investigated the spatial distribution of species and communities under three different use modes( grazing,mowing,and fence) in Hulun Buir meadow grassland in Inner Mongolia by using exponential function based on field survey data. The results showed that the patterns of species distribution well fitted the law of exponential function under all modes. Compared with control,grazing increased and mowing reduced community spatial heterogeneity. The number of species with higher species heterogeneity index than the community heterogeneity index increased under mowing and grazing. Mowing and grazing increased or decreased species frequency. For example,the frequency of Cleistogenes squarrosa was 0.010 in exclosure,0.151 in mowing and 0.521 in grazing. The frequency of Artemisia dacunculu was 0.755 in exclosure,0.132 in mowing and 0.028 in grazing.
引文
阿依先木·司马义,吐尔逊·哈斯木,祖木拉提·伊布拉音,等.2011.人类活动对土地沙漠化影响的研究---以塔里木河下游为例.水土保持研究,18(1):56-60.
常学礼,吕世海,冯朝阳,等.2015.地形对草甸草原植被生产力分布格局的影响.生态学报,35(10):3339-3348.
程积民,邹厚远.1998.封育刈割放牧对草地植被的影响.水土保持研究,5(1):36-54.
黄琛,张宇,王静,等.2014.不同放牧强度下短花针茅荒漠草原植被的空间异质性.植物生态学报,38(11):1184-1193.
黄振艳,王立柱,乌仁其其格,等.2013.放牧和刈割对呼伦贝尔草甸草原物种多样性的影响.草业科学,30(4):602-605.
胡玉坤,李凯辉,阿德力·麦地,等.2007.天山南坡高寒草地海拔梯度上的植物多样性变化格局.生态学杂志,26(2):182-186.
吕杰,陈俊.2011.不同利用方式下额尔古纳草原群落结构特征的研究---幂乘方法则的应用.草地学报,19(3):388-394.
刘红梅,卫智军,杨静,等.2011.不同放牧制度对荒漠草原短花针茅空间异质性的影响.干旱区资源与环境,25(8):138-143.
刘振国,李镇清.2005a.植物群落中物种小尺度空间结构研究.植物生态学报,29(6):1020-1028.
刘振国,李镇清,Ivan Nijs,等.2005b.糙隐子草种群在不同放牧强度下的小尺度空间格局.草业学报,14(1):11-17.
刘先华,韩苑鸿,李凌浩.1998.放牧率对内蒙古典型草原物种分布空间异质性的影响.草地学报,6(4):293-298.
李哈滨,王政权,王庆成.1998.空间异质性定量研究理论与方法.应用生态学报,9(6):93-99.
李永宏.1988.内蒙古锡林河流域羊草草原和大针茅草原在放牧影响下的分异和趋同.植物生态学与地植物学学报,12(3):27-34.
宁发,徐柱,单贵莲.2008.干扰方式对典型草原土壤理化性质的影响.中国草地学报,30(4):46-50.
孙大帅.2012.不同放牧强度对青藏高原东部高寒草甸植被和土壤影响的研究(博士学位论文).兰州:兰州大学.
孙艳杰,艾长胜.2011.基于切削声和切削力参数融合的刀具磨损状态监测.组合机床与自动化加工技术,(5):42-45.
乌云娜,张凤杰,盐见正卫,等.2011.基于幂函数法则对放牧梯度上种群空间异质性的定量分析.中国沙漠,31(3):689-696.
卫智军,李霞,刘红梅,等.2011.呼伦贝尔草甸草原群落特征对不同放牧制度的响应.中国草地学报,33(1):65-70.
汪诗平,王艳芬.2001.不同放牧率下糙隐子草种群补偿性生长的研究.植物学报,43(4):413-418.
许清涛,黄宁,巴雷,等.2007.不同放牧强度下草地植物格局特征的变化.中国草地学报,29(2):7-12.
杨尚明,金娟,卫智军,等.2015.刈割对呼伦贝尔割草地群落特征的影响.中国草地学报,37(1):90-96.
闫瑞瑞,辛晓平,王旭,等.2014.不同放牧梯度下呼伦贝尔草甸草原土壤碳氮变化及固碳效应.生态学报,36(6):1587-1595.
杨智明,王琴.2007.放牧对草原植物的影响.当代畜牧,46(6):43-45.
盐见正卫,安田泰铺,陈俊.2005.关于放牧草地植被的调查方法.草地学报,13(2):149-158.
张彩琴,张军,李茜若.2015.草地植被生物量动态研究与研究方法评述.生态学杂志,34(4):1143-1151.
章家恩,刘文高,陈景青,等.2005.刈割对牧草地下部根区土壤养分及土壤酶活性的影响.生态环境学报,14(3):387-391.
陳俊,堀良通,塩見正衛,等.2005.半自然草地および森林化した長期放任草地の群集構造.日本草地学会誌,51(2):143-151.
Antonsen H,Olsson PA.2005.Relative importance of burning,mowing and species translocation in the restoration of a former boreal hayfield:Responses of plant diversity and the microbial community.Journal of Applied Ecology,42:337-347.
Conant RT,Paustian K,Elliott ET.2001.Grassland management and conversion into grassland:Effects on soil carbon.Ecological Applications,11:343-355.
Güsewell S.2004.N:P ratios in terrestrial plants:Variation and functional significance.New Phytologist,164:243-266.
Madden LV,Hughes G.1995.Plant disease incidence:Distributions,heterogeneity,and temporal analysis.Annual Review of Phytopathology,33:529-564.
Pickett STA,Kolasa J,Jones CG.2007.Ecological understanding:The nature of theory and the theory of nature.2nd edition.Amsterdam:Academic Press.
常学礼,吕世海,冯朝阳,等.2015.地形对草甸草原植被生产力分布格局的影响.生态学报,35(10):3339-3348.
程积民,邹厚远.1998.封育刈割放牧对草地植被的影响.水土保持研究,5(1):36-54.
黄琛,张宇,王静,等.2014.不同放牧强度下短花针茅荒漠草原植被的空间异质性.植物生态学报,38(11):1184-1193.
黄振艳,王立柱,乌仁其其格,等.2013.放牧和刈割对呼伦贝尔草甸草原物种多样性的影响.草业科学,30(4):602-605.
胡玉坤,李凯辉,阿德力·麦地,等.2007.天山南坡高寒草地海拔梯度上的植物多样性变化格局.生态学杂志,26(2):182-186.
吕杰,陈俊.2011.不同利用方式下额尔古纳草原群落结构特征的研究---幂乘方法则的应用.草地学报,19(3):388-394.
刘红梅,卫智军,杨静,等.2011.不同放牧制度对荒漠草原短花针茅空间异质性的影响.干旱区资源与环境,25(8):138-143.
刘振国,李镇清.2005a.植物群落中物种小尺度空间结构研究.植物生态学报,29(6):1020-1028.
刘振国,李镇清,Ivan Nijs,等.2005b.糙隐子草种群在不同放牧强度下的小尺度空间格局.草业学报,14(1):11-17.
刘先华,韩苑鸿,李凌浩.1998.放牧率对内蒙古典型草原物种分布空间异质性的影响.草地学报,6(4):293-298.
李哈滨,王政权,王庆成.1998.空间异质性定量研究理论与方法.应用生态学报,9(6):93-99.
李永宏.1988.内蒙古锡林河流域羊草草原和大针茅草原在放牧影响下的分异和趋同.植物生态学与地植物学学报,12(3):27-34.
宁发,徐柱,单贵莲.2008.干扰方式对典型草原土壤理化性质的影响.中国草地学报,30(4):46-50.
孙大帅.2012.不同放牧强度对青藏高原东部高寒草甸植被和土壤影响的研究(博士学位论文).兰州:兰州大学.
孙艳杰,艾长胜.2011.基于切削声和切削力参数融合的刀具磨损状态监测.组合机床与自动化加工技术,(5):42-45.
乌云娜,张凤杰,盐见正卫,等.2011.基于幂函数法则对放牧梯度上种群空间异质性的定量分析.中国沙漠,31(3):689-696.
卫智军,李霞,刘红梅,等.2011.呼伦贝尔草甸草原群落特征对不同放牧制度的响应.中国草地学报,33(1):65-70.
汪诗平,王艳芬.2001.不同放牧率下糙隐子草种群补偿性生长的研究.植物学报,43(4):413-418.
许清涛,黄宁,巴雷,等.2007.不同放牧强度下草地植物格局特征的变化.中国草地学报,29(2):7-12.
杨尚明,金娟,卫智军,等.2015.刈割对呼伦贝尔割草地群落特征的影响.中国草地学报,37(1):90-96.
闫瑞瑞,辛晓平,王旭,等.2014.不同放牧梯度下呼伦贝尔草甸草原土壤碳氮变化及固碳效应.生态学报,36(6):1587-1595.
杨智明,王琴.2007.放牧对草原植物的影响.当代畜牧,46(6):43-45.
盐见正卫,安田泰铺,陈俊.2005.关于放牧草地植被的调查方法.草地学报,13(2):149-158.
张彩琴,张军,李茜若.2015.草地植被生物量动态研究与研究方法评述.生态学杂志,34(4):1143-1151.
章家恩,刘文高,陈景青,等.2005.刈割对牧草地下部根区土壤养分及土壤酶活性的影响.生态环境学报,14(3):387-391.
陳俊,堀良通,塩見正衛,等.2005.半自然草地および森林化した長期放任草地の群集構造.日本草地学会誌,51(2):143-151.
Antonsen H,Olsson PA.2005.Relative importance of burning,mowing and species translocation in the restoration of a former boreal hayfield:Responses of plant diversity and the microbial community.Journal of Applied Ecology,42:337-347.
Conant RT,Paustian K,Elliott ET.2001.Grassland management and conversion into grassland:Effects on soil carbon.Ecological Applications,11:343-355.
Güsewell S.2004.N:P ratios in terrestrial plants:Variation and functional significance.New Phytologist,164:243-266.
Madden LV,Hughes G.1995.Plant disease incidence:Distributions,heterogeneity,and temporal analysis.Annual Review of Phytopathology,33:529-564.
Pickett STA,Kolasa J,Jones CG.2007.Ecological understanding:The nature of theory and the theory of nature.2nd edition.Amsterdam:Academic Press.