农业景观两栖类生物完整性指数与栖息地特征关系
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摘要
以黄河下游农业地区封丘县为研究区,对31个池塘中的两栖类生物和环境变量进行调查,通过判别分析和相关分析,构建了两栖类生物完整性指数(AmphIBI)、植被完整性指数(VIBI)、综合水质指数(CWQI)和景观发展强度指数(LDI),利用三分法对核心指标赋值后求得各指数值,并分析了指数之间的关系.结果显示:AmphIBI与VIBI之间相关关系显著(R2=0.46,p<0.001),VIBI是预测AmphIBI变化的最好指数;CWQI和VIBI之间相关性显著(R2=0.39,p<0.000 1).农业景观中保护两栖类生物,需要特别保护和恢复池塘内及池塘周边的植被,在两栖类繁殖期,保护池塘水生环境和减弱人类活动干扰尤为重要.
In the lower reaches of the Yellow River,due to the Yellow River infiltration and agricultural activities,there are a large number of lentic ponds,which are the important breeding habitats for amphibians.The expansion of agricultural land and enhancement of land intensive utilization cause great pressure on the protection of amphibians.Habitat loss,isolation and fragmentation have potentially important influence on endangered and threatened amphibian species loss.Understanding of what factors influence ponds-breeding amphibians is very necessary for management of amphibian biodiversity.However,little is known about the effects of aquatic habitats on amphibian biodiversity conservation in intensive agricultural landscape.Amphibians play key ecological roles in ecosystem functioning and sustainable agro-ecosystems.The aim of this study is to construct amphibian index of biotic integrity(AmphIBI),vegetation index of biotic integrity(VIBI),comprehensive water quality identification index(CWQI)and landscape development intensity index(LDI),and analyze the relationships between habitat characteristics of agricultural landscape ponds and amphibian index of biotic integrity.Then we could evaluate the effect of agriculturalization on amphibians in agricultural landscape and provide suggestions for amphibian habitat preservation,enhancement and restoration efforts to wetland management agencies.Field surveys of 31 sampling ponds,with different characteristics and disturbance,were conducted from March to June in 2015 and 2016 in Fengqiu County,Henan Province,which is a typical agricultural region in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.We carried out the field survey work including amphibian species distribution survey,plant species survey,water quality parameters and land use surrounding sampling sites.Then based on the investigated data,AmphIBI,VIBI,CWQI and LDI were constructed,and the relationships among these indexes were further discussed.The analytical results show that:There is a significant correlation between AmphIBI and VIBI(R2=0.46,p<0.001)and VIBI is the best index to predict AmphIBI change.The ponds with high VIBI value indicate that the ponds vegetation coverage is relatively high and human activities are relatively slight tending to natural ponds or artificial lotus ponds.The high vegetation coverage inside and around the ponds,and the more diverse microhabitats in the horizontal and vertical direction,could better meet the amphibians survival conditions for amphibian breeding,foraging and escaping predators.There was no significant negative correlation between CWQI,LDI and AmphIBI as expected.We assume that amphibians,which can survive in agricultural landscape,tend to have strong tolerance,especially to the low water quality.Agricultural activities around the ponds often lead to pond areas shrinkage,hydroperiod change,pond isolation and pond pollution.Then it would have a negative impact on the occupation of amphibious ponds and be detrimental to biologic protection of amphibians.It is more important to protect the aquatic environment of the ponds especially in the breeding periods.There is a significant correlation between CWQI and VIBI(R2=0.39,p<0.0001).The CWQI becomes larger with the increase of VIBI,and the ponds water quality tends to be better.For amphibian management,we suggest that conservation efforts should focus on improving the vegetation coverage,protecting the permanent ponds,maintaining good hydrological conditions,reducing human activities and enhancing the functional connectivity among ponds.All these would be an effective strategy to conserve amphibians in agricultural landscape in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.
In the lower reaches of the Yellow River,due to the Yellow River infiltration and agricultural activities,there are a large number of lentic ponds,which are the important breeding habitats for amphibians.The expansion of agricultural land and enhancement of land intensive utilization cause great pressure on the protection of amphibians.Habitat loss,isolation and fragmentation have potentially important influence on endangered and threatened amphibian species loss.Understanding of what factors influence ponds-breeding amphibians is very necessary for management of amphibian biodiversity.However,little is known about the effects of aquatic habitats on amphibian biodiversity conservation in intensive agricultural landscape.Amphibians play key ecological roles in ecosystem functioning and sustainable agro-ecosystems.The aim of this study is to construct amphibian index of biotic integrity(AmphIBI),vegetation index of biotic integrity(VIBI),comprehensive water quality identification index(CWQI)and landscape development intensity index(LDI),and analyze the relationships between habitat characteristics of agricultural landscape ponds and amphibian index of biotic integrity.Then we could evaluate the effect of agriculturalization on amphibians in agricultural landscape and provide suggestions for amphibian habitat preservation,enhancement and restoration efforts to wetland management agencies.Field surveys of 31 sampling ponds,with different characteristics and disturbance,were conducted from March to June in 2015 and 2016 in Fengqiu County,Henan Province,which is a typical agricultural region in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.We carried out the field survey work including amphibian species distribution survey,plant species survey,water quality parameters and land use surrounding sampling sites.Then based on the investigated data,AmphIBI,VIBI,CWQI and LDI were constructed,and the relationships among these indexes were further discussed.The analytical results show that:There is a significant correlation between AmphIBI and VIBI(R2=0.46,p<0.001)and VIBI is the best index to predict AmphIBI change.The ponds with high VIBI value indicate that the ponds vegetation coverage is relatively high and human activities are relatively slight tending to natural ponds or artificial lotus ponds.The high vegetation coverage inside and around the ponds,and the more diverse microhabitats in the horizontal and vertical direction,could better meet the amphibians survival conditions for amphibian breeding,foraging and escaping predators.There was no significant negative correlation between CWQI,LDI and AmphIBI as expected.We assume that amphibians,which can survive in agricultural landscape,tend to have strong tolerance,especially to the low water quality.Agricultural activities around the ponds often lead to pond areas shrinkage,hydroperiod change,pond isolation and pond pollution.Then it would have a negative impact on the occupation of amphibious ponds and be detrimental to biologic protection of amphibians.It is more important to protect the aquatic environment of the ponds especially in the breeding periods.There is a significant correlation between CWQI and VIBI(R2=0.39,p<0.0001).The CWQI becomes larger with the increase of VIBI,and the ponds water quality tends to be better.For amphibian management,we suggest that conservation efforts should focus on improving the vegetation coverage,protecting the permanent ponds,maintaining good hydrological conditions,reducing human activities and enhancing the functional connectivity among ponds.All these would be an effective strategy to conserve amphibians in agricultural landscape in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.
引文
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[3]STUART S N,CHANSON J S,COX N A,et al.Status and trends of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide[J].Science,2004,306:1783-1786.
[4]STOTT P,HECNAR S J,M′CLOSKEY R T.Species richness patterns of amphibians in Southwestern Ontario Ponds[J].Journal of Biogeography,2010,25(4):763-772.
[5]KNUTSON M G,RICHARDSON W B,REINEKE D M,et al.Agricultural ponds support amphibian populations[J].Ecological Applications,2004,14(3):669-684.
[6]徐士霞,王跃招,李旭东.两栖动物在环境污染生物监测中的应用前景[J].应用与环境生物学报,2004,10(6):816-820.XU S X,WANG Y Z,LI X D.Application and prospects of amphibian for environmental pollution biomonitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2004,10(6):816-820.
[7]廖静秋,黄艺.应用生物完整性指数评价水生态系统健康的研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):295-302.LIAO J Q,HUANG Y.Research progress on using index of biological integrity to assess aquatic ecosystem health[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(1):295-302.
[8]DEKEYSER E S,KIRBY D R,ELL M J.An index of plant community integrity:Development of the methodology for assessing prairie wetland plant communities[J].Ecological Indicators,2004,3(2):119-133.
[9]MOORE M J C,LANGREHR H A,ANGRADI T R.A submersed macrophyte index of condition for the Upper Mississippi River[J].Ecological Indicators,2012,13(1):196-205.
[10]陈展,林波,尚鹤,等.适应白洋淀湿地健康评价的IBI方法[J].生态学报,2012,32(21):6619-6627.CHEN Z,LIN B,SHANG H,et al.An index of biological integrity:Developing the methodology for assessing the health of the Baiyangdian Wetland[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(21):6619-6627.
[11]朱迪,常剑波.长江中游浅水湖泊生物完整性时空变化[J].生态学报,2004,24(12):2761-2767.ZHU D,CHANG J B.Evaluation on temporal and spatial changes of biological integrity for shallow lakes in the Middle Reach of the Yangtze River[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(12):2761-2767.
[12]蔡琨,秦春燕,李继影,等.基于浮游植物生物完整性指数的湖泊生态系统评价:以2012年冬季太湖为例[J].生态学报,2016,36(5):1431-1441.CAI K,QIN C Y,LI J Y,et al.Preliminary study on phytoplanktonic index of biotic integrity(P-IBI)assessment for lake ecosystem health:A case of Taihu Lake in winter,2012[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(5):1431-1441.
[13]王备新,杨莲芳,胡本进,等.应用底栖动物完整性指数B-IBI评价溪流健康[J].生态学报,2005,25(6):1481-1490.WANG B X,YANG L F,HU B J,et al.A preliminary study on the assessment of stream ecosystem health in south of Anhui Province using benthic-index of biotic integrity[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(6):1481-1490.
[14]池仕运,竺维佳,施练东,等.应用底栖动物完整性指数评价水源地水库溪流健康状态[J].水生态学杂志,2012,33(2):17-25.CHI S Y,ZHU W J,SHI L D,et al.The use of benthic index of biotic integrity(B-IBI)to assess the stream health in the upper watershed of reservoir-based water resources area[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2012,33(2):17-25.
[15]KARR J R.Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities[J].Fisheries,1981,6:21-27.
[16]MICACCHION M,STAPANIAN M A,ADAMS J V.Site-scale disturbance and habitat development best predict an index of amphibian biotic integrity in Ohio Shrub and Forested Wetlands[J].Wetlands,2015,35(3):509-519.
[17]MACK J,AVDIS N H,BRAIGIV E,et al.Application of a vegetation-based index of biotic integrity for lake erie coastal marshes in Ohio[J].Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management,2008,11(1):91-104.
[18]徐丽婷,阳文静,吴燕平,等.基于植被完整性指数的鄱阳湖湿地生态健康评价[J].生态学报,2017,37(15):5102-5110.XU L T,YANG W J,WU Y P,et al.Assessing the ecological health of Poyang Lake wetland using a vegetation-based index of biotic integrity(V-IBI)[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(15):5102-5110.
[19]STAPANIAN M A,MACK J,ADAMS J V,et al.Disturbance metrics predict a wetland vegetation index of biozic integrity[J].Ecological Indicators,2013,24(24):120-126.
[20]张欢,纪桂霞.综合水质标识指数法在公园湖泊水质评价中的应用[J].水资源与水工程学报,2012,23(2):146-150.ZHANG H,JI G X.Application of comprehensive water quality identification index method to water quality assessment of park lakes[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2012,23(2):146-150.
[21]汪红军,彭建华,梁开封.综合水质标识指数法在水库水质评价中的应用[J].人民长江,2007,38(1):92-94.WANG H J,PENG J H,LIANG K F.Application of comprehensive water quality labeling index method in assessment of reservoir water quality[J].Yangtze River,2007,38(1):92-94.
[22]MACK J J.Landscape as a predictor of wetland condition:An evaluation of the landscape development index(LDI)with a large reference wetland dataset from Ohio[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2006,120(1-3):221-241.
[23]于凤兰,陆宇燕.中国特有两栖类受胁现状分析[J].四川动物,2006,25(2):323-325.YU F L,LU Y Y.On the status of threatened Chinese endemic amphibians[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology,2006,25(2):323-325.
[24]瞿文元,路纪琪.河南省两栖爬行动物多样性与保护[J].四川动物,1998,17(2):81-82.QU W Y,LU J Q.Herpetodiversity in Henan Province and conservation[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology,1998,17(2):81-82.
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