考虑结构性和主应力轴偏转的黄土填料挡土墙地震被动土压力研究
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摘要
针对黄土地区现有的地震荷载作用下挡土墙土压力计算方法中的不足,进行了4个含水量和3个围压的平面应变试验,首次建立了平面应变强度参数与结构性的关系,扩展了被动状态下考虑应力主轴偏转的粘性土侧土压力系数计算公式,采用水平微分层分析方法,提出了一种地震作用下同时考虑黄土结构性和主应力轴偏转的挡土墙被动土压力计算方法。参数分析结果表明平面应变条件下地震被动土压力均大于三轴条件下,结构性土地震被动土压力大于无结构性土,墙土面有摩擦时地震被动土压力大于墙土面光滑时;地震被动土压力随水平和竖向地震加速度系数的增大而减小、随摩擦角、均布荷载、墙土摩擦角、粘聚力、构度指标的增大而增大。黄土地区地震被动土压力计算应综合考虑平面应变强度参数、结构性和墙土摩擦效应的影响。
There are some drawbacks about the method of existed seismic passive earth pressure calculation in loess areas. Plane strain tests with four water contents and three confining pressures are conducted,the relationship between strength parameters and structure of loess is firstly established here. Formula of lateral earth pressure coefficient considering deflection of stress principal axis is extended in the passive state of cohesive soil. The new calculating method of seismic passive earth pressure simultaneously considering the structure and deflection of principal stress is put forward through horizontal slices analysis. The parametric analysis show the seismic passive earth pressure in the plane strain or having the structure of soil condition is larger than that in triaxial or without structure of soil condition. Friction of soil-wall interface makes seismic passive earth pressure increasing. With the increasing of the horizontal and vertical seismic acceleration coefficients,the seismic passive earth pressure is gradually decreasing. The contrary effects are produced in the friction angle,uniform load,friction angle in the interface of wall and soil,cohesion and structural index. The influence of the strength parameters of plane strain,the structure of soil and the effect of wall-soil friction should be taken into consideration in the calculation of the dynamic earthpressure of the earthquake in the loess area.
There are some drawbacks about the method of existed seismic passive earth pressure calculation in loess areas. Plane strain tests with four water contents and three confining pressures are conducted,the relationship between strength parameters and structure of loess is firstly established here. Formula of lateral earth pressure coefficient considering deflection of stress principal axis is extended in the passive state of cohesive soil. The new calculating method of seismic passive earth pressure simultaneously considering the structure and deflection of principal stress is put forward through horizontal slices analysis. The parametric analysis show the seismic passive earth pressure in the plane strain or having the structure of soil condition is larger than that in triaxial or without structure of soil condition. Friction of soil-wall interface makes seismic passive earth pressure increasing. With the increasing of the horizontal and vertical seismic acceleration coefficients,the seismic passive earth pressure is gradually decreasing. The contrary effects are produced in the friction angle,uniform load,friction angle in the interface of wall and soil,cohesion and structural index. The influence of the strength parameters of plane strain,the structure of soil and the effect of wall-soil friction should be taken into consideration in the calculation of the dynamic earthpressure of the earthquake in the loess area.
引文
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[17]邓国华.真三轴条件下黄土的结构性参数及结构性本构关系研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2009:52-68.DENG Guahua.Reserch on structure parameter of loess and structure constitutive relations under true tri-axial condition[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,2009:52-68.(in Chinese)
[18]Shao S,Wang Q,Luo A,et al.True triaxial apparatus with rigid-flexible-flexible boundary and remolded loess testing[J].Journal of Testing and Evaluation,2017,45(3):1-10.
[19]陶虎.黄土的构度及其描述结构性渐变过程的本构模型研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2012:44-48.TAO Hu.Research on structural index and constitutive relationship described for the structural damage process of loess[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,2012:44-48.(in Chinese)
[20]涂兵雄,贾金青.考虑土拱效应的黏性填土挡土墙主动土压力研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(5):1064-1070.TU Bingxiong,JIA Jinqing.Research on active earth pressure behind rigid retaining wall from clayey backfill considering soil arching effects[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(5):1064-1070.(in Chinese)
[21]Choudhury D,Rao K S S.Seismic passive resistance in soils for negative wall friction[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2002,39(4):971-981.
[2]Fang Y S,Ho Y C,Chen T J.Passive Earth Pressure with Critical State Concept[J].Journal of Geotechnical&Geoenvironmental Engineering,2002,128(8):651-659.
[3]Okabe,S.General theory on earth pressure and seismic stability of retaining wall and dam[J].J.Japan.Sot.Ciu.Engng,1924,10(5):1277-1323.
[4]Mononobe N,Matsuo H.On the determination of earthquake pressure during earthquakes[C]//Proceedings of World Engineering Congress.Tokyo,Japan:[s.n.],1929:179-187.
[5]Jyant Kumar.Seismic passive earth pressure coefficients for sands[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2001,38(4):876-881.
[6]Subba Rao K S,Deepankar Choudhury.Seismic passive earth pressures in soils[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2005,131(1):131-135.
[7]Mylonakis G,Kloukinas P,Papantonopoulos C.An alternative to the Mononobe-Okabe equations for seismic earth pressures[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2007,27:957-969.
[8]Caltabiano S,Cascone E,Maugeri M.Static and seismic limit equilibrium analysis of sliding retaining walls under different surcharge conditions[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2012,37:38-55.
[9]杨剑,高玉峰,程永锋,等.地震条件下倾斜挡土墙被动土压力研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(9):1391-1397.YANG Jian,GAO Yufeng,CHENG Yongfeng,et al.Pressive earth pressure of inclined retaining walls under seismic condition[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(9):1391-1397.(in Chinese)
[10]林宇亮,杨果林,赵炼恒,等.地震动土压力水平层分析法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(12):2581-2591.LIN Yuliang,YANG Guolin,ZHAO Lianheng,et al.Horizontal slices analysis method for seimic earth pressure calculation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(12):2581-2591.(in Chinese)
[11]张国祥,张洪彬,安关峰.地震条件下被动土压力及其分布分析的新方法[J].铁道工程学报,2014,31(9):8-12.ZHANG Guoxiang,ZHANG Hongbin,AN Guanfeng.New analysis method of seismic passive earth pressure earth pressure and its distribution on a retaining wall[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2014,31(9):8-12.(in Chinese)
[12]周亦涛,陈福全.考虑土拱效应的非垂直挡墙地震主动土压力[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(7):1452-1461.ZHOU Yitao,CHEN Fuquan.Seimic active earth pressure for non-vertical rigid retaining wall considering soil arching effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(7):1452-1461.(in Chinese)
[13]侯键,夏唐代,陈炜昀,孔祥冰.考虑土拱效应的挡土墙地震主动土压力静力研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013(增刊):2825-2832.HOU Jian,XIA Tangdai,CHEN Weiyun,KONG Xiangbing.Static sdudy of seismic active earth pressure on retaining walls considering soil arching effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013(S1):2825-2832.(in Chinese)
[14]曹文冉,陈轩.挡土墙地震主动土压力及其分布形式研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2016,36(5):177-182.CAO wenran,CHEN Xuan.Study on seismic active earth pressure and its distribution of retaining wall[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2016,36(5):177-182.(in Chinese)
[15]谢定义,齐吉琳.土结构性及其定量化参数研究的新途径[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(6):651-656.XIE Dingyi,QI Jilin.Soil structure characteristics and new approach in research on its quantitative parameter[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1999,21(6):651-656.(in Chinese)
[16]邵生俊,郑文,王正泓,等.黄土的构度指标及其试验确定方法[J].岩土力学,2010,31(1):15-19.SHAO Shengjun,ZHENG Wen,WANG Zhenghong,et al.Structural index of loess and its testing method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(1):15-19.(in Chinese)
[17]邓国华.真三轴条件下黄土的结构性参数及结构性本构关系研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2009:52-68.DENG Guahua.Reserch on structure parameter of loess and structure constitutive relations under true tri-axial condition[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,2009:52-68.(in Chinese)
[18]Shao S,Wang Q,Luo A,et al.True triaxial apparatus with rigid-flexible-flexible boundary and remolded loess testing[J].Journal of Testing and Evaluation,2017,45(3):1-10.
[19]陶虎.黄土的构度及其描述结构性渐变过程的本构模型研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2012:44-48.TAO Hu.Research on structural index and constitutive relationship described for the structural damage process of loess[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,2012:44-48.(in Chinese)
[20]涂兵雄,贾金青.考虑土拱效应的黏性填土挡土墙主动土压力研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(5):1064-1070.TU Bingxiong,JIA Jinqing.Research on active earth pressure behind rigid retaining wall from clayey backfill considering soil arching effects[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(5):1064-1070.(in Chinese)
[21]Choudhury D,Rao K S S.Seismic passive resistance in soils for negative wall friction[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2002,39(4):971-981.