东北地区典型暴雨个例的水汽输送特征分析
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摘要
利用NCEP 1°×1°的GDAS资料同时引入基于拉格朗日方法的轨迹模式(HYSPLIT v4.9),选取了东北地区2009年6月27日至7月1日的冷涡暴雨个例、2010年8月19-22日切变暴雨个例、2013年8月14-17日气旋暴雨个例和2012年8月27-30日的台风暴雨个例,模拟计算了四个个例的水汽输送通道以及不同源地的水汽贡献。结果表明:四个暴雨个例的水汽输送通道基本有两支:一支是南海或西太平洋的海上水汽输送,另一支是西北气流的水汽输送。不同天气系统造成的典型暴雨个例的水汽输送特征各有差异。冷涡暴雨个例中,42.1%的水汽贡献来自于西太平洋和南海附近,鄂霍次克海附近的水汽亦有一定的补充,西北气流和海上水汽各约占50%;切变暴雨个例和气旋暴雨个例水汽输送较相近,以西太平洋和南海的水汽输送为主体,西北气流水汽比重减少,另外切变暴雨有局地水汽的贡献;台风暴雨个例中,北太平洋和黄海、渤海水汽是本次台风暴雨水汽主要来源。降水量的大小和分布的密集程度与海上水汽的贡献率密切相关。
Using the NCEP GDAS( 1°×1°) data and the airflowtrajectory model based on the Lagrangian method( HYSPLIT_4.9),the cold vortex rainstorm case from June 27 to July 1 in 2009,the shear rainstorm case from August 19 to 22 in 2010,the cyclone rainstorm case from August 14 to 17 in 2013 and the typhoon rainstorm case from August 27 to 30 in 2012 were selected in Northeast China. The variation features of the water vapor transport passages and the contribution rate of water vapor from different sources of these four rainstorms were simulating calculated. Results showthat there are basically two water vapor transport channels in the four rainstorm cases,one comes from South China Sea or the western Pacific,the other is the northwest flow. The characteristics of typical rainstorms in different weather systems are different. In the case of cold vortex,42.1%of the water vapor contribution comes from the western Pacific and the South China Sea,and the water vapor near the Okhotsk Sea is also supplemented. The northwest airflowand the sea water vapor account for about50%. The heavy rain of shear is similar with cyclone. The West Pacific and South China Sea passages of water vapor transportation account for the main part and the decreasing proportion of water vapor is from northwest. In the case of shear rainstorm,a small percentage comes from local areas. In the typhoon rainstorm,the main source of water vapor is from North Pacific,YellowSea and Bohai Sea. The magnitude and distribution of precipitation are closely related to the contribution rate of sea water vapor.
Using the NCEP GDAS( 1°×1°) data and the airflowtrajectory model based on the Lagrangian method( HYSPLIT_4.9),the cold vortex rainstorm case from June 27 to July 1 in 2009,the shear rainstorm case from August 19 to 22 in 2010,the cyclone rainstorm case from August 14 to 17 in 2013 and the typhoon rainstorm case from August 27 to 30 in 2012 were selected in Northeast China. The variation features of the water vapor transport passages and the contribution rate of water vapor from different sources of these four rainstorms were simulating calculated. Results showthat there are basically two water vapor transport channels in the four rainstorm cases,one comes from South China Sea or the western Pacific,the other is the northwest flow. The characteristics of typical rainstorms in different weather systems are different. In the case of cold vortex,42.1%of the water vapor contribution comes from the western Pacific and the South China Sea,and the water vapor near the Okhotsk Sea is also supplemented. The northwest airflowand the sea water vapor account for about50%. The heavy rain of shear is similar with cyclone. The West Pacific and South China Sea passages of water vapor transportation account for the main part and the decreasing proportion of water vapor is from northwest. In the case of shear rainstorm,a small percentage comes from local areas. In the typhoon rainstorm,the main source of water vapor is from North Pacific,YellowSea and Bohai Sea. The magnitude and distribution of precipitation are closely related to the contribution rate of sea water vapor.
引文
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孙军,代刊,樊利强.2011.2010年7-8月东北地区强降雨过程分析和预报技术探讨[J].气象,37(7):785-794.Sun Jun,Dai Kan,Fan Liqiang.2011.Analysis and forecasting technology on the heavy rainfall processes in the Northeast China during July to August 2010[J].M eteor M onth,37(7):785-794.
孙力,安刚.2001.1998年松嫩流域东北冷涡大暴雨过程的诊断分析[J].大气科学,25(3):342-354.Sun Li,An Gang.2001.Adiagnostic study of northeast cold vortex heavy rain over the Songhuajiang-Nenjiang River Basin in the Summer of 1998[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,25(3):342-354.
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孙力,隋波,王晓明,等.2010.我国东北地区夏季暴雨的气候学特征[J].气候与环境研究,15(6):778-786.Sun Li,Sui Bo,Wang Xiaoming,et al.2010.Climatic characteristics of the summer hard rain in the Northeastern Part of China[J].Climatic Environ Res,15(6):778-786.
陶亦为.2012.2012年8月大气环流和天气分析[J].气象,38(11):1429-1435.Tao Yiw ei.2012.Analysis of the August 2012 atmospheric circulation and w eather[J].M eteor M on,38(11):1429-1435.
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魏铁鑫,缪启龙,段春锋,等.2015.近50a东北冷涡暴雨水汽源地分布及其水汽贡献率分析[J].气象科学,35(1):60-65.Wei Tiexin,M iao Qilong,Duan Chunfeng,et al.2015.Water vapor sources distribution of cold eddy rainstorm in northeast China and its contribution analysis in recent fifty years[J].J M eteor Sci,35(1):60-65.
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杨舒楠,何立富.2013.2013年8月大气环流和天气分析[J].气象,39(11):1521-1528.Yang Shunan,He Lifu.2013.Analysis of atmosphere circulation and w eather in August 2013[J].M eteor M on,39(11):1521-1528.
杨小银,宋广宁,付培健.2013.“5·10”岷县暴雨灾害天气过程的数值模拟和诊断分析[J].高原气象,32(3):798-805.Yang Xiaoyin,Song Guangning,Fu Peijian.2013.Simulation and diagnostic analysis of‘5·10’rainstorm disaster w eather process in M inxian of Gansu[J].Plateau M eteor,32(3):798-805.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00031.
袁美英,李泽椿,张小玲.2010.东北地区一次短时大暴雨β中尺度对流系统分析[J].气象学报,68(1):125-136.Yuan Meiying,Li Zechun,Zhang Xiaoling.2010.Analysis of a meso-scale convective system during a brief torrential rain event in Northeast China[J].Acta M eteor Sinica,68(1):125-136.
张庆云,陶诗言,张顺利.2001.1998年嫩江、松花江流域持续性暴雨的环流条件[J].大气科学,25(4):567-576.Zhang Qingyun,Tao Shiyan,Zhang Shunli.2001.A study of excessively heavy rainfall in the Songhuajiang-Nenjiang River Valley in 1998[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,25(4):567-576.
邹立尧,丁一汇.2010.1961 2005年东北暴雨气候特征分析[J]高原气象,29(5):1314-1321.Zou Lirao,Ding Yihui.2010.Characteristics of rainstrom in Northeast China in 1961 2005[J].Plateau M eteor,29(5):1314-1321.
Draxler R R,Hess G D.1998.An overview of the HYSPLIT_4 M odeling System for trajectories,dispersion and deposition[J].Australian meteorological magazine,47:295-308.
Gimeno L,Drumond A,Nieto R,et al.2010.On the origin of continental precipitation[J].Geophys Res Lett,37(13):L13804.Doi:10.1029/2010GL043712.
James P,Stohl A,Spichtinger N,et al.2004.Climatological aspects of the extreme European rainfall of August 2002 and a trajectory method for estimating the associated evaporative source regions[J].Nat Hazards Earth Sys Sci,4(5-6):733-746.
Zhao Sixiong,Sun Jianhua.2007.Study on cut-off low pressure Systems Causing flood in northeast Asia[J].M eteor Atmos Phys,96:159-180.
陈斌,徐祥德,施晓晖.2011.拉格朗日方法诊断2007年7月中国东部系列极端降水的水汽输送路径及其可能蒸发源区[J].气象学报,69(5):810-818.Chen Bin,Xu Xiangde,Shi Xiaohui.2011.Estimating the w ater vapor transport pathw ays and associated sources of w ater vapor for the extreme rainfall event over east of China in July 2007 using the Lagrangian method[J].Acta M eteor Sinica,69(5):810-818.
陈力强,陈受钧,周小珊,等.2005.东北冷涡诱发的一次MCS结构特征数值模拟[J].气象学报,63(2):173-183.Chen Liqiang,Chen Shoujun,Zhou Xiaoshan,et al.2005.A numerical study of the M CS in a cold vortex over Northeastern China[J].Acta M eteor Sinica,63(2):173-183.
崔绚.2009.高温天气范围大,东北地区降水多(2009年6月)[J].气象,35(9):119-123.Cui Xuan.2009.The range of high temperature is large and precipitation in northeast China is much(June2009)[J].M eteor M on,35(9):119-123.
江志红,梁卓然,刘征宇,等.2011.2007年淮河流域强降水过程的水汽输送特征分析[J].大气科学,35(2):361-372.Jiang Zhihong,Liang Zhuoran,Liu Zhengyu,et al.2011.A diagnostic study of w ater vapor transport and budget during heavy precipitation over the Huaihe River Basin in 2007[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,35(2):361-372.
江志红,任伟,刘征宇,等.2013.基于拉格朗日方法的江淮梅雨水汽输送特征分析[J].气象学报,71(2):295-304.Jiang Zhihong,Ren Wei,Liu Zhengyu,et al.2013.Analysis of w ater vapor transport characteristics during the M eiyu over the YangtzeHuaihe River valley using the Lagrangian method[J].Acta M eteor Sinica,71(2):295-304.
李江萍,杜亮亮,张宇,等.2012.玛曲地区夏季强降水的环流分型及水汽轨迹分析[J].高原气象,31(6):1582-1590.Li Jiangping,Du Liangliang,Zhang Yu,et al.2012.Analysis on circulation pattern and w ater vapor source of heavy precipitation in M aqu Region.[J].Plateau M eteor,31(6):1582-1590.
刘英,王东海,张中锋,等.2012.东北冷涡的结构及其演变特征的个例综合分析[J].气象学报,70(3):354-370.Liu Ying,Wang Donghai,Zhang Zhongfeng,et al.2012.A comprehensive analysis of the structure of a northeast China-old-Vortex and its characteristics of evolution[J].Acta M eteor Sinica,70(3):354-370.
乔枫雪,赵思雄,孙建华.2007.一次引发暴雨的东北低涡的涡度和水汽收支分析[J].气候与环境研究,12(3):397-412.Qiao Fengxue,Zhao Sixiong,Sun Jianhua.2007.Study of the vorticity and moisture budget of a northeast vortex producing heavy rainfall[J].Climatic Environ Res,12(3):397-412.
寿亦萱,许健民.2007."05.6"东北暴雨中尺度对流系统研究Ⅰ:常规资料和卫星资料分析[J].气象学报,65(2):160-170.Shou Yixuan,Xu Jianmin.2007.The rainstorm and mesoscale convective systems over Northeast China in June 2005Ⅰ:A synthetic analysis of M CS by conventional observations and satellite data[J].Acta M eteor Sinica,65(2):160-170.
孙军,代刊,樊利强.2011.2010年7-8月东北地区强降雨过程分析和预报技术探讨[J].气象,37(7):785-794.Sun Jun,Dai Kan,Fan Liqiang.2011.Analysis and forecasting technology on the heavy rainfall processes in the Northeast China during July to August 2010[J].M eteor M onth,37(7):785-794.
孙力,安刚.2001.1998年松嫩流域东北冷涡大暴雨过程的诊断分析[J].大气科学,25(3):342-354.Sun Li,An Gang.2001.Adiagnostic study of northeast cold vortex heavy rain over the Songhuajiang-Nenjiang River Basin in the Summer of 1998[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,25(3):342-354.
孙力,马梁臣,沈柏竹,等.2016.2010年7~8月东北地区暴雨过程的水汽输送特征分析[J].大气科学,40(3):630-646.Sun Li,M a Liangchen,Shen Baizhu,et al.2016.A diagnostic study of w ater vapor transport and budget of heavy rainfall over Northeast China during July to August 2010[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,40(3):630-646.
孙力,隋波,王晓明,等.2010.我国东北地区夏季暴雨的气候学特征[J].气候与环境研究,15(6):778-786.Sun Li,Sui Bo,Wang Xiaoming,et al.2010.Climatic characteristics of the summer hard rain in the Northeastern Part of China[J].Climatic Environ Res,15(6):778-786.
陶亦为.2012.2012年8月大气环流和天气分析[J].气象,38(11):1429-1435.Tao Yiw ei.2012.Analysis of the August 2012 atmospheric circulation and w eather[J].M eteor M on,38(11):1429-1435.
田红瑛,田文寿,雒佳丽,等.2014.青藏高原地区上对流层-下平流层区域水汽分布和变化特征[J].高原气象,33(1):1-13.Tian Hongying,Tian Wenshou,Luo Jiali,et al.2014.Characteristics of w ater vapor distribution and variation in upper troposphere and low er stratosphere over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Plateau M eteor,33(1):1-13.Doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00074.
王东海,杨帅,钟水新,等.2009.切变风螺旋度和热成风螺旋度在东北冷涡暴雨中的应用[J].大气科学,33(6):1238-1246.Wang Donghai,Yang Shuai,Zhong Shuixin,et al.2009.The application of shearing w ind helicity and thermal w ind helicity in northeastern cold vortex rainfall event[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,33(6):1238-1246.
王培,沈新勇,高守亭.2012.一次东北冷涡过程的数值模拟与降水分析[J].大气科学,36(1):130-144.Wang Pei,Shen Xinyong,Gao Shouting.2012.A numerical study and rainfall analysis of a cold vortex process over Northeast China[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,36(1):130-144.
魏铁鑫,缪启龙,段春锋,等.2015.近50a东北冷涡暴雨水汽源地分布及其水汽贡献率分析[J].气象科学,35(1):60-65.Wei Tiexin,M iao Qilong,Duan Chunfeng,et al.2015.Water vapor sources distribution of cold eddy rainstorm in northeast China and its contribution analysis in recent fifty years[J].J M eteor Sci,35(1):60-65.
许秀红,王承伟,石定朴,等.2000.1998年盛夏嫩江、松花江流域暴雨过程中尺度雨团特征[J].气象,26(10):35-40.Xu Xiuhong,Wang Chengw ei,Shi Dingpu,et al.2000.The features of M eso-scale Rain Clusters over Nenjiang and Songhuajiang in 1998[J].Meteor Mon,26(10):35-40.
杨舒楠,何立富.2013.2013年8月大气环流和天气分析[J].气象,39(11):1521-1528.Yang Shunan,He Lifu.2013.Analysis of atmosphere circulation and w eather in August 2013[J].M eteor M on,39(11):1521-1528.
杨小银,宋广宁,付培健.2013.“5·10”岷县暴雨灾害天气过程的数值模拟和诊断分析[J].高原气象,32(3):798-805.Yang Xiaoyin,Song Guangning,Fu Peijian.2013.Simulation and diagnostic analysis of‘5·10’rainstorm disaster w eather process in M inxian of Gansu[J].Plateau M eteor,32(3):798-805.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00031.
袁美英,李泽椿,张小玲.2010.东北地区一次短时大暴雨β中尺度对流系统分析[J].气象学报,68(1):125-136.Yuan Meiying,Li Zechun,Zhang Xiaoling.2010.Analysis of a meso-scale convective system during a brief torrential rain event in Northeast China[J].Acta M eteor Sinica,68(1):125-136.
张庆云,陶诗言,张顺利.2001.1998年嫩江、松花江流域持续性暴雨的环流条件[J].大气科学,25(4):567-576.Zhang Qingyun,Tao Shiyan,Zhang Shunli.2001.A study of excessively heavy rainfall in the Songhuajiang-Nenjiang River Valley in 1998[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,25(4):567-576.
邹立尧,丁一汇.2010.1961 2005年东北暴雨气候特征分析[J]高原气象,29(5):1314-1321.Zou Lirao,Ding Yihui.2010.Characteristics of rainstrom in Northeast China in 1961 2005[J].Plateau M eteor,29(5):1314-1321.