云南景洪与昌宁茶树木材构造特征比较
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摘要
以云南景洪与昌宁茶树为研究对象,对其宏观特征和微观特征进行比较分析。结果表明,在宏观特征上,景洪茶树心边材区别不明显,木材颜色呈黄褐色,无特殊气味,生长轮不明显;昌宁茶树心材黄褐色,边材部分呈现黑褐色,有淡淡茶香味,生长轮明显。在微观特征上,景洪茶树是散孔材,异形Ⅰ型(直立或方形部分高者可达10个细胞或以上),横卧细胞内树胶丰富,单管孔、径列管孔(具多角形轮廓);昌宁茶树是半散孔材,异形Ⅰ型(方形或直立细胞部分高4～6个细胞),单管孔、径列管孔、弦列管孔(2～3个);景洪与昌宁茶树在生长轮、导管与管孔、木射线等特征上差别较明显。
The paper took the tea tree(Camellia sinensis) from Jinghong and Changning in Yunnan Province as the research object, compared and analyzed the macroscopic characteristics and microscopic characteristics of the tea trees. The results showed that on the macroscopic characteristic, the distinction was not obvious between the heartwood and sapwood of Jinghong tea tree,the color of wood was yellow-brown, with no special smell and no obvious growth ring. The heartwood of Changning tea tree was yellow-brown, the sapwood was black brown,with light fragrance of tea, growth ring was obvious. On the microscopic characteristic, Jinghong tea tree was diffuse-porous wood, special-shaped Ⅰ type(the vertical or square section up to 10 cells or more), the gum was rich within the procumbent cell, solitary pore, radial multiple(with the polygonal contour). Changning tea tree was semi-diffuse porous wood, special-shaped Ⅰ type(the square or vertical cells up to 4-6 cells), solitary pore, radial multiple, string column multiple(2-3). So, it could be seen that there were quite obvious differences between Jinghong and Changning tea tree on the characteristics of growth ring, catheter and pipe hole and wood ray.
The paper took the tea tree(Camellia sinensis) from Jinghong and Changning in Yunnan Province as the research object, compared and analyzed the macroscopic characteristics and microscopic characteristics of the tea trees. The results showed that on the macroscopic characteristic, the distinction was not obvious between the heartwood and sapwood of Jinghong tea tree,the color of wood was yellow-brown, with no special smell and no obvious growth ring. The heartwood of Changning tea tree was yellow-brown, the sapwood was black brown,with light fragrance of tea, growth ring was obvious. On the microscopic characteristic, Jinghong tea tree was diffuse-porous wood, special-shaped Ⅰ type(the vertical or square section up to 10 cells or more), the gum was rich within the procumbent cell, solitary pore, radial multiple(with the polygonal contour). Changning tea tree was semi-diffuse porous wood, special-shaped Ⅰ type(the square or vertical cells up to 4-6 cells), solitary pore, radial multiple, string column multiple(2-3). So, it could be seen that there were quite obvious differences between Jinghong and Changning tea tree on the characteristics of growth ring, catheter and pipe hole and wood ray.
引文
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[2]刘本英,宋维希,孙雪梅,等.云南茶树种质资源的整理整合及共享利用[J].西南农业学报,2011,24(2):805-812.
[3]谭元花,贾丽红,杨太源,等.云南省西双版纳古茶树保护与管理研究[J].江西农业,2018(4):30-31.
[4]刘本英,宋维希,孙雪梅,等.云南茶树种质资源的研究进展及发展重点[J].植物遗传资源学报,2012,13(4):529-534.
[5]魏小平,刘泽铭,陶晶.云南古茶园(树)资源调查研究[J].云南地理环境研究,2017,29(1):51-58.
[6]秦平山,赵晓斌.建立和完善古茶树、古茶园法律保护机制的探讨[J].福建茶叶,2018,40(4):1.
[7]王学,李少娟,裴顺强,等.澜沧江流域近55年来极端气温时空变化特征[J].云南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,37(2):64-72.
[8]史婉丽,禹雪中,廖文根.澜沧江流域干旱气候变化特征及影响因素分析[J].水电能源科学,2013,31(3):1-5.
[9]Haines H A,Olley J M,Kemp J,et al.Progress in Australian dendroclimatology:Identifying growth limiting factors in four climate zones[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,572:412-421.
[10]Pearce P C,Christopher B,Christopher G.Dendrochronological evaluation of ship timber from Charlestown Navy Yard(Boston,MA)[J].Dendrochronologia,2015,33:8-15.
[11]郭明辉.木材品质培育学[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2001.