钛合金加强框真空电子束焊接应用研究
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摘要
钛合金加强框是飞机结构的重要构件,其在框段组合时机械连接与潜弧焊焊接方式均存在不足。真空电子束焊接(EBW)是实现钛合金框段组合的新型制造方式,具有显著优势。采用"积木式方法"展开系列试验研究:首先针对不同热处理制度下的TC4-DT焊接试样进行拉伸试验,通过标的参数对比获取合理的焊后热处理制度;然后通过系列焊接标准试样拉伸试验、断裂韧度试验及裂纹扩展率试验,获取基础性试验数据,并对焊接性能进行判断;最后经过短梁试验、部件试验以及机上应用,完成TC4-DT钛合金加强框EBW工程应用。结果表明:TC4-DT钛合金加强框EBW接头力学性能良好,较机械连接质量收益明显。
The titanium alloy bulkhead frame is one kind of the important components in the aircraft structure.It could be fabricated by using the new method of electron beam welding(EBW)for parts assembly.An introduction is taken on the disadvantages of mechanical joints and submerged arc welding for titanium bulkhead frame parts assembly,and the advantage of EBW is distinct compared to the other two methods above.The building block approach is adopted in the research of series tests.Firstly,based on the welding specimen tension tests,the heat treat procedure of TC4-DT after welding is obtained according to specific parameter comparison.Secondly,the data base is built by doing series of experiments of standard specimen in tension,also for fracture toughness and crack growth rate.Finally,the EBW of TC4-DT titanium alloy bulkhead frame is successfully applied on the specific aircraft after doing short beam experiments and component experiments.Results show that good mechanical properties of the welding joints is verified,and the weight reduction is distinct compared to the mechanical joints.
The titanium alloy bulkhead frame is one kind of the important components in the aircraft structure.It could be fabricated by using the new method of electron beam welding(EBW)for parts assembly.An introduction is taken on the disadvantages of mechanical joints and submerged arc welding for titanium bulkhead frame parts assembly,and the advantage of EBW is distinct compared to the other two methods above.The building block approach is adopted in the research of series tests.Firstly,based on the welding specimen tension tests,the heat treat procedure of TC4-DT after welding is obtained according to specific parameter comparison.Secondly,the data base is built by doing series of experiments of standard specimen in tension,also for fracture toughness and crack growth rate.Finally,the EBW of TC4-DT titanium alloy bulkhead frame is successfully applied on the specific aircraft after doing short beam experiments and component experiments.Results show that good mechanical properties of the welding joints is verified,and the weight reduction is distinct compared to the mechanical joints.
引文
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[16]张彦华.焊接结构疲劳分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2013:48-96.Zhang Yanhua.Fatigue analysis of welded joints[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2013:48-96.(in Chinese)
[17]李晓延,巩水利,陈俐.钛合金薄板激光焊接头的疲劳性能[J].航空制造技术,2007(增刊1):165-169.Li Xiaoyan,Gong Shuili,Chen Li.Fatigue performance of titanium alloy sheet for laser beam welded joints[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2007(S1):165-169.(in Chinese)
[2]牛春匀,冯振宇,程小泉,等.实用飞机结构应力分析及尺寸设计[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2009:268-270.Niu Chunyun,Feng Zhenyu,Cheng Xiaoquan,et al.Airframe stress analysis and sizing[M].Beijing:Aviation Industry Press,2009:268-270.(in Chinese)
[3]朱知寿.新型航空高性能钛合金材料技术研究与发展[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2013:140-143.Zhu Zhishou.Research and development of New-brand titanium alloys of high performance for aeronuatical applications[M].Beijing:Aviation Industry Press,2013:140-143.(in Chinese)
[4]James H Lee.Applications and development of EB welding on F-22[R].SAE Technical Paper 972201.Warrendale:SAE International,1997.
[5]郭灵,王淑云,林海.先进航空材料及构件锻压成形技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2011:292-293.Guo Ling,Wang Shuyun,Lin Hai.Forging techniques of advanced aeronautical materials and components[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2011:292-293.(in Chinese)
[6]芦伟,史耀武,李晓延,等.TC4-DT钛合金电子束焊接接头的拉伸性能[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2013,42(9):1945-1948.Lu Wei,Shi Yaowu,Li Xiaoyan,et al.Tensile properties of electron beam welded thick TC4-DT joint[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2013,42(9):1945-1948.(in Chinese)
[7]王文杰.准β热处理工艺对TC4-DT钛合金组织和性能的影响[J].钛工业进展,2015,33(1):23-27.Wang Wenjie.Effect of quasi-beta heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of TC4-DT titanium alloy[J].Titanium Industry Progress,2015,33(1):23-27.(in Chinese)
[8]郭鸿镇,姚泽坤,虢迎光,等.等温精密锻造技术的研究进展[J].中国有色金属学报,2010,20(1):570-576.Guo Hongzhen,Yao Zekun,Guo Yingguang,et al.Research progress of isothermal precision forging technology[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2010,20(1):571-576.(in Chinese)
[9]Ralph I Stephens,Ali Fatemi,Robert R Stephens,et al.Metal fatigue in engineering[M].2nd ed.New York:Wiley Interscience,2000:401-425.
[10]阮立新.TA15钛合金整体框等温精密锻件的试制研究[J].新技术新工艺,2014(3):19-23.Ruan Lixin.Research on trail production of equal temperature precision die forging of TA15titanium alloy entity frame[J].New Technology&New Process,2014(3):19-23.(in Chinese)
[11]Miner M A.Cumulative damage in fatigue[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1945:159-164.
[12]E.A.鲍利索娃,陈石卿.钛合金金相学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1986.E.A.Борисоьа,Chen Shiqin.Titanium alloy metallography[M].Beijng:National Defense Press,1986.(in Chinese)
[13]史建军,马洪炯.TC4钛合金电子束焊接接头的真空去应力退火工艺研究[J].热加工工艺,2009,38(9):120-122.Shi Jianjun,Ma Hongjiong.Performance research on vacuum destressing annealing of TC4electron bearn welded joint[J].Hot Working Technology,2009,38(9):120-122.(in Chinese)
[14]飞机设计手册总编委会.飞机设计手册:第10册[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2000:135.General editorial board of Aircraft design handbook.Aircraft design handbook:Volume 10[M].Bejing:Aviation Industry Press,2000:135.(in Chinese)
[15]朱知寿,马少俊,王新南,等.TC4-DT损伤容限型钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展特性的研究[J].钛工业进展,2005,22(6):11-13.Zhu Zhishou,Ma Shaojun,Wang Xinnan,et al.Study on fatigue crack propagation rate of TC4-DT damage tolerance titanium alloy[J].Titanium Industry Progress.2005,22(6):11-13.(in Chinese)
[16]张彦华.焊接结构疲劳分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2013:48-96.Zhang Yanhua.Fatigue analysis of welded joints[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2013:48-96.(in Chinese)
[17]李晓延,巩水利,陈俐.钛合金薄板激光焊接头的疲劳性能[J].航空制造技术,2007(增刊1):165-169.Li Xiaoyan,Gong Shuili,Chen Li.Fatigue performance of titanium alloy sheet for laser beam welded joints[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2007(S1):165-169.(in Chinese)
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