山东省某汽车制造有限公司年产10万辆新能源乘用车项目职业病危害控制效果评价
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摘要
目的为贯彻落实《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》,从源头控制和消除职业病危害和保护劳动者健康,对山东省某汽车制造有限公司年产10万辆新能源乘用车项目职业病危害控制效果进行评价。方法 2018年10月,采取职业卫生学调查和职业病危害因素检测等方法进行评价。结果乘用车项目自动化和密闭化程度较高,职业病危害水平低于传统汽车制造业,存在的主要职业病危害因素有电焊烟尘、砂轮磨尘、其他粉尘、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、丁醇、乙酸丁酯、甲醛、锰及其化合物、一氧化碳、一氧化氮、二氧化氮、碳酸钠、磷酸、氢氧化钠、盐酸、硫化氢、噪声、高温、电焊弧光及工频电场等,经检测,定点噪声测量189点次,超标率15.9%,个体噪声测量93点次,超标率9.7%;其他工种接触的职业病危害因素检测结果均符合国家标准要求。结论噪声仍是乘用车项目重点防控的职业病危害因素,需要加强噪声的控制并落实职业健康教育和健康促进,提高用人单位和劳动者职业病防护意识。
[Objective]To evaluate the occupational hazards control effect on a new energy passenger vehicle project with annual production of 100 000 vehicles in an automobile manufacturing plant in Shandong Province, in order to implement the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, and control and eliminate occupational disease hazards and protect the health of workers from the source. [Methods] The evaluation was performed by occupational hygiene survey and occupational hazard factor detection. [Results] The project was highly automated and sealed, and the occupational disease hazard levels were lower than those in the traditional automobile manufacturing industry. The main occupational hazards included welding fume, grinding wheel dust, other dust, benzene, toluene, xylene, butanol, butyl acetate,formaldehyde, manganese and its compounds, carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sodium carbonate,phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen sulfide, noise, high temperature, electric arc welding, power frequency electric field. The detection results showed that the exceeding standard rate was 15.9% in 189 fixed-point noise measurements, and the exceeding standard rate was 9.7% in 93 individual noise measurements. The test results of occupational hazard factors for other types of work all met the requirements of national standards. [Conclusion] Noise is still the key occupational hazard factor for prevention and control of the project. It is necessary to strengthen the control of noise and implement occupational health education and health promotion, and improve the awareness of occupational disease protection among employers and workers.
[Objective]To evaluate the occupational hazards control effect on a new energy passenger vehicle project with annual production of 100 000 vehicles in an automobile manufacturing plant in Shandong Province, in order to implement the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, and control and eliminate occupational disease hazards and protect the health of workers from the source. [Methods] The evaluation was performed by occupational hygiene survey and occupational hazard factor detection. [Results] The project was highly automated and sealed, and the occupational disease hazard levels were lower than those in the traditional automobile manufacturing industry. The main occupational hazards included welding fume, grinding wheel dust, other dust, benzene, toluene, xylene, butanol, butyl acetate,formaldehyde, manganese and its compounds, carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sodium carbonate,phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen sulfide, noise, high temperature, electric arc welding, power frequency electric field. The detection results showed that the exceeding standard rate was 15.9% in 189 fixed-point noise measurements, and the exceeding standard rate was 9.7% in 93 individual noise measurements. The test results of occupational hazard factors for other types of work all met the requirements of national standards. [Conclusion] Noise is still the key occupational hazard factor for prevention and control of the project. It is necessary to strengthen the control of noise and implement occupational health education and health promotion, and improve the awareness of occupational disease protection among employers and workers.
引文
[1]李飞辉,唐玉樵,程淑群.汽车制造业职业病危害因素对工人健康的影响[J].职业与健康,2017,33(15):2145-2148,2152.
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[8]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范:GBZ 159-2004[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:1-12.
[9]王致,梁嘉斌,刘影玫,等.汽车零部件制造行业职业病危害及其防控措施研究[J].中国卫生工程学,2015,14(3):196-199,205.
[10]苏艺伟,李艳华,郭尧平,等.2017年广州市某汽车厂职业病危害因素及职工健康状况[J].职业与健康,2018,34(17):2310-2313,2317.
[11]肖晓琴,邓颖聪,王致,等.某汽车零部件有限公司职业病危害控制效果评价[J].职业与健康,2010,26(13):1527-1529.
[12]陈凤琼,冉瑞红,邓华欣.2015-2017年重庆市大型汽车制造企业重点职业病危害因素监测结果[J].职业与健康,2018,34(13):1737-1739.
[13]徐健,白宏,李荫璐,等.某汽车制造企业职业病危害控制效果评价[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2012,30(1):17-21.
[14]张晓玲,叶明宪.某汽车制造企业职业危害特点与管理对策[J].职业与健康,2011,27(9):961-966.
[15]杜伟佳,黄敏之.某汽车制造厂主要职业病危害因素机器对工人健康的影响[J].职业与健康,2012,28(22):2689-2693.
[16]曾文锋,谭强,刘移民,等.广州市某汽车制造集团职业卫生状况调查[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2012,30(5):365-367.
[17]李飞辉,唐玉樵,陈於汝,等.2012-2016年某汽车制造企业职业病危害调查与分析[J].工业卫生与职业病,2018,44(5):340-343.
[18]罗东,夏懋书,张立,等.某汽车技术改造项目职业病危害控制效果评价[J].中国工业医学杂志,2014,27(3):216-218.
[19]夏猛,李广益,李宁,等.淄博市职业病疾病谱及发病情况调查研究[J].中国工业医学杂志,2017,30(4):297-301.
[20]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.职业健康监护技术规范:GBZ 188-2014[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2014:1-113.
[2]杨坤,王锐,周敬文.济南市某汽车产品有限公司技改项目职业病危害预评价[J].职业与健康,2014,30(17):2384-2386.
[3]中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会常务委员会.中华人民共和国职业病防治法[S].北京:法律出版社,2017:5-8.
[4]国家安全生产监督管理总局.建设项目职业病危害控制效果评价导则:AQ/T 8010-2013[S].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2013:1-11.
[5]中华人民共和国卫生部.工业企设计卫生标准:GBZ 1-2010[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2010:1-23.
[6]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素:GBZ 2.1-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:1-22.
[7]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第2部分:物理因素:GBZ 2.2-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:1-14.
[8]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范:GBZ 159-2004[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:1-12.
[9]王致,梁嘉斌,刘影玫,等.汽车零部件制造行业职业病危害及其防控措施研究[J].中国卫生工程学,2015,14(3):196-199,205.
[10]苏艺伟,李艳华,郭尧平,等.2017年广州市某汽车厂职业病危害因素及职工健康状况[J].职业与健康,2018,34(17):2310-2313,2317.
[11]肖晓琴,邓颖聪,王致,等.某汽车零部件有限公司职业病危害控制效果评价[J].职业与健康,2010,26(13):1527-1529.
[12]陈凤琼,冉瑞红,邓华欣.2015-2017年重庆市大型汽车制造企业重点职业病危害因素监测结果[J].职业与健康,2018,34(13):1737-1739.
[13]徐健,白宏,李荫璐,等.某汽车制造企业职业病危害控制效果评价[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2012,30(1):17-21.
[14]张晓玲,叶明宪.某汽车制造企业职业危害特点与管理对策[J].职业与健康,2011,27(9):961-966.
[15]杜伟佳,黄敏之.某汽车制造厂主要职业病危害因素机器对工人健康的影响[J].职业与健康,2012,28(22):2689-2693.
[16]曾文锋,谭强,刘移民,等.广州市某汽车制造集团职业卫生状况调查[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2012,30(5):365-367.
[17]李飞辉,唐玉樵,陈於汝,等.2012-2016年某汽车制造企业职业病危害调查与分析[J].工业卫生与职业病,2018,44(5):340-343.
[18]罗东,夏懋书,张立,等.某汽车技术改造项目职业病危害控制效果评价[J].中国工业医学杂志,2014,27(3):216-218.
[19]夏猛,李广益,李宁,等.淄博市职业病疾病谱及发病情况调查研究[J].中国工业医学杂志,2017,30(4):297-301.
[20]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.职业健康监护技术规范:GBZ 188-2014[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2014:1-113.