Kinetics of nitric acid leaching of cerium from oxidation roasted Baotou mixed rare earth concentrate
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摘要
The kinetics of nitric acid leaching of cerium was investigated for the oxidation roasted Baotou mixed rare earth concentrate. The effects of leaching temperature, HNO_3 concentration, liquidesolid ratio(L/S)and stirring rate on rare earth extraction were studied. The XRD and SEM mapping analysis of the samples before and after acid leaching shows that the roasted bastnaesite is completely leached. Besides,the decomposition process of oxidizing roasting was also obtained by TGe MS and XRD. Different kinetics models were applied in this leaching process. The results of dynamic fitting show that the leaching process can be described by a new variant of the shrinking-core model. And the leaching rate is controlled by both the interfacial transfer and diffusion through the product layer. The apparent activation energy is calculated as 76.78 kJ/mol and the reaction orders with respect to HNO_3 concentrations and liquidesolid ratio are determined to be 7.609 and 2.516, respectively. Besides, an empirical rate equation is obtained to describe the process.
The kinetics of nitric acid leaching of cerium was investigated for the oxidation roasted Baotou mixed rare earth concentrate. The effects of leaching temperature, HNO_3 concentration, liquidesolid ratio(L/S)and stirring rate on rare earth extraction were studied. The XRD and SEM mapping analysis of the samples before and after acid leaching shows that the roasted bastnaesite is completely leached. Besides,the decomposition process of oxidizing roasting was also obtained by TGe MS and XRD. Different kinetics models were applied in this leaching process. The results of dynamic fitting show that the leaching process can be described by a new variant of the shrinking-core model. And the leaching rate is controlled by both the interfacial transfer and diffusion through the product layer. The apparent activation energy is calculated as 76.78 kJ/mol and the reaction orders with respect to HNO_3 concentrations and liquidesolid ratio are determined to be 7.609 and 2.516, respectively. Besides, an empirical rate equation is obtained to describe the process.
The kinetics of nitric acid leaching of cerium was investigated for the oxidation roasted Baotou mixed rare earth concentrate. The effects of leaching temperature, HNO_3 concentration, liquidesolid ratio(L/S)and stirring rate on rare earth extraction were studied. The XRD and SEM mapping analysis of the samples before and after acid leaching shows that the roasted bastnaesite is completely leached. Besides,the decomposition process of oxidizing roasting was also obtained by TGe MS and XRD. Different kinetics models were applied in this leaching process. The results of dynamic fitting show that the leaching process can be described by a new variant of the shrinking-core model. And the leaching rate is controlled by both the interfacial transfer and diffusion through the product layer. The apparent activation energy is calculated as 76.78 kJ/mol and the reaction orders with respect to HNO_3 concentrations and liquidesolid ratio are determined to be 7.609 and 2.516, respectively. Besides, an empirical rate equation is obtained to describe the process.
引文
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14.Li K,Chen J,Zou D.Recovery of fluorine utilizing complex properties of cerium(IV)to obtain high purity CeF3by solvent extraction.Sep Purif Technol.2018;191:153.
15.Bian X,Yin SH,Luo Y,Wu WY.Leaching kinetics of bastnaesite concentrate in HC1 solution.Trans Nonferr Metal Soc.2011;21:2306.
16.Wang SD,Jiang KX,Jiang XX,Feng LY,Fan YQ,Jing W,et al.Kinetic study on leaching of RE in phosphorite.Nonferrous Met Extr Metall.2011;10:28.
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18.Zhang XW,Li M,Liu ZG,Hu YH,Wang MT.Kinetics of rare earth extraction from Baotou bastnaesitein hydrochloric acid and aluminum chloride.JOM.2017;69:1894.
19.Huang YK,Dou ZH,Zhang TA,Liu J.Leaching kinetics of rare earth elements and fluoride from mixed rare earth concentrate after roasting with calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.Hydrometallurgy.2017;173:15.
20.Gbor PK,Jia CQ.Critical evaluation of coupling particle size distribution with the shrinking core model.Chem Eng Sci.2004;59:1979.
21.Georgiou D,Papangelakis VG.Sulphuric acid pressure leaching of a limonitic laterite:chemistry and kinetics.Hydrometallurgy.1998;49:23.
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24.Liu K,Chen QY,Yin ZL,Hu HP,Ding ZY.Kinetics of leaching of a Chinese laterite containing maghemite and magnetite in sulfuric acid solutions.Hydrometallurgy.2012;125e126:125.
25.Li MT,Wei C,Qiu S,Zhou XJ,Li CX,Deng ZG.Kinetics of vanadium dissolution from black shale in pressure acid leaching.Hydrometallurgy.2010;104:193.
26.Tian J,Yin JQ,Chi RA,Rao GH,Jiang MT,Ouyang K.Kinetics on leaching rare earth from the weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores with ammonium sulfate solution.Hydrometallurgy.2010;101:166.
27.Dickinson CF,Heal GR.Solideliquid diffusion controlled rate equations.Thermochim Acta.1999;340:89.
28.Dehghan R,Noaparast M,Kolahdoozan M.Leaching and kinetic modelling of low-grade calcareous sphalerite in acidic ferric chloride solution.Hydrometallurgy.2009;96:275.
29.Rath PC,Paramguru RK,Jena PK.Kinetics of dissolution of zinc sulphide in aqueous ferric chloride solution.Hydrometallurgy.1981;6:219.
30.Li MT,Wei C,Zhou XJ,Qiu S,Deng ZG,Li XB.Kinetics of vanadium leaching from black shale in non-oxidative conditions.Min Proc Extr Met.2012;121:40.
31.Nikiforova A,Kozhura O,Pasenko O.Leaching of vanadium by sulfur dioxide from spent catalysts for sulfuric acid production.Hydrometallurgy.2016;164:31.
32.Zhou HM,Zheng SL,Zhang Y,Yi DQ.A kinetic study of the leaching of a lowgrade niobiumetantalum ore by concentrated KOH solution.Hydrometallurgy.2005;80:170.
2.Huang XW,Long ZQ,Li HW,Ying WJ,Zhang GC,Xue XX.Development of rare earth hydrometallurgy technology in China.J Rare Earths.2005;23:1.
3.Wang LS,Yu J,Huang XW,Long ZQ,Cui DL.Toward greener comprehensive utilization of bastnaesite:simultaneous recovery of cerium,fluorine,and thorium from bastnaesite leach liquor using HEH(EHP).Chem Eng J.2013;215e216:162.
4.Wang LS,Wang CM,Yu Y,Huang XW,Long ZQ,Hou YK,et al.Recovery of fluorine from bastnasite as synthetic cryolite by-product.J Hazard Mater.2012;209:77.
5.Zheng Q,Wu WY,Bian X.Investigations on mineralogical characteristics of rare earth minerals in Bayan Obo tailings during the roasting process.J Rare Earths.2017;35:300.
6.Wu WY,Bian X,Sun SC,Tu GF.Study on roasting decomposition of mixed rare earth concentrate in CaO-NaCl-CaCl2.J Rare Earths.2006;24:23.
7.Bian X,Chen JL,Zhao ZH,Yin SH,Luo Y,Zhang FY,et al.Kinetics of mixed rare earths minerals decomposed by CaO with NaCl-CaCl2melting salt.J Rare Earths.2010;28:86.
8.Li M,Zhang XW,Liu ZG,Hu YH,Wang MT,Liu J,et al.Kinetics of leaching fluoride from mixed rare earth concentrate with hydrochloric acid and aluminum chloride.Hydrometallurgy.2013;140:71.
9.Zhu G,Chi RA,Shi W,Xu Z.Chlorination kinetics of fluorine-fixed rare earth concentrate.Miner Eng.2003;16:671.
10.Zhang LQ,Wang ZC,Tong SX,Lei PX,Zou W.Rare earth extraction from bastnaesite concentrate by stepwise carbochlorination-chemical vapor transport-oxidation.Metall Mater Trans B.2004;35:217.
11.Lu J,Wei ZG,Li DQ,Ma GX,Jiang ZC.Recovery of Ce(IV)and Th(IV)from rare earths(III)with Cyanex923.Hydrometallurgy.1998;50:77.
12.Li DQ,Zuo Y,Meng SL.Separation of thorium(IV)and extracting rare earths from sulfuric and phosphoric acid solutions by solvent extraction method.J Alloys Compd.2004;374:431.
13.Zou D,Chen J,Li DQ.Separation chemistry and clean technique of cerium(IV):are view.J Rare Earths.2014;32:681.
14.Li K,Chen J,Zou D.Recovery of fluorine utilizing complex properties of cerium(IV)to obtain high purity CeF3by solvent extraction.Sep Purif Technol.2018;191:153.
15.Bian X,Yin SH,Luo Y,Wu WY.Leaching kinetics of bastnaesite concentrate in HC1 solution.Trans Nonferr Metal Soc.2011;21:2306.
16.Wang SD,Jiang KX,Jiang XX,Feng LY,Fan YQ,Jing W,et al.Kinetic study on leaching of RE in phosphorite.Nonferrous Met Extr Metall.2011;10:28.
17.Feng XL,Long ZQ,Cui DL,Wang LS,Huang XW,Zhang GC.Kinetics of rare earth leaching from roasted ore of bastnaesite with sulfuric acid.Trans Nonferr Metal Soc.2013;23:849.
18.Zhang XW,Li M,Liu ZG,Hu YH,Wang MT.Kinetics of rare earth extraction from Baotou bastnaesitein hydrochloric acid and aluminum chloride.JOM.2017;69:1894.
19.Huang YK,Dou ZH,Zhang TA,Liu J.Leaching kinetics of rare earth elements and fluoride from mixed rare earth concentrate after roasting with calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.Hydrometallurgy.2017;173:15.
20.Gbor PK,Jia CQ.Critical evaluation of coupling particle size distribution with the shrinking core model.Chem Eng Sci.2004;59:1979.
21.Georgiou D,Papangelakis VG.Sulphuric acid pressure leaching of a limonitic laterite:chemistry and kinetics.Hydrometallurgy.1998;49:23.
22.Levenspiel O.Chemical reaction engineering.3rd ed.New York:John Wiley&Sons Inc.;2003.
23.Sohn HY,Wadsworth ME.Rate process of extractive metallurgy.New York and London:Plenum Press;1979.
24.Liu K,Chen QY,Yin ZL,Hu HP,Ding ZY.Kinetics of leaching of a Chinese laterite containing maghemite and magnetite in sulfuric acid solutions.Hydrometallurgy.2012;125e126:125.
25.Li MT,Wei C,Qiu S,Zhou XJ,Li CX,Deng ZG.Kinetics of vanadium dissolution from black shale in pressure acid leaching.Hydrometallurgy.2010;104:193.
26.Tian J,Yin JQ,Chi RA,Rao GH,Jiang MT,Ouyang K.Kinetics on leaching rare earth from the weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores with ammonium sulfate solution.Hydrometallurgy.2010;101:166.
27.Dickinson CF,Heal GR.Solideliquid diffusion controlled rate equations.Thermochim Acta.1999;340:89.
28.Dehghan R,Noaparast M,Kolahdoozan M.Leaching and kinetic modelling of low-grade calcareous sphalerite in acidic ferric chloride solution.Hydrometallurgy.2009;96:275.
29.Rath PC,Paramguru RK,Jena PK.Kinetics of dissolution of zinc sulphide in aqueous ferric chloride solution.Hydrometallurgy.1981;6:219.
30.Li MT,Wei C,Zhou XJ,Qiu S,Deng ZG,Li XB.Kinetics of vanadium leaching from black shale in non-oxidative conditions.Min Proc Extr Met.2012;121:40.
31.Nikiforova A,Kozhura O,Pasenko O.Leaching of vanadium by sulfur dioxide from spent catalysts for sulfuric acid production.Hydrometallurgy.2016;164:31.
32.Zhou HM,Zheng SL,Zhang Y,Yi DQ.A kinetic study of the leaching of a lowgrade niobiumetantalum ore by concentrated KOH solution.Hydrometallurgy.2005;80:170.