珠江口盆地惠南半地堑恩平组烃类充注特征与砂岩致密化成因分析
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摘要
珠江口盆地惠州凹陷惠南半地堑A构造A1井古近系恩平组砂岩见油气显示,但地层测试结果为干层,砂岩具有低孔低渗特征。通过生物标志化合物绝对定量分析、岩石薄片、阴极发光、扫描电镜、X衍射、流体包裹体、储层定量荧光分析、成岩演化模拟等手段,对A1井恩平组砂岩中烃类充注史和储层成岩作用过程与致密化成因进行了综合分析。生物标志化合物组合特征指示A1井恩平组储层中以自生自储烃为主,有少量文昌组烃源岩生成的烃类贡献;流体包裹体和颗粒荧光定量分析指示2.5～0 Ma是油气主充注期,以晚期充注为主。石英胶结是导致A1井区恩平组砂岩致密化的主要原因,埋藏成岩期为富K+流体环境,高岭石和钾长石向伊利石转化,形成石英胶结和伊利石,破坏了砂岩的孔渗性;恩平组砂岩储层具有典型的先致密后烃类充注的特征,石英和伊利石均为水湿性矿物,烃类充注对胶结物的形成抑制作用不大。本文研究结果可为珠江口盆地古近系深层油气成藏研究提供参考。
The oil and gas shows are found in the sandstone of Paeogene Enping Formation in Well A1,which is located in the A structure of Huinan half-graben in Huizhou sag of Pearl River Mouth basin.However,the formation test results show it is a dry layer,and the sandstone is of low porosity and low permeability.Through a series of analysis methods,including absolute quantitative analysis of biomarker compounds,rock slices,cathodoluminescence,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,fluid inclusions,reservoir quantitative fluorescence analysis,diagenetic evolution simulation,the hydrocarbon charging history,diagenesis process and densification genesis of the sandstone of Enping Formation in Well A1 were comprehensively analyzed.The biomarker compound characteristics indicate that the accumulation model of Enping Formation in Well A1 was mainly generated in the form of self-generation and self-accu-mulation,with a small amount of hydrocarbon contribution from Wenchang Formation source rocks.Quantitative analysis of fluid inclusions and particles shows that 2.5～0 Ma is the main charging oil and gas period and hydrocarbon accumulation was dominated by late charging.Quartz cementation is the main cause for the densification of the sandstone in Enping Formation in Well A1.The K+rich fluid environment during the diagenetic period promoted the conversion of Kaolinite and K-feldspar to illite,forming quatz cement and illite,which destroyed porosity and permeability of the sandstone.The sandstone reservoirs of Enping Formation are characterized by typical early dense and hydrocarbon charging in the later period.Both quartz and illite are water-wet minerals,and hydrocarbon charging has little inhibitory effect on the formation of cement.The results of this paper can provide reference for the study of Paleogene deep hydrocarbon accumulation in Pearl River Mouth basin.
The oil and gas shows are found in the sandstone of Paeogene Enping Formation in Well A1,which is located in the A structure of Huinan half-graben in Huizhou sag of Pearl River Mouth basin.However,the formation test results show it is a dry layer,and the sandstone is of low porosity and low permeability.Through a series of analysis methods,including absolute quantitative analysis of biomarker compounds,rock slices,cathodoluminescence,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,fluid inclusions,reservoir quantitative fluorescence analysis,diagenetic evolution simulation,the hydrocarbon charging history,diagenesis process and densification genesis of the sandstone of Enping Formation in Well A1 were comprehensively analyzed.The biomarker compound characteristics indicate that the accumulation model of Enping Formation in Well A1 was mainly generated in the form of self-generation and self-accu-mulation,with a small amount of hydrocarbon contribution from Wenchang Formation source rocks.Quantitative analysis of fluid inclusions and particles shows that 2.5～0 Ma is the main charging oil and gas period and hydrocarbon accumulation was dominated by late charging.Quartz cementation is the main cause for the densification of the sandstone in Enping Formation in Well A1.The K+rich fluid environment during the diagenetic period promoted the conversion of Kaolinite and K-feldspar to illite,forming quatz cement and illite,which destroyed porosity and permeability of the sandstone.The sandstone reservoirs of Enping Formation are characterized by typical early dense and hydrocarbon charging in the later period.Both quartz and illite are water-wet minerals,and hydrocarbon charging has little inhibitory effect on the formation of cement.The results of this paper can provide reference for the study of Paleogene deep hydrocarbon accumulation in Pearl River Mouth basin.
引文
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[9]张水昌,龚再升,梁狄刚,等.珠江口盆地东部油气系统地球化学-Ⅰ:油组划分、油源对比及混源油确定[J].沉积学报,2004,22(增刊1):15-26.ZHANG Shuichang,GONG Zaisheng,LIANG Digang,et al.Geochemistry of petroleum systems in the eastern Pearl River mouth basin-I:oil family classification,oil-source correlation and mixed oil analysis[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinca,2004,22(S1):15-26.
[10]于志超,刘可禹,赵孟军,等.库车凹陷克拉2气田储层成岩作用和油气充注特征[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2016,41(3):533-545.YU Zhichao,LIU Keyu,ZHAO Mengjun,et al.Characterization of diagenesis and the petroleum charge in Kela2gas field,Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2016,41(3):533-545.
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[14]刘庆顺,杨波,杨海风,等.储层定量荧光技术在渤海油田油层判别及油气充注过程分析中的应用[J].中国海上油气,2017,29(2):27-35.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2017.02.004.LIU Qingshun,YANG Bo,YANG Haifeng,et al.Application of quantitative fluorescence techniques in oil zone identification and hydrocarbon charging process research in Bohai oilfield[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2017,29(2):27-35.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2017.02.004.
[15]胡云,谭忠健,张建斌,等.利用录井图版判别渤海油田原油性质的新方法[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(5):44-48.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2016.05.007.HU Yun,TAN Zhongjian,ZHANG Jianbin,et al.A new method to discriminate crude oil properties with mud logging charts in Bohai oilfield[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(5):44-48.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2016.05.007.
[16]马剑,黄志龙,范彩伟,等.应用定量颗粒荧光技术研究宝岛13-1气田油气成藏特征[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(8):1188-1196.MA Jian,HUANG Zhilong,FAN Caiwei,et al.The application of quantitative grain fluorescence technique to study hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of BD13-1,Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(8):1188-1196.
[17]丁晓琪,张哨楠,周文,等.鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界致密砂岩储层特征及其成因探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(4):491-496.DING Xiaoqi,ZHANG Shaonan,ZHOU Wen,et al.Characteristics and genesis of the Upper Paleozoic tight sandstone reservoirs in the northern Ordos Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(4):491-496.
[18] STROKER T M,HARRIS N B,ELLIOTT W C,et al.Diagenesis of a tight gas sand reservoir:Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group,Piceance Basin,Colorado[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2013,40(1):48-68.
[19] BEARD D C,WEYl P K.Influence of texture on porosity and permeability of unconsolidated sand[J].AAPG Bulletin,1973,57(2):349-369.
[20] BLOCH S,LANDER R H,BONNELL L.Anomalously high porosity and permeability in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs:origin and predictability[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(2):301-328.
[21] EMERY D,ROBINSON A.Inorganic geochemistry:applications to petroleum geology[M].Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1993.
[22] WORDEN R H,MORAD S.Quartz cementation in oil field sandstones:a review of the key controversies[M].Blackwell Publishing,2000.
[23] BJORLYKKE K.Fluid-flow processes and diagenesis in sedimentary basins[J].Geological Society London Special Publications,1994,78(1):127-140.
[24] WALDERHAUG O.Kinetic modeling of quartz cementation and porosity loss in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs[J].AAPG Bulletin,1996,80(5):731-745.
[25] AJDUKIEWICZ J M,LANDER R H.Sandstone reservoir quality prediction:The state of the art[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(8):1083-1091.
[26] LANDER R H,LARESE R E,BONNELL L M.Toward more accurate quartz cement models:The importance of euhedral versus noneuhedral growth rates[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(11):1537-1563.
[27]郭巧珍,陈峰,杨香华,等.珠江口盆地惠州凹陷恩平组浅水辫状河三角洲沉积[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2013,33(1):25-32.GUO Qiaozhen,CHEN Feng,YANG Xianghua,et al.Shallow braided deltaic system in Enping Formation of Huizhou depression,Pearl River Mouth basin[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2013,33(1):25-32.
[28] BJORLYKKE K.Relationships between depositional environments,burial history and rock properties:Some principal aspects of diagenetic process in sedimentary basins[J].Sedimentary Geology,2013,301(3):1-14.
[29]WORDEN R,MORAD S,WORDEN R,et al.Clay mineral cements in sandstones:a review of the detrital and diagenetic sources and evolution during burial[J].International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication,2003,34(1):31-41.
[2]舒誉,施和生,杜家元,等.珠一坳陷古近系油气成藏特征及勘探方向[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(3):37-42.SHU Yu,SHI Hesheng,DU Jiayuan,et al.Paleogene characteristics in hydrocarbon accumulation and exploration direction in Zhu I depression[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2014,26(3):37-42.
[3]施和生.油气勘探“源-汇-聚”评价体系及其应用:以珠江口盆地珠一坳陷为例[J].中国海上油气,2015,27(5):1-12.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2015.05.001.SHI Hesheng.“Source-migration-accumulation”evaluation system and its application in hydrocarbon exploration:a case study of Zhu I depression in Pearl River Mouth basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2015,27(5):1-12.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2015.05.001.
[4] JOHNSON R H.The cementation process in sandstone[J].AAPG Bulletin,1920,4(1):33-35.
[5] HASZELDINE R S,MACAULAY C I,MARCHAND A,et al.Sandstone cementation and fluids in hydrocarbon basins[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2000,69-70(9):195-200.
[6] WORDEN R H,OXTOBY N H,SMALLEY P C.Can oil emplacement prevent quartz cementation in sandstones[J].Petroleum Geoscience,1998,4(2):129-137.
[7] KATZ B J.Controls on distribution of lacustrine source rocks through time and space//KATZ B J.Lacustrine basin exploration:case studies and modern analogs[C].Tulsa,AAPG Memoir 50,1990:61-76.
[8]张林晔.湖相烃源岩研究进展[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(6):591-595.ZHANG Linye.The progress on the study of lacustrine source rocks[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2008,30(6):591-595.
[9]张水昌,龚再升,梁狄刚,等.珠江口盆地东部油气系统地球化学-Ⅰ:油组划分、油源对比及混源油确定[J].沉积学报,2004,22(增刊1):15-26.ZHANG Shuichang,GONG Zaisheng,LIANG Digang,et al.Geochemistry of petroleum systems in the eastern Pearl River mouth basin-I:oil family classification,oil-source correlation and mixed oil analysis[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinca,2004,22(S1):15-26.
[10]于志超,刘可禹,赵孟军,等.库车凹陷克拉2气田储层成岩作用和油气充注特征[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2016,41(3):533-545.YU Zhichao,LIU Keyu,ZHAO Mengjun,et al.Characterization of diagenesis and the petroleum charge in Kela2gas field,Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2016,41(3):533-545.
[11] TAYLOR T R,GILES M R,HATHON L A,et al.Sandstone diagenesis and reservoir quality prediction:models,Myths,and reality[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(8):1093-1132.
[12]纪友亮,高崇龙,刘玉瑞,等.高邮凹陷阜一段油气充注对储层物性演化的影响[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(1):133-139.JI Youliang,GAO Chonglong,LIU Yurui,et al.Influence of hydrocarbon charging to the reservoir property in 1st Member of Funning Formation in Gaoyou Depression[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2015,43(1):133-139.
[13]刘可禹,鲁雪松,桂丽黎,等.储层定量荧光技术及其在油气成藏研究中的应用[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2016,41(3):373-384.LIU Keyu,LU Xuesong,GUI Lili,et al.Quantitative fluorescence techniques and their applications in hydrocarbon accumulation studys[J].Earth Science—Journal of China Univer-sity of Geosciences,2016,41(3):373-384.
[14]刘庆顺,杨波,杨海风,等.储层定量荧光技术在渤海油田油层判别及油气充注过程分析中的应用[J].中国海上油气,2017,29(2):27-35.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2017.02.004.LIU Qingshun,YANG Bo,YANG Haifeng,et al.Application of quantitative fluorescence techniques in oil zone identification and hydrocarbon charging process research in Bohai oilfield[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2017,29(2):27-35.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2017.02.004.
[15]胡云,谭忠健,张建斌,等.利用录井图版判别渤海油田原油性质的新方法[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(5):44-48.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2016.05.007.HU Yun,TAN Zhongjian,ZHANG Jianbin,et al.A new method to discriminate crude oil properties with mud logging charts in Bohai oilfield[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(5):44-48.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2016.05.007.
[16]马剑,黄志龙,范彩伟,等.应用定量颗粒荧光技术研究宝岛13-1气田油气成藏特征[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(8):1188-1196.MA Jian,HUANG Zhilong,FAN Caiwei,et al.The application of quantitative grain fluorescence technique to study hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of BD13-1,Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(8):1188-1196.
[17]丁晓琪,张哨楠,周文,等.鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界致密砂岩储层特征及其成因探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(4):491-496.DING Xiaoqi,ZHANG Shaonan,ZHOU Wen,et al.Characteristics and genesis of the Upper Paleozoic tight sandstone reservoirs in the northern Ordos Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(4):491-496.
[18] STROKER T M,HARRIS N B,ELLIOTT W C,et al.Diagenesis of a tight gas sand reservoir:Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group,Piceance Basin,Colorado[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2013,40(1):48-68.
[19] BEARD D C,WEYl P K.Influence of texture on porosity and permeability of unconsolidated sand[J].AAPG Bulletin,1973,57(2):349-369.
[20] BLOCH S,LANDER R H,BONNELL L.Anomalously high porosity and permeability in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs:origin and predictability[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(2):301-328.
[21] EMERY D,ROBINSON A.Inorganic geochemistry:applications to petroleum geology[M].Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1993.
[22] WORDEN R H,MORAD S.Quartz cementation in oil field sandstones:a review of the key controversies[M].Blackwell Publishing,2000.
[23] BJORLYKKE K.Fluid-flow processes and diagenesis in sedimentary basins[J].Geological Society London Special Publications,1994,78(1):127-140.
[24] WALDERHAUG O.Kinetic modeling of quartz cementation and porosity loss in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs[J].AAPG Bulletin,1996,80(5):731-745.
[25] AJDUKIEWICZ J M,LANDER R H.Sandstone reservoir quality prediction:The state of the art[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(8):1083-1091.
[26] LANDER R H,LARESE R E,BONNELL L M.Toward more accurate quartz cement models:The importance of euhedral versus noneuhedral growth rates[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(11):1537-1563.
[27]郭巧珍,陈峰,杨香华,等.珠江口盆地惠州凹陷恩平组浅水辫状河三角洲沉积[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2013,33(1):25-32.GUO Qiaozhen,CHEN Feng,YANG Xianghua,et al.Shallow braided deltaic system in Enping Formation of Huizhou depression,Pearl River Mouth basin[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2013,33(1):25-32.
[28] BJORLYKKE K.Relationships between depositional environments,burial history and rock properties:Some principal aspects of diagenetic process in sedimentary basins[J].Sedimentary Geology,2013,301(3):1-14.
[29]WORDEN R,MORAD S,WORDEN R,et al.Clay mineral cements in sandstones:a review of the detrital and diagenetic sources and evolution during burial[J].International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication,2003,34(1):31-41.