循环加卸载下花岗岩非均匀变形演化的声发射特征试验研究
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摘要
为了研究岩石材料在循环加卸载过程中的声发射特征与非均匀变形的对应关系,开展了花岗岩试件单轴循环加卸载试验。利用声发射系统和CCD相机分别对试样变形破坏过程中的声发射信号和试件表面的变形图像进行采集,结合数字散斑相关方法,对试件非均匀变形演化过程中的声发射特性进行研究。研究结果发现:每次循环加载过程中,非均匀变形的最小点皆与应力卸载的最低点相对应。而自局部化带启动后,每次循环加载过程中的非均匀变形的最大点滞后于循环加载应力的顶点。非均匀变形演化与声发射信号存在较好的对应关系,循环加载过程中非均匀变形的首次转折增大点对应声发射信号增加的起点,非均匀变形的最大点对应声发射信号平静期的起点。随循环次数增加,非均匀变形程度与Felicity比呈负相关关系,即非均匀变形越大,损伤程度越大,Felicity比越小。
In this study, uniaxial cyclic loading tests were carried out on granite specimens to study the relationship between acoustic emission(AE) characteristics and non-uniform deformation of rock materials during the cyclic loading process. The AE signals and the deformation images of the specimen surfaces were collected by using the AE system and CCD camera in the deformation and failure process, respectively. Combined with the digital speckle correlation method, the AE characteristics of specimens were investigated during the evolution process of non-uniform deformation. The research results showed that the minimum point of non-uniform deformation corresponded to the lowest point of unloading stress during each cyclic loading process. However, after the startup of the localisation band, the maximum point of non-uniform deformation lagged behind the vertex of loading stress in each cyclic loading process. There was a good correspondence between the non-uniform deformation evolution and the AE signal. During the cyclic loading process, the first turning and increasing point of non-uniform deformation is the starting point of the increase of AE signal, whereas the maximum point of non-uniform deformation is the starting point of the quiet period of the AE signal. With the increase of cyclic number, the degree of non-uniform deformation is negatively correlated with the Felicity ratio, that is, the greater the non-uniform deformation is, the greater the damage degree is, and the smaller the Felicity ratio is.
In this study, uniaxial cyclic loading tests were carried out on granite specimens to study the relationship between acoustic emission(AE) characteristics and non-uniform deformation of rock materials during the cyclic loading process. The AE signals and the deformation images of the specimen surfaces were collected by using the AE system and CCD camera in the deformation and failure process, respectively. Combined with the digital speckle correlation method, the AE characteristics of specimens were investigated during the evolution process of non-uniform deformation. The research results showed that the minimum point of non-uniform deformation corresponded to the lowest point of unloading stress during each cyclic loading process. However, after the startup of the localisation band, the maximum point of non-uniform deformation lagged behind the vertex of loading stress in each cyclic loading process. There was a good correspondence between the non-uniform deformation evolution and the AE signal. During the cyclic loading process, the first turning and increasing point of non-uniform deformation is the starting point of the increase of AE signal, whereas the maximum point of non-uniform deformation is the starting point of the quiet period of the AE signal. With the increase of cyclic number, the degree of non-uniform deformation is negatively correlated with the Felicity ratio, that is, the greater the non-uniform deformation is, the greater the damage degree is, and the smaller the Felicity ratio is.
引文
[1]徐速超,冯夏庭,陈炳瑞.矽卡岩单轴循环加卸载试验及声发射特性研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(10):2929-2934.XU Su-chao,FENG Xia-ting,CHEN Bing-rui.Experimental study of skarn under uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading test and acoustic emission characteristics[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(10):2929-2934.
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[3]宋义敏,邢同振,赵同彬,等.岩石单轴压缩变形场演化的声发射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(3):534-542.SONG Yi-min,XING Tong-zhen,ZHAO Tong-bin,et al.Acoustic emission characteristics of deformation field development of rock under uniaxial loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(3):534-542.
[4]王云海,何学秋,窦林名.煤样变形破坏声电效应的演化规律及机理研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5):1569-1575.WANG Yun-hai,HE Xue-qiu,DOU Lin-ming.Study on regularity and mechanism of acoustic emission and electromagnetic emission during fracture process of coal samples[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(5):1569-1575.
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[8]XU Su-chao,FENG Xia-ting,CHEN Bing-rui.Acoustic emission characteristics and mechanical behavior of skarn under uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading[C]//Controlling Seismic Hazard and Sustainable Development of Deep Mines(Volume 1).Paramus:Rinton Press,2009.
[9]付斌,周宗红,王海泉,等.大理岩单轴循环加卸载破坏声发射先兆信息研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(8):1946-1953.FU Bin,ZHOU Zong-hong,WANG Hai-quan,et al.Precursor information study on acoustic emission characteristics of marble under uniaxial cyclic loadingunloading[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(8):1946-1953.
[10]夏冬,杨天鸿,王培涛,等.干燥及饱和岩石循环加卸载过程中声发射特征试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(7):1243-1247.XIA Dong,YANG Tian-hong,WANG Pei-tao,et al.Experimental study of acoustic emission characteristics of dry and saturated rocks during cyclic loading and unloading process[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(7):1243-1247.
[11]张宁博,齐庆新,欧阳振华,等.不同应力路径下大理岩声发射特性试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):389-394.ZHANG Ning-bo,QI Qing-xin,OUYANG Zhen-hua,et al.Experimental on acoustic emission characteristics of marble with different stress paths[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):389-394.
[12]刘建坡,李元辉,杨宇江.基于声发射监测循环载荷下岩石损伤过程[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(10):1476-1479.LIU Jian-po,LI Yuan-hui,YANG Yu-jiang.Rock damage process based on acoustic emission monitoring under cyclic loading[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2011,32(10):1476-1479.
[13]宋义敏,邢同振,邓琳琳,等.不同加载速率下岩石变形场演化试验研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(10):2773-2779.SONG Yi-min,XING Tong-zhen,DENG Lin-lin,et al.Experimental study of evolution characteristics of rock deformation field at different loading rates[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(10):2773-2779.
[14]何俊,潘结南,王安虎.三轴循环加卸载作用下煤样的声发射特征[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(1):84-90.HE Jun,PAN Jie-nan,WANG An-hu.Acoustic emission characteristics of coal specimen under triaxial cyclic loading and unloading[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(1):84-90.
[15]陈宇龙,魏作安,张千贵.等幅循环加载与分级循环加载下砂岩声发射Felicity效应试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(2):226-230.CHEN Yu-long,WEI Zuo-an,ZHANG Qian-gui.Experimental study on Felicity effect of acoustic emission in rock under cyclic loading and tiered cyclic loading[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(2):226-230.
[2]马胜利,雷兴林,刘力强.标本非均匀性对岩石变形声发射时空分布的影响及其地震学意义[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(1):127-131.MA Sheng-li,LEI Xing-lin,LIU Li-qiang.Effects of heterogeneity in rock samples on spatial and temporal distribution of acoustic emission and their significance in seismology[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(1):127-131.
[3]宋义敏,邢同振,赵同彬,等.岩石单轴压缩变形场演化的声发射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(3):534-542.SONG Yi-min,XING Tong-zhen,ZHAO Tong-bin,et al.Acoustic emission characteristics of deformation field development of rock under uniaxial loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(3):534-542.
[4]王云海,何学秋,窦林名.煤样变形破坏声电效应的演化规律及机理研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5):1569-1575.WANG Yun-hai,HE Xue-qiu,DOU Lin-ming.Study on regularity and mechanism of acoustic emission and electromagnetic emission during fracture process of coal samples[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(5):1569-1575.
[5]腾山邦久.声发射(AE)技术的应用[M].冯夏庭,译.北京:冶金工业出版社,1996.KATSUYAMA K.Application of AE techniques[M].Transtated by FENG Xia-ting.Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,1996.
[6]秦四清,李造鼎,张倬元,等.岩石声发射技术概论[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1993.QIN Si-qing,LI Zao-ding,ZHANG Zhuo-yuan,et al.An introduction to acoustic emission techniques in rocks[M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,1993.
[7]MENG Qing-bin,ZHANG Ming-wei,HAN Li-jun,et al.Effects of acoustic emission and energy evolution of rock specimens under the uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading compression[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2016,49(10):3873-3886.
[8]XU Su-chao,FENG Xia-ting,CHEN Bing-rui.Acoustic emission characteristics and mechanical behavior of skarn under uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading[C]//Controlling Seismic Hazard and Sustainable Development of Deep Mines(Volume 1).Paramus:Rinton Press,2009.
[9]付斌,周宗红,王海泉,等.大理岩单轴循环加卸载破坏声发射先兆信息研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(8):1946-1953.FU Bin,ZHOU Zong-hong,WANG Hai-quan,et al.Precursor information study on acoustic emission characteristics of marble under uniaxial cyclic loadingunloading[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(8):1946-1953.
[10]夏冬,杨天鸿,王培涛,等.干燥及饱和岩石循环加卸载过程中声发射特征试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(7):1243-1247.XIA Dong,YANG Tian-hong,WANG Pei-tao,et al.Experimental study of acoustic emission characteristics of dry and saturated rocks during cyclic loading and unloading process[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(7):1243-1247.
[11]张宁博,齐庆新,欧阳振华,等.不同应力路径下大理岩声发射特性试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):389-394.ZHANG Ning-bo,QI Qing-xin,OUYANG Zhen-hua,et al.Experimental on acoustic emission characteristics of marble with different stress paths[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):389-394.
[12]刘建坡,李元辉,杨宇江.基于声发射监测循环载荷下岩石损伤过程[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(10):1476-1479.LIU Jian-po,LI Yuan-hui,YANG Yu-jiang.Rock damage process based on acoustic emission monitoring under cyclic loading[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2011,32(10):1476-1479.
[13]宋义敏,邢同振,邓琳琳,等.不同加载速率下岩石变形场演化试验研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(10):2773-2779.SONG Yi-min,XING Tong-zhen,DENG Lin-lin,et al.Experimental study of evolution characteristics of rock deformation field at different loading rates[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(10):2773-2779.
[14]何俊,潘结南,王安虎.三轴循环加卸载作用下煤样的声发射特征[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(1):84-90.HE Jun,PAN Jie-nan,WANG An-hu.Acoustic emission characteristics of coal specimen under triaxial cyclic loading and unloading[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(1):84-90.
[15]陈宇龙,魏作安,张千贵.等幅循环加载与分级循环加载下砂岩声发射Felicity效应试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(2):226-230.CHEN Yu-long,WEI Zuo-an,ZHANG Qian-gui.Experimental study on Felicity effect of acoustic emission in rock under cyclic loading and tiered cyclic loading[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(2):226-230.