基于高频次GOCI数据的太湖悬浮物浓度短期动态和驱动力分析
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摘要
总悬浮物是水体中重要的光学敏感物质之一,很大程度上决定了水柱中光的吸收、散射和衰减,同时吸附营养盐、重金属和有毒有害物,对水体物质生物地球化学过程、沉积物埋藏动力和湖泊环境演化具有重要的意义.基于星地同步实验和静止水色成像仪GOCI(Geostationary Ocean Color Imager)构建了太湖悬浮物浓度估算模型,并分析了典型风浪过程中太湖悬浮物浓度短期动态变化过程.研究表明:对太湖水体悬浮物浓度较为敏感的波段为GOCI的第7波段(745nm)和第8波段(865 nm),悬浮物浓度与对应波段遥感反射率线性相关决定系数分别为0.72和0.55;基于GOCI第7波段的悬浮物浓度单波段遥感估算模型能较为准确地估算太湖的悬浮物浓度,模型相对均方根误差和平均绝对百分误差分别为28.3%和24.4%.通过研究典型风浪过程前后太湖悬浮物浓度变化发现其短期动态变化显著,风速、风向是悬浮物浓度短期动态变化的重要驱动因素,悬浮物浓度与风速呈正比,并随着风向扩散;高频连续GOCI影像结果显示悬浮物浓度短期动态变化对风浪扰动的响应有一定的滞后性,滞后时间为数小时到1天,悬浮物沉降与沉积物再悬浮的临界风速约为3.4 m/s.
Total suspended matter( TSM) is one of the important optical active substances in water body,which largely determines the absorption,scattering and attenuation of light in water column and adsorbs nutrients,heavy metals and toxic and harmful substances. Therefore,TSM is of great important to biogeochemical processes of water substance,lake sediment burial dynamics andlake environment evolution. This study developed TSM estimation model in Lake Taihu based on satellite-ground synchronous experiment and Geostationary Ocean Color Imager( GOCI) image,and further analyzed TSM short-term dynamics in Lake Taihu during its typical wind-waves process. The results showed that the band 7( 745 nm) and band 8( 865 nm) of GOCI data were the sensitive bands of TSM estimation in Lake Taihu with the linear correlation determination coefficients of 0.72 and 0.55,respectively. A single band empirical model based on GOCI band 7 was used to estimate the TSM concentration of Lake Taihu and its relative root mean square error and mean absolute percentage error were 28.3% and 24.4%,respectively. Significant short-term TSM dynamic change was observed in Lake Taihu,and wind direction and wind speed were the important factors determining TSM concentration.TSM concentration increased with the increase of wind speed and diffused along with wind direction. High-frequency continuous GOCI images showed that the short-term dynamics of TSM concentration had a certain lag in response to wind-wave disturbance.The lag time ranged from several hours to one day,and the critical wind speed of TSM settling and sediment resuspension was about 3.4 m/s.
Total suspended matter( TSM) is one of the important optical active substances in water body,which largely determines the absorption,scattering and attenuation of light in water column and adsorbs nutrients,heavy metals and toxic and harmful substances. Therefore,TSM is of great important to biogeochemical processes of water substance,lake sediment burial dynamics andlake environment evolution. This study developed TSM estimation model in Lake Taihu based on satellite-ground synchronous experiment and Geostationary Ocean Color Imager( GOCI) image,and further analyzed TSM short-term dynamics in Lake Taihu during its typical wind-waves process. The results showed that the band 7( 745 nm) and band 8( 865 nm) of GOCI data were the sensitive bands of TSM estimation in Lake Taihu with the linear correlation determination coefficients of 0.72 and 0.55,respectively. A single band empirical model based on GOCI band 7 was used to estimate the TSM concentration of Lake Taihu and its relative root mean square error and mean absolute percentage error were 28.3% and 24.4%,respectively. Significant short-term TSM dynamic change was observed in Lake Taihu,and wind direction and wind speed were the important factors determining TSM concentration.TSM concentration increased with the increase of wind speed and diffused along with wind direction. High-frequency continuous GOCI images showed that the short-term dynamics of TSM concentration had a certain lag in response to wind-wave disturbance.The lag time ranged from several hours to one day,and the critical wind speed of TSM settling and sediment resuspension was about 3.4 m/s.
引文
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[14]He X,Bai Y,Pan D et al.Using geostationary satellite ocean color data to map the diurnal dynamics of suspended particulate matter in coastal waters.Remote Sensing of Environment,2013,133(12):225-239.DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2013.01.023.
[15]Huang C,Yang H,Zhu AX et al.Evaluation of the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager GOCI to monitor the dynamic characteristics of suspension sediment in Taihu Lake.International Journal of Remote Sensing,2015,36(15):3859-3874.DOI:10.1080/01431161.2015.1070323.
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[17]Xu PZ,Qin BQ.Degeneration of ecosystem of lakeside zone around Taihu Lake and planning for its rehabilitation.Water Resources Protection,2002,(3):31-36.[许朋柱,秦伯强.太湖湖滨带生态系统退化原因以及恢复与重建设想.水资源保护,2002,(3):31-36.]
[18]Huang CC,Li YM,Wang Q et al.Bio-optical retrieval model of suspended particles in Tai Lake using MERIS image.Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves,2012,31(4):367-374.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1010.2012.00367.[黄昌春,李云梅,王桥等.太湖水体悬浮颗粒物生物光学模型及MERIS数据反演.红外与毫米波学报,2012,31(4):367-374.]
[19]Yang JX,Wang YP,Yang Y.Atmospheric correction model of remote sensing image by regression analysis between elevation/aerosol optical thickness and correction parameters of 6S model.Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2009,24(3):331-340.[杨静学,王云鹏,杨勇.基于高程或气溶胶厚度与6S模型校正参数回归方程的遥感图像大气校正模型.遥感技术与应用,2009,24(3):331-340.]
[20]Jiang S,Li XW,Niu ZC et al.Monitor and evaluation of atmospheric visibility in Taihu area by remote sensing from 1984to 2015.Environmental Monitoring in China,2017,33(5):176-179.[姜晟,李旭文,牛志春等.1984 2015年太湖地区大气能见度变化遥感监测与评价.中国环境监测,2017,33(5):176-179.]
[21]Zhao LN,Wang YN,Jin Q et al.Method for estimating the concentration of total suspended matter in lakes based on goci images using a classification system.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(16):5528-5536.DOI:10.5846/stxb201411-152264.[赵丽娜,王艳楠,金琦等.基于GOCI影像的湖泊悬浮物浓度分类反演.生态学报,2015,35(16):5528-5536.]
[22]Choi JK,Park YJ,Bo RL et al.Application of the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager(GOCI)to mapping the temporal dynamics of coastal water turbidity.Remote Sensing of Environment,2014,146:24-35.DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2013.05.032.
[23]Zhu GW,Qin BQ,Gao G.Direct evidence of phosphorus outbreak release from sediment to overlying water in a large shallow lake caused by strong wind wave disturbance.Chinese Science Bulletin,2005,50(1):66-71.[朱广伟,秦伯强,高光.风浪扰动引起大型浅水湖泊内源磷暴发性释放的直接证据.科学通报,2005,50(1):66-71.]
[24]Dobrynin M,Gayer G,Pleskachevsky A et al.Effect of waves and currents on the dynamics and seasonal variations of suspended particulate matter in the North Sea.Journal of Marine Systems,2010,82(1/2):1-20.DOI:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.02.012.
[25]Xiang J,Pang Y,Li YP et al.Hydrostatic settling suspended matter of large shallow lake.Advances in Water Science,2008,19(1):111-115.[向军,逄勇,李一平等.浅水湖泊水体中不同颗粒悬浮物静沉降规律研究.水科学进展,2008,19(1):111-115.]
[26]Qin B,Hu W,Gao G et al.Dynamics of sediment resuspension and the conceptual schema of nutrient release in the large shallow Lake Taihu,China.Chinese Science Bulletin,2004,49(1):54-64.DOI:10.1007/BF02901743.
[27]Li Y,Tang C,Wang J et al.Effect of wave-current interactions on sediment resuspension in large shallow Lake Taihu,China.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(4):4029-4039.DOI:10.1007/s11356-016-8165-0.
[28]Wang J,Pang Y,Li Y et al.Experimental study of wind-induced sediment suspension and nutrient release in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu,China.Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2015,22(14):10471-10479.DOI:10.1007/s11356-015-4247-7.
[29]Zheng SS,Wang PF,Wang C et al.Sediment resuspension under action of wind in Taihu Lake,China.International Journal of Sediment Research,2015,30(1):48-62.DOI:10.1016/S1001-6279(15)60005-1.
[30]Zhang YL,Qin BQ,Chen WM et al.A study on total suspended matter in Lake Taihu.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2004,13(3):266-271.[张运林,秦伯强,陈伟民等.太湖水体中悬浮物研究.长江流域资源与环境,2004,13(3):266-271.]
[31]Pang Y,Li YP,Luo LC.Study on the simulation of transparency of Lake Taihu under different hydrodynamic conditions.Science in China,2005,35(z2):145-156.[逄勇,李一平,罗潋葱.水动力条件下太湖透明度模拟研究.中国科学,2005,35(z2):145-156.]
[32]Zhang YL,Shi K,Zhou YQ et al.Monitoring the river plume induced by heavy rainfall events in large,shallow,Lake Taihu using MODIS 250 m imagery.Remote Sensing of Environment,2016,173:109-121.
[2]Zhang Y,Wu Z,Liu M et al.Thermal structure and response to long-term climatic changes in Lake Qiandaohu,a deep subtropical reservoir in China.Limnology and Oceanography,2014,59(4):1193-1202.DOI:10.4319/lo.2014.59.4.1193.
[3]Rickson RJ.Can control of soil erosion mitigate water pollution by sediments?Science of the Total Environment,2014,468-469(2):1187.DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.057.
[4]Fabio N.Güttler,Niculescu S,Gohin F.Turbidity retrieval and monitoring of Danube Delta waters using multi-sensor optical remote sensing data:An integrated view from the delta plain lakes to the western-northwestern Black Sea coastal zone.Remote Sensing of Environment,2013,132(6):86-101.DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2013.01.009.
[5]Zhang Y,Zhang Y,Shi K et al.A Landsat 8 OLI-Based,Semianalytical model for estimating the total suspended matter concentration in the slightly turbid Xin’anjiang Reservoir(China).IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing,2016,9(1):398-413.DOI:10.1109/JSTARS.2015.2509469.
[6]Shi K,Zhang Y,Zhu G et al.Long-term remote monitoring of total suspended matter concentration in Lake Taihu using250 m MODIS-Aqua data.Remote Sensing of Environment,2015,164(2):43-56.DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2015.02.029.
[7]Zhang Y,Shi K,Liu X et al.Lake topography and wind waves determining seasonal-spatial dynamics of total suspended matter in turbid Lake Taihu,China:Assessment using long-term high-resolution MERIS data.PLo S One,2014,9(5):e98055.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0098055.
[8]Zheng Z,Li Y,Guo Y et al.Landsat-based long-term monitoring of total suspended matter concentration pattern change in the wet season for Dongting Lake,China.Remote Sensing,2015,7(10):13975-13999.DOI:10.3390/rs71013975.
[9]Nechad B,Ruddick KG,Park Y.Calibration and validation of a generic multisensor algorithm for mapping of total suspended matter in turbid waters.Remote Sensing of Environment,2010,114(4):854-866.DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2009.11.022.
[10]Ma RH,Tang JW,Duan HT et al.Progress in lake water color remote sensing.J Lake Sci,2009,21(2):143-158.DOI:10.18307/2009.0201.[马荣华,唐军武,段洪涛等.湖泊水色遥感研究进展.湖泊科学,2009,21(2):143-158.]
[11]Zhu GW,Qin BQ,Gao G.Vertical distribution of the concentrations of phosphorus and suspended solid in Taihu Lake affected by wind-induced wave.Advances in Water Science,2004,15(6):775-780.[朱广伟,秦伯强,高光.强弱风浪扰动下太湖的营养盐垂向分布特征.水科学进展,2004,15(6):775-780.]
[12]Suh AS,Lee H,Kim D et al.KMA geostationary satellite program:COMS(Communication,Ocean and Meteorological Satellite)and its application.2009.
[13]Kang G,Kang S,Yong S et al.Korea Geostationary Ocean Color Imager(KGOCI).Proc IGARSS,2004,1(C):3261-3263.DOI:10.1109/igarss.2004.1370397.
[14]He X,Bai Y,Pan D et al.Using geostationary satellite ocean color data to map the diurnal dynamics of suspended particulate matter in coastal waters.Remote Sensing of Environment,2013,133(12):225-239.DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2013.01.023.
[15]Huang C,Yang H,Zhu AX et al.Evaluation of the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager GOCI to monitor the dynamic characteristics of suspension sediment in Taihu Lake.International Journal of Remote Sensing,2015,36(15):3859-3874.DOI:10.1080/01431161.2015.1070323.
[16]Qin BQ,Yang GJ,Ma JR et al.Dynamics of variability and mechanism of harmful cyanobacteria bloom in Lake Taihu,China.Chinese Science Bulletin,2016,61(7):759-770.DOI:10.1360/N972015-00400.[秦伯强,杨桂军,马健荣等.太湖蓝藻水华“暴发”的动态特征及其机制.科学通报,2016,61(7):759-770.]
[17]Xu PZ,Qin BQ.Degeneration of ecosystem of lakeside zone around Taihu Lake and planning for its rehabilitation.Water Resources Protection,2002,(3):31-36.[许朋柱,秦伯强.太湖湖滨带生态系统退化原因以及恢复与重建设想.水资源保护,2002,(3):31-36.]
[18]Huang CC,Li YM,Wang Q et al.Bio-optical retrieval model of suspended particles in Tai Lake using MERIS image.Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves,2012,31(4):367-374.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1010.2012.00367.[黄昌春,李云梅,王桥等.太湖水体悬浮颗粒物生物光学模型及MERIS数据反演.红外与毫米波学报,2012,31(4):367-374.]
[19]Yang JX,Wang YP,Yang Y.Atmospheric correction model of remote sensing image by regression analysis between elevation/aerosol optical thickness and correction parameters of 6S model.Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2009,24(3):331-340.[杨静学,王云鹏,杨勇.基于高程或气溶胶厚度与6S模型校正参数回归方程的遥感图像大气校正模型.遥感技术与应用,2009,24(3):331-340.]
[20]Jiang S,Li XW,Niu ZC et al.Monitor and evaluation of atmospheric visibility in Taihu area by remote sensing from 1984to 2015.Environmental Monitoring in China,2017,33(5):176-179.[姜晟,李旭文,牛志春等.1984 2015年太湖地区大气能见度变化遥感监测与评价.中国环境监测,2017,33(5):176-179.]
[21]Zhao LN,Wang YN,Jin Q et al.Method for estimating the concentration of total suspended matter in lakes based on goci images using a classification system.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(16):5528-5536.DOI:10.5846/stxb201411-152264.[赵丽娜,王艳楠,金琦等.基于GOCI影像的湖泊悬浮物浓度分类反演.生态学报,2015,35(16):5528-5536.]
[22]Choi JK,Park YJ,Bo RL et al.Application of the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager(GOCI)to mapping the temporal dynamics of coastal water turbidity.Remote Sensing of Environment,2014,146:24-35.DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2013.05.032.
[23]Zhu GW,Qin BQ,Gao G.Direct evidence of phosphorus outbreak release from sediment to overlying water in a large shallow lake caused by strong wind wave disturbance.Chinese Science Bulletin,2005,50(1):66-71.[朱广伟,秦伯强,高光.风浪扰动引起大型浅水湖泊内源磷暴发性释放的直接证据.科学通报,2005,50(1):66-71.]
[24]Dobrynin M,Gayer G,Pleskachevsky A et al.Effect of waves and currents on the dynamics and seasonal variations of suspended particulate matter in the North Sea.Journal of Marine Systems,2010,82(1/2):1-20.DOI:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.02.012.
[25]Xiang J,Pang Y,Li YP et al.Hydrostatic settling suspended matter of large shallow lake.Advances in Water Science,2008,19(1):111-115.[向军,逄勇,李一平等.浅水湖泊水体中不同颗粒悬浮物静沉降规律研究.水科学进展,2008,19(1):111-115.]
[26]Qin B,Hu W,Gao G et al.Dynamics of sediment resuspension and the conceptual schema of nutrient release in the large shallow Lake Taihu,China.Chinese Science Bulletin,2004,49(1):54-64.DOI:10.1007/BF02901743.
[27]Li Y,Tang C,Wang J et al.Effect of wave-current interactions on sediment resuspension in large shallow Lake Taihu,China.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(4):4029-4039.DOI:10.1007/s11356-016-8165-0.
[28]Wang J,Pang Y,Li Y et al.Experimental study of wind-induced sediment suspension and nutrient release in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu,China.Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2015,22(14):10471-10479.DOI:10.1007/s11356-015-4247-7.
[29]Zheng SS,Wang PF,Wang C et al.Sediment resuspension under action of wind in Taihu Lake,China.International Journal of Sediment Research,2015,30(1):48-62.DOI:10.1016/S1001-6279(15)60005-1.
[30]Zhang YL,Qin BQ,Chen WM et al.A study on total suspended matter in Lake Taihu.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2004,13(3):266-271.[张运林,秦伯强,陈伟民等.太湖水体中悬浮物研究.长江流域资源与环境,2004,13(3):266-271.]
[31]Pang Y,Li YP,Luo LC.Study on the simulation of transparency of Lake Taihu under different hydrodynamic conditions.Science in China,2005,35(z2):145-156.[逄勇,李一平,罗潋葱.水动力条件下太湖透明度模拟研究.中国科学,2005,35(z2):145-156.]
[32]Zhang YL,Shi K,Zhou YQ et al.Monitoring the river plume induced by heavy rainfall events in large,shallow,Lake Taihu using MODIS 250 m imagery.Remote Sensing of Environment,2016,173:109-121.