基于能值分析的农业园区循环经济发展评价研究
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摘要
为促进农业循环园区降低资源消耗和减少污染,实现农业现代化的新要求,该文构建了农业园区循环经济系统能值评价指标体系,以西北某农业科技园区为例进行评价。结果表明:该园区经济发展程度整体较好,但二三产业发展较为薄弱;园区能值投资率为8.06,能值产出率为1.12,能值再利用率为29.27%,整体资源再利用程度偏低;园区环境负荷率为8.11,废弃物能值比为11.57%,废弃物利用率为69.61%,废弃物资源化利用程度有限;可持续发展指数为1.61,改进的可持续发展指数为3.42,生态效率指数为0.88,产业结构较为单一且不均衡。建议园区改善资源利用,优化产业结构,增加系统强度和生产效率。该研究对国内其他农业园区循环经济的发展评价也有借鉴意义。
Circular agricultural park is a new organizational form of agricultural intensive production and enterprise management. It is also a cut-in point for the close combination of agricultural science and technology with rural economy and an important carrier for the transformation of high-tech achievements into real productive forces. In order to promote the reduction of resource consumption and pollution reduction in the circular agricultural park, realize the new requirements of agricultural modernization, with the development of agricultural supply side as the main line, the green development as the guide, and the institutional reform and mechanism innovation as the driving force. "Reduce", "Reuse" and "Recycle" are the core agricultural recycling economy. Based on the field research, the emergy value analysis is used to analyze and calculate the ecological flow in the agricultural recycling park system, and to reduce non-renewable resource consumption and reduce pollution. In order to maximize the economic benefits, the discharge pressure is the goal of building the circular economy system emergy value evaluation index system. Taking an agricultural science and technology park in the northwest as an example, the demand for various resources in the ecosystem of the park and the pressure of the discharged waste on the system are analyzed. The aim is to evaluate the sustainability of the park's circular economy development and make relevant development proposals. The results show that the primary industry in the park is dominant, and the economic development is highly dependent on the external raw materials and energy. The output emergy value is 42.05% of the total input emergy value, the emergy per-person value(EPP) is 5.04×1016 sej/person, emergy per-area(EPA) is 6.96×1012 m~2. The overall economic development is better, but the development of the secondary and tertiary industries is weak; the park's emergy investment ratio(EIR)) is 8.06, the emergy yield ratio(EYR) is 1.12, and the emergy reuse rate(ERR) is 29.27%. The resource utilization shows high external dependence, the overall resource reuse degree is low, and the use of its own resources. There is still much room for improvement in production efficiency; the emergy loading ratio(ELR) of the park is 8.11, the emergy waste ratio(EWR) is 11.57%, the waste utilization ratio(WUR) is 69.61%, the pressure of production activities on the environment is at a moderate level, and there is a certain waste recycling industry, but the overall utilization is limited; the emergy sustainable index(ESI) is 1.61, the sustainable development index(SDI) is 3.42, and the urban eco-efficiency index(UEI) is 0.88. The economic system is simple in level, the industrial structure is relatively simple, and there are still some shortcomings in self-organization ability, development potential and recycling capacity. The sustainable development performance needs to be improved. The industrial structure is relatively simple and is not balanced, and the utilization and resource efficiency of existing industries is low, which limits the further development of the park. It is recommended that the park further develops internal resources, improves resource utilization, increases system strength, adjusts the industrial structure of the park, coordinates industrial development, and enhances production efficiency. This is also useful for the evaluation of the development of circular economy in other agricultural parks in China.
Circular agricultural park is a new organizational form of agricultural intensive production and enterprise management. It is also a cut-in point for the close combination of agricultural science and technology with rural economy and an important carrier for the transformation of high-tech achievements into real productive forces. In order to promote the reduction of resource consumption and pollution reduction in the circular agricultural park, realize the new requirements of agricultural modernization, with the development of agricultural supply side as the main line, the green development as the guide, and the institutional reform and mechanism innovation as the driving force. "Reduce", "Reuse" and "Recycle" are the core agricultural recycling economy. Based on the field research, the emergy value analysis is used to analyze and calculate the ecological flow in the agricultural recycling park system, and to reduce non-renewable resource consumption and reduce pollution. In order to maximize the economic benefits, the discharge pressure is the goal of building the circular economy system emergy value evaluation index system. Taking an agricultural science and technology park in the northwest as an example, the demand for various resources in the ecosystem of the park and the pressure of the discharged waste on the system are analyzed. The aim is to evaluate the sustainability of the park's circular economy development and make relevant development proposals. The results show that the primary industry in the park is dominant, and the economic development is highly dependent on the external raw materials and energy. The output emergy value is 42.05% of the total input emergy value, the emergy per-person value(EPP) is 5.04×1016 sej/person, emergy per-area(EPA) is 6.96×1012 m~2. The overall economic development is better, but the development of the secondary and tertiary industries is weak; the park's emergy investment ratio(EIR)) is 8.06, the emergy yield ratio(EYR) is 1.12, and the emergy reuse rate(ERR) is 29.27%. The resource utilization shows high external dependence, the overall resource reuse degree is low, and the use of its own resources. There is still much room for improvement in production efficiency; the emergy loading ratio(ELR) of the park is 8.11, the emergy waste ratio(EWR) is 11.57%, the waste utilization ratio(WUR) is 69.61%, the pressure of production activities on the environment is at a moderate level, and there is a certain waste recycling industry, but the overall utilization is limited; the emergy sustainable index(ESI) is 1.61, the sustainable development index(SDI) is 3.42, and the urban eco-efficiency index(UEI) is 0.88. The economic system is simple in level, the industrial structure is relatively simple, and there are still some shortcomings in self-organization ability, development potential and recycling capacity. The sustainable development performance needs to be improved. The industrial structure is relatively simple and is not balanced, and the utilization and resource efficiency of existing industries is low, which limits the further development of the park. It is recommended that the park further develops internal resources, improves resource utilization, increases system strength, adjusts the industrial structure of the park, coordinates industrial development, and enhances production efficiency. This is also useful for the evaluation of the development of circular economy in other agricultural parks in China.
引文
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[3]李冬艳.关注农业农村环境保护:2004年以来中央一号文件关于农业农村环境保护问题综述[J].环境保护与循环经济,2014,34(4):4-10.Li Dongyan.Pay attention to the environmental protection of agriculture and rural areas:A summary of central document No.1 on agricultural and rural environmental protection since2004[J].Environmental Protection and Circular Economy,2014,34(4):4-10.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[7]刘艳军.关于建立现代农业园区发展农业经济的思考[J].现代农机,2016(2):15-17.Liu Yanjun.Thoughts on establishing modern agricultural parks to develop agricultural economy[J].Modern Agricultural Machinery,2016(2):15-17.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]Migliorini P,Scaltriti B.Evaluation of sustainability of the farms in the agricultural park of South Milan and their production chain[J].New Medit,2012,11(4):53-56.
[9]Davodi H,Maghsoudi T,Fami H S,et al.Evaluation of strategies for developing the agriculture technology in the science and technology parks of Iran from faculty member aspect[J].African Journal of Agricultural Research,2013,30:4148-4156.
[10]刘雅霖.基于生态效率的洞庭湖区农业循环经济发展模式研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2017.Liu Yalin.Study on the Development Model of Agricultural Circular Economy in Dongting Lake Area based on Ecological Efficiency[D].Changsha:Central South University of Forestry and Technology,2017.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]于晓秋,任晓雪,野金花,等.基于数据包络分析的农业循环经济评价:以黑龙江省各地区为例[J].数学的实践与认识,2017,47(6):35-41.Yu Xiaoqiu,Ren Xiaoxue,Ye Jinhua,et al.Evaluation of agricultural circular economy based on data envelopment analysis:Taking regions of Heilongjiang Province as an example[J].Journal of Mathematics in Practice and Theory,2017,47(6):35-41.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]林怡,范增峰,黄秀声,等.基于循环经济的生态养殖园区规划研究与案例分析:以福州创世纪生猪生态养殖园区为例[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(11):158-164.Lin Yi,Fan Zengfeng,Huang Xiusheng,et al.Planning and case analysis of ecological aquaculture park based on circular economy:Taking Fuzhou genesis pig ecological aquaculture park as an example[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(11):158-164.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]苗雨君,让米亚恩.农业循环经济发展存在问题及对策研究[J].农村经济与科技,2016,27(8):172-174.Miao Yujun,Rang Miya'en.Problems in the development of agricultural circular economy and countermeasures[J].Rural Economy and Science-Technology,2016,27(8):172-174(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]郭坤.产业园区循环经济发展效果评价与对策研究[D].天津:天津大学,2015.Guo Kun.Evaluation and Countermeasure Research on the Development Effect of Circular Economy in Industrial Parks[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]蓝盛芳,钦佩.生态系统的能值分析[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(1):129-131.Lan Shengfang,Qin Pei.Emergy value analysis of ecosystems[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2001,12(1):129-131.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]李双成,傅小锋,郑度.中国经济持续发展水平的能值分析[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(4):297-304.Li Shuangcheng,Fu Xiaofeng,Zheng Du.Analysis of the emergy value of China's sustained economic development level[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2001,16(4):297-304.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]张耀辉.农业生态系统能值分析方法[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(3):181-183.Zhang Yaohui.Agro-ecosystem emergy value analysis method[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2004,12(3):181-183.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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