Invar合金激光-MIG复合多层焊接焊缝形貌及显微组织
|
摘要
借助激光-MIG复合焊技术,采用Invar M93焊丝对厚度为19.05 mm的Invar合金板材进行多层对接焊实验。分析了工艺参数对焊缝熔深、熔宽及深宽比等宏观形貌参数的影响,并研究Invar合金复合焊接头不同区域的显微组织特点及形成原因。结果表明:从打底层到盖面层焊缝的平均深宽比由2.6减小到0.86,热影响区宽度明显增加,焊缝形貌由钉头状转变为高脚杯状。焊缝中心区域形成纵向分布的狭长奥氏体柱状树枝晶,两侧为斜向生长的奥氏体胞状树枝晶。从打底层到盖面层,焊缝中不同区域的晶粒度均逐渐增大。另外,相邻焊缝边界亦存在热影响区,出现联生结晶现象。
Invar alloy plates with thickness of 19.05 mm were welded with Invar M93 filler wire by laser-MIG hybrid welding. The effects of welding parameters on weld appearance including beam penetration, weld witch and depth-to-witch ratio were analyzed. The features and the forming mechanism of the microstructure on different regions of the weld were investigated. The results show that the weld depth-to-witch ratio gradually decreases from 2.6 to 0.86 in average and the witch of HAZ obviously increases from back weld to cover weld, leading to the weld appearance changing from nail-head shape to goblet shape. Narrow Austentic columnar dendrite crystals in longitudinal direction and oblique diagonal cellular dendrite crystal are formed in weld center and off-centered area, respectively. The grain size in different regions of the weld increases layer-by-layer. In addition, HAZ is also found at the boundary of adjacent weld layers, where appears epitaxial solidification.
Invar alloy plates with thickness of 19.05 mm were welded with Invar M93 filler wire by laser-MIG hybrid welding. The effects of welding parameters on weld appearance including beam penetration, weld witch and depth-to-witch ratio were analyzed. The features and the forming mechanism of the microstructure on different regions of the weld were investigated. The results show that the weld depth-to-witch ratio gradually decreases from 2.6 to 0.86 in average and the witch of HAZ obviously increases from back weld to cover weld, leading to the weld appearance changing from nail-head shape to goblet shape. Narrow Austentic columnar dendrite crystals in longitudinal direction and oblique diagonal cellular dendrite crystal are formed in weld center and off-centered area, respectively. The grain size in different regions of the weld increases layer-by-layer. In addition, HAZ is also found at the boundary of adjacent weld layers, where appears epitaxial solidification.
引文
[1]VASILIEV V V,RAZIN A F.Anisogrid composite lattice structures for spacecraft and aircraft applications[J].Composite Structures,2006,76(1):182-189.
[2]益小苏,张明,安学锋,刘立朋.先进航空树脂基复合材料研究与应用进展[J].工程塑料应用,2009,10:72-76.YI Xiao-su,ZHANG Ming,AN Xue-feng,LIU Li-peng.Development and application of advanced aeronautical polymer matrix composites[J].Engineering Plastics Application,2009,10:72-76.
[3]邱启艳,程文礼,徐洪波,陈静.国内航空复合材料工程化应用相关问题探讨[J].航空制造技术,2013,15:77-81.QIU Qi-yan,CHENG Wen-li,XU Hong-bo,CHEN Jing.Some issues on engineering manufacture of composites in domestic aviation[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2013,15:77-81.
[4]王玉华,陈洁,占小红,刘红兵,王苏明,李昊,邓景煜.复合材料Invar模具制造技术分析[J].航空制造技术,2014,11:93-95,99.WANG Yu-hua,CHEN Jie,ZHAN Xiao-hong,LIU Hong-bing,WANG Ming-su,LI Yu,DENG Jing-yu.Manufacturing technology research on invar composites mould[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2014,11:93-95,99.
[5]黄钢华,张冬梅,晏冬秀,杨霓虹,刘卫平.Invar钢模具制造工艺研究[J].航空工程进展,2011,4:485-488.HUANG Gang-hua,ZHANG Dong-mei,YAN Dong-xiu,YANG Ni-hong,LIU Wei-ping.Manufacturing technology research on invar steel mould[J].Advances in Aeronautical Science and Engineering,2011,4:485-488.
[6]陈昀,张明霞,苗承鹏,杨秉贤.Ni36Fe因瓦合金—老材料和新用途[J].金属世界,2009(6):92-97.CHEN Yun,ZHANG Ming-xia,MIAO Cheng-peng,YANG Bin-xian.Ni36Fe INVAR alloy-the old material and new application[J].Metal World,2009(6):92-97.
[7]ZHAO Yue,WU Ai-ping,YUTAKA S,HIROYUKI K.Fracture toughness of friction stir welded Invar 36 alloy at low temperature[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2011,32(12):89-92.
[8]廖志谦,刘希林,周川,张建欣.钛合金大厚板窄间隙焊接接头三维应力数值模拟计算[J].中国有色金属学报,2010,20(S1):s393-s398.LIAO Zhi-qian,LIU Xi-lin,ZHOU Chuan,ZHANG Jian-xin.Numerical simulation about three dimensional stress in titanium alloy heavy plate of narrow gap welded joint[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2010,20(S1):s393-s398.
[9]JEYAKUMAR M,CHRISTOPHER T.Defect assessment of welded specimen considering weld induced residual stresses using SINTAP procedure and FEA[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2013,23(5):1452-1458.
[10]张敏,周小华,李继红,王莹.中厚板CO2多层多道焊对接接头焊接残余应力及其分布[J].西安理工大学学报,2007,4:394-397.ZHANG Min,ZHOU Xiao-hua,LI Ji-hong,WANG Ying,Research on finite element of residual stresses of CO2 multipass welding in mid-thickness plate[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Technology,2007,4:394-397.
[11]李陈宾,刘黎明.激光-电弧复合热源焊接钛合金薄板T形结构件[J].焊接学报,2012,33(1):29-32.LI Chen-bin,LIU Li-ming.Laser-arc hybrid welding of T-type structure of titanium sheet[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2012,33(1):29-32.
[12]曾惠林,皮亚东,王新升,王世新,张杰.长输管道全位置激光-电弧复合焊接技术[J].焊接学报,2012,33(11):110-112.ZENG Hui-lin,PI Ya-dong,WANG Xin-sheng,WANG Shi-xin,ZHANG Jie.Research on all-position laser-arc hybrid welding for long distance transportation pipeline[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2012,33(11):110-112.
[13]BAGGER C,OLSEN F O.Review of laser hybrid welding[J].Journal of Laser Applications,2005,17(1):2-14.
[14]高明,谭兵,冯杰才,曾晓雁,严军.工艺参数对AZ31镁合金激光-MIG复合焊缝成形的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2009,15(2):222-227.GAO Ming,TAN Bing,FENG Jie-cai,ZENG Xiao-yan,YAN Jun.Effects of welding parameters on weld shape of laser-MIG hybrid welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2009,15(2):222-227.
[15]QIN Guo-liang,SU Yu-hu,WANG Shu-jun.Microstructures and properties of welded joint of aluminum alloy to galvanized steel by Nd:YAG laser+MIG arc hybrid brazing-fusion welding[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014,24(4):989-995.
[16]何晓蓉,高建军.精密殷钢模具加工工艺[J].模具工业,2002(5):56-59.HE Xiao-rong,GAO Jian-jun.The technology for processing the precision low expansion alloy die[J].Die&Mould Industry,2002(5):56-59.
[17]张家铭.民机复材结构用Invar钢模具焊接工艺优化研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013.ZHANG Jia-ming.Welding process optimization for invar steel mold used in civil aircraft composite structures[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2013.
[18]LI G,GAO M,CHEN C,ZENG X Y.Characterization comparison of laser and laser-arc hybrid welding of Invar 36alloy[J].Science and Technology of Welding and Joining,2014,19(1):30-37.
[19]XU Pei-quan,BAO Chen-ming,LU Feng-gui.Numerical simulation of laser-tungsten inert arc deep penetration welding between WC-Co cemented carbide and invar alloys[J].International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2011,53(9/12):1049-1062.
[20]XU Pei-quan.Dissimilar welding of WC-Co cemented carbide to Ni42Fe50.9C0.6Mn3.5Nb3 invar alloy by laser-tungsten inert gas hybrid welding[J].Materials&Design,2011,32(1):229-237.
[21]RUTTER J W,CHALMERS B.A prismatic substructure formed during solidification of metals[J].Can J Phys,1953,31(1):15-39.
[22]TILLER W A,JACKSON K A,RUTTER J W,CHALMERS B.The redistribution of solute atoms during the solidification of metals[J].Acta Met,1953,1(4):428-437.
[2]益小苏,张明,安学锋,刘立朋.先进航空树脂基复合材料研究与应用进展[J].工程塑料应用,2009,10:72-76.YI Xiao-su,ZHANG Ming,AN Xue-feng,LIU Li-peng.Development and application of advanced aeronautical polymer matrix composites[J].Engineering Plastics Application,2009,10:72-76.
[3]邱启艳,程文礼,徐洪波,陈静.国内航空复合材料工程化应用相关问题探讨[J].航空制造技术,2013,15:77-81.QIU Qi-yan,CHENG Wen-li,XU Hong-bo,CHEN Jing.Some issues on engineering manufacture of composites in domestic aviation[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2013,15:77-81.
[4]王玉华,陈洁,占小红,刘红兵,王苏明,李昊,邓景煜.复合材料Invar模具制造技术分析[J].航空制造技术,2014,11:93-95,99.WANG Yu-hua,CHEN Jie,ZHAN Xiao-hong,LIU Hong-bing,WANG Ming-su,LI Yu,DENG Jing-yu.Manufacturing technology research on invar composites mould[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2014,11:93-95,99.
[5]黄钢华,张冬梅,晏冬秀,杨霓虹,刘卫平.Invar钢模具制造工艺研究[J].航空工程进展,2011,4:485-488.HUANG Gang-hua,ZHANG Dong-mei,YAN Dong-xiu,YANG Ni-hong,LIU Wei-ping.Manufacturing technology research on invar steel mould[J].Advances in Aeronautical Science and Engineering,2011,4:485-488.
[6]陈昀,张明霞,苗承鹏,杨秉贤.Ni36Fe因瓦合金—老材料和新用途[J].金属世界,2009(6):92-97.CHEN Yun,ZHANG Ming-xia,MIAO Cheng-peng,YANG Bin-xian.Ni36Fe INVAR alloy-the old material and new application[J].Metal World,2009(6):92-97.
[7]ZHAO Yue,WU Ai-ping,YUTAKA S,HIROYUKI K.Fracture toughness of friction stir welded Invar 36 alloy at low temperature[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2011,32(12):89-92.
[8]廖志谦,刘希林,周川,张建欣.钛合金大厚板窄间隙焊接接头三维应力数值模拟计算[J].中国有色金属学报,2010,20(S1):s393-s398.LIAO Zhi-qian,LIU Xi-lin,ZHOU Chuan,ZHANG Jian-xin.Numerical simulation about three dimensional stress in titanium alloy heavy plate of narrow gap welded joint[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2010,20(S1):s393-s398.
[9]JEYAKUMAR M,CHRISTOPHER T.Defect assessment of welded specimen considering weld induced residual stresses using SINTAP procedure and FEA[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2013,23(5):1452-1458.
[10]张敏,周小华,李继红,王莹.中厚板CO2多层多道焊对接接头焊接残余应力及其分布[J].西安理工大学学报,2007,4:394-397.ZHANG Min,ZHOU Xiao-hua,LI Ji-hong,WANG Ying,Research on finite element of residual stresses of CO2 multipass welding in mid-thickness plate[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Technology,2007,4:394-397.
[11]李陈宾,刘黎明.激光-电弧复合热源焊接钛合金薄板T形结构件[J].焊接学报,2012,33(1):29-32.LI Chen-bin,LIU Li-ming.Laser-arc hybrid welding of T-type structure of titanium sheet[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2012,33(1):29-32.
[12]曾惠林,皮亚东,王新升,王世新,张杰.长输管道全位置激光-电弧复合焊接技术[J].焊接学报,2012,33(11):110-112.ZENG Hui-lin,PI Ya-dong,WANG Xin-sheng,WANG Shi-xin,ZHANG Jie.Research on all-position laser-arc hybrid welding for long distance transportation pipeline[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2012,33(11):110-112.
[13]BAGGER C,OLSEN F O.Review of laser hybrid welding[J].Journal of Laser Applications,2005,17(1):2-14.
[14]高明,谭兵,冯杰才,曾晓雁,严军.工艺参数对AZ31镁合金激光-MIG复合焊缝成形的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2009,15(2):222-227.GAO Ming,TAN Bing,FENG Jie-cai,ZENG Xiao-yan,YAN Jun.Effects of welding parameters on weld shape of laser-MIG hybrid welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2009,15(2):222-227.
[15]QIN Guo-liang,SU Yu-hu,WANG Shu-jun.Microstructures and properties of welded joint of aluminum alloy to galvanized steel by Nd:YAG laser+MIG arc hybrid brazing-fusion welding[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014,24(4):989-995.
[16]何晓蓉,高建军.精密殷钢模具加工工艺[J].模具工业,2002(5):56-59.HE Xiao-rong,GAO Jian-jun.The technology for processing the precision low expansion alloy die[J].Die&Mould Industry,2002(5):56-59.
[17]张家铭.民机复材结构用Invar钢模具焊接工艺优化研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013.ZHANG Jia-ming.Welding process optimization for invar steel mold used in civil aircraft composite structures[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2013.
[18]LI G,GAO M,CHEN C,ZENG X Y.Characterization comparison of laser and laser-arc hybrid welding of Invar 36alloy[J].Science and Technology of Welding and Joining,2014,19(1):30-37.
[19]XU Pei-quan,BAO Chen-ming,LU Feng-gui.Numerical simulation of laser-tungsten inert arc deep penetration welding between WC-Co cemented carbide and invar alloys[J].International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2011,53(9/12):1049-1062.
[20]XU Pei-quan.Dissimilar welding of WC-Co cemented carbide to Ni42Fe50.9C0.6Mn3.5Nb3 invar alloy by laser-tungsten inert gas hybrid welding[J].Materials&Design,2011,32(1):229-237.
[21]RUTTER J W,CHALMERS B.A prismatic substructure formed during solidification of metals[J].Can J Phys,1953,31(1):15-39.
[22]TILLER W A,JACKSON K A,RUTTER J W,CHALMERS B.The redistribution of solute atoms during the solidification of metals[J].Acta Met,1953,1(4):428-437.