Transient temperature and pressure calculation model of a wellbore for dual gradient drilling
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摘要
During deep-water oil and gas explorations, the dual gradient drilling(DGD) technology provides solutions to problems caused by the narrow density window and the shallow gas by controlling the pressure profile in the wellbore. A transient temperature calculation model is established with consideration of the heat generated by the pump in the specific processes of the DGD systems. Besides, the momentum equation is modified by considering the lift force of the pump on the drilling mud in the pressure calculation. An iterative scheme for the coupled temperature and pressure calculations is developed. Besides, the transient temperature and pressure are analyzed for a deep-water well in South Sea. It is shown that the bottom-hole pressure varies significantly with the transient temperature in the wellbore, and the change of the bottom-hole pressure in the case of the DGD(626 k Pa) is larger than that in case of the conventional drilling(115 k Pa) due to the constant inlet pressure of the subsea pump. With this fact in mind, an adequate safety margin is strongly recommended to be considered during the hydraulic parameter design of the DGD. Our results further show that the DGD can significantly extend the operation range of the drilling fluid density, and the advantage becomes more obvious in a deep water.
During deep-water oil and gas explorations, the dual gradient drilling(DGD) technology provides solutions to problems caused by the narrow density window and the shallow gas by controlling the pressure profile in the wellbore. A transient temperature calculation model is established with consideration of the heat generated by the pump in the specific processes of the DGD systems. Besides, the momentum equation is modified by considering the lift force of the pump on the drilling mud in the pressure calculation. An iterative scheme for the coupled temperature and pressure calculations is developed. Besides, the transient temperature and pressure are analyzed for a deep-water well in South Sea. It is shown that the bottom-hole pressure varies significantly with the transient temperature in the wellbore, and the change of the bottom-hole pressure in the case of the DGD(626 k Pa) is larger than that in case of the conventional drilling(115 k Pa) due to the constant inlet pressure of the subsea pump. With this fact in mind, an adequate safety margin is strongly recommended to be considered during the hydraulic parameter design of the DGD. Our results further show that the DGD can significantly extend the operation range of the drilling fluid density, and the advantage becomes more obvious in a deep water.
During deep-water oil and gas explorations, the dual gradient drilling(DGD) technology provides solutions to problems caused by the narrow density window and the shallow gas by controlling the pressure profile in the wellbore. A transient temperature calculation model is established with consideration of the heat generated by the pump in the specific processes of the DGD systems. Besides, the momentum equation is modified by considering the lift force of the pump on the drilling mud in the pressure calculation. An iterative scheme for the coupled temperature and pressure calculations is developed. Besides, the transient temperature and pressure are analyzed for a deep-water well in South Sea. It is shown that the bottom-hole pressure varies significantly with the transient temperature in the wellbore, and the change of the bottom-hole pressure in the case of the DGD(626 k Pa) is larger than that in case of the conventional drilling(115 k Pa) due to the constant inlet pressure of the subsea pump. With this fact in mind, an adequate safety margin is strongly recommended to be considered during the hydraulic parameter design of the DGD. Our results further show that the DGD can significantly extend the operation range of the drilling fluid density, and the advantage becomes more obvious in a deep water.
引文
[1]Gao F.P.Flow-pipe-soil coupling mechanisms and predictions for submarine pipeline instability[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2017,29(5):763-773.
[2]Chen G.M.,Yin Z.M.,Xu L.B.et al..Review of deepwater dual gradient drilling technology[J].Prtroleum exploration and development,2007,34(2):246-251.
[3]Goldsmith R.Mudlift drilling system operations[C].Offshors Technology Conference,Houston,Taxas,USA,1998.
[4]Eggemeyer J.C.,Conoco P.E.,Akins M.E.et al.Subsea mudlift drilling:Design and implementation of a dual gradient drilling system[C].SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,New Orleans,Louisiana,USA,2001.
[5]Schumacher J.P.,Dowell J.D.,Ribbeck L.R.et al.Subsea mudlift drilling:Planning and preparation for the first subsea field test of a full-scale dual gradient drilling system at Green Canyon 136,Gulf of Mexico[C].SPEAnnual Technical Conference and Exhibition,New Orleans,Louisiana,USA,2001.
[6]Hasan A.R.,Kabir C.S.Wellbore heat-transfer modeling and applications[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2012,86-87:127-136.
[7]Izgec B.,Kabir C.S.,Zhu D.et al.Transient fluid and heat flow modeling in coupled wellbore/reservoir systems[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering,2007,10(3):294-301.
[8]Li G.,Yang M.,Meng Y.et al.Transient heat transfer models of wellbore and formation systems during the drilling process under well kick conditions in the bottom-hole[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,93:339-347.
[9]Cheng W.L.,Han B.B.,Nian Y.L.et al.Study on wellbore heat loss during hot water with multiple fluids injection in offshore well[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,95:247-263.
[10]Jonggeun C.Analysis of riserless drilling and well-control hydraulics[J].SPE Drilling and Completion,1999,14(1):71-81.
[11]Gao Y.H.Study on multi-phase flow in wellbore and well control in deep water drilling[D].Doctoral Thesis,Qingdao,China:China University of Petroleum(East China),2007(in Chinese).
[12]Wang X.,Wang Z.,Deng X.et al.Coupled thermal model of wellbore and permafrost in arctic regions[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,123:1291-1299.
[13]Sun B.,Wang X.,Wang Z.et al.Transient temperature calculation method for deepwater cementing based on hydration kinetics model[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2018,129:1426-1434.
[14]Wei S.,Cheng L.,Huang W.et al.Flow behavior and heat transmission for steam injection wells considering the tubing buckling effect[J].Engergy Technology,2015,3(9):935-945.
[15]Wang Z.Y.,Sun B.J.Deepwater gas kick simulation with consideration of the gas hydrate phase transition[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2014,26(1):94-103.
[16]Sun B.,Guo Y.,Sun W.et al.Multiphase flow behavior for acid-gas mixture and drilling fluid flow in vertical wellbore[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2018,165:388-396.
[17]Bourgoyne A.T.J.,Millheim K.K.,Chenevert M.E.et al.Applied drilling engineering[M].Richardson,Texas,USA:Society of Petroleum Engineering,1986.
[18]Hoberock L.L.,Thomas D.C.,Nickens H.V.Here’s how compressibility and temperature affect bottom-hole mud pressure[J].Oil and Gas Journal,1982,80(12):159-164.
[19]Zhao S.,Yan J.,Shu Y.et al.Rheological properties of oil-based drilling fluids at high temperature and high pressure[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2008,15(s1):457-461.
[20]Chen Z.,Xie L.Special considerations for deepwater well temperature prediction[C].SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition,Nusa Dua,Bali,Indonesia,2015.
[2]Chen G.M.,Yin Z.M.,Xu L.B.et al..Review of deepwater dual gradient drilling technology[J].Prtroleum exploration and development,2007,34(2):246-251.
[3]Goldsmith R.Mudlift drilling system operations[C].Offshors Technology Conference,Houston,Taxas,USA,1998.
[4]Eggemeyer J.C.,Conoco P.E.,Akins M.E.et al.Subsea mudlift drilling:Design and implementation of a dual gradient drilling system[C].SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,New Orleans,Louisiana,USA,2001.
[5]Schumacher J.P.,Dowell J.D.,Ribbeck L.R.et al.Subsea mudlift drilling:Planning and preparation for the first subsea field test of a full-scale dual gradient drilling system at Green Canyon 136,Gulf of Mexico[C].SPEAnnual Technical Conference and Exhibition,New Orleans,Louisiana,USA,2001.
[6]Hasan A.R.,Kabir C.S.Wellbore heat-transfer modeling and applications[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2012,86-87:127-136.
[7]Izgec B.,Kabir C.S.,Zhu D.et al.Transient fluid and heat flow modeling in coupled wellbore/reservoir systems[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering,2007,10(3):294-301.
[8]Li G.,Yang M.,Meng Y.et al.Transient heat transfer models of wellbore and formation systems during the drilling process under well kick conditions in the bottom-hole[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,93:339-347.
[9]Cheng W.L.,Han B.B.,Nian Y.L.et al.Study on wellbore heat loss during hot water with multiple fluids injection in offshore well[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,95:247-263.
[10]Jonggeun C.Analysis of riserless drilling and well-control hydraulics[J].SPE Drilling and Completion,1999,14(1):71-81.
[11]Gao Y.H.Study on multi-phase flow in wellbore and well control in deep water drilling[D].Doctoral Thesis,Qingdao,China:China University of Petroleum(East China),2007(in Chinese).
[12]Wang X.,Wang Z.,Deng X.et al.Coupled thermal model of wellbore and permafrost in arctic regions[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,123:1291-1299.
[13]Sun B.,Wang X.,Wang Z.et al.Transient temperature calculation method for deepwater cementing based on hydration kinetics model[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2018,129:1426-1434.
[14]Wei S.,Cheng L.,Huang W.et al.Flow behavior and heat transmission for steam injection wells considering the tubing buckling effect[J].Engergy Technology,2015,3(9):935-945.
[15]Wang Z.Y.,Sun B.J.Deepwater gas kick simulation with consideration of the gas hydrate phase transition[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2014,26(1):94-103.
[16]Sun B.,Guo Y.,Sun W.et al.Multiphase flow behavior for acid-gas mixture and drilling fluid flow in vertical wellbore[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2018,165:388-396.
[17]Bourgoyne A.T.J.,Millheim K.K.,Chenevert M.E.et al.Applied drilling engineering[M].Richardson,Texas,USA:Society of Petroleum Engineering,1986.
[18]Hoberock L.L.,Thomas D.C.,Nickens H.V.Here’s how compressibility and temperature affect bottom-hole mud pressure[J].Oil and Gas Journal,1982,80(12):159-164.
[19]Zhao S.,Yan J.,Shu Y.et al.Rheological properties of oil-based drilling fluids at high temperature and high pressure[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2008,15(s1):457-461.
[20]Chen Z.,Xie L.Special considerations for deepwater well temperature prediction[C].SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition,Nusa Dua,Bali,Indonesia,2015.