Litter decomposition and the degradation of recalcitrant components in Pinus massoniana plantations with various canopy densities
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摘要
To understand the decomposition characteristics of Pinus massoniana foliar litter and the degradation of its refractory compounds in plantations under five canopy densities,a litter bag experiment over a decomposition time of 392 days was carried out.The results show that canopy density significantly affected decomposition rates of litter and degradation rate of lignin and cellulose.Litter decomposition rates decreased significantly with decreasing canopy density.Both lignin and cellulose degradation rates were lower with canopy densities of 0.62 and 0.74 as compared with the three other densities.Lignin and cellulose losses were more rapid in the first 118 days.Soil fauna had significant impacts on litter decomposition and the degradation of refractory compounds.Canopy density had significant effects on factors such as soil properties and soil fauna community structure,which could be conducive to the decomposition of litter and the degradation of litter recalcitrant components.Canopy density between 0.6 and 0.7 might be a favorable management practice promoting litter decomposition and beneficial for the sustainable development of P.massoniana plantations.
To understand the decomposition characteristics of Pinus massoniana foliar litter and the degradation of its refractory compounds in plantations under five canopy densities,a litter bag experiment over a decomposition time of 392 days was carried out.The results show that canopy density significantly affected decomposition rates of litter and degradation rate of lignin and cellulose.Litter decomposition rates decreased significantly with decreasing canopy density.Both lignin and cellulose degradation rates were lower with canopy densities of 0.62 and 0.74 as compared with the three other densities.Lignin and cellulose losses were more rapid in the first 118 days.Soil fauna had significant impacts on litter decomposition and the degradation of refractory compounds.Canopy density had significant effects on factors such as soil properties and soil fauna community structure,which could be conducive to the decomposition of litter and the degradation of litter recalcitrant components.Canopy density between 0.6 and 0.7 might be a favorable management practice promoting litter decomposition and beneficial for the sustainable development of P.massoniana plantations.
To understand the decomposition characteristics of Pinus massoniana foliar litter and the degradation of its refractory compounds in plantations under five canopy densities,a litter bag experiment over a decomposition time of 392 days was carried out.The results show that canopy density significantly affected decomposition rates of litter and degradation rate of lignin and cellulose.Litter decomposition rates decreased significantly with decreasing canopy density.Both lignin and cellulose degradation rates were lower with canopy densities of 0.62 and 0.74 as compared with the three other densities.Lignin and cellulose losses were more rapid in the first 118 days.Soil fauna had significant impacts on litter decomposition and the degradation of refractory compounds.Canopy density had significant effects on factors such as soil properties and soil fauna community structure,which could be conducive to the decomposition of litter and the degradation of litter recalcitrant components.Canopy density between 0.6 and 0.7 might be a favorable management practice promoting litter decomposition and beneficial for the sustainable development of P.massoniana plantations.
引文
Austin AT,Ballare CL(2010)Dual role of lignin in plant litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(10):4618-4622
Battaglia MA,Mou P,Palik B,Mitchell RJ(2002)The effect of spatially variable overstory on the understory light environment of an open-canopied longleaf pine forest.Can J For Res32(11):1984-1991
Berg B,McClaugherty C(2008)Plant litter.Decomposition,humus formation,carbon sequestration,2nd edn.Springer,New York
Brandt LA,King JY,Hobbie SE,Milchunas DG,Sinsabaugh RL(2010)The role of photo degradation in surface litter decomposition across a grassland ecosystem precipitation gradient.Ecosystems 13(5):765-781
Couteaux MM,Bottner P,Berg B(1995)Litter decomposition,climate and liter quality.Trends Ecol Evol 10:63-66
Cui NJ,Zhang DJ,Liu Y,Zhang J,Yang WQ,Ou J,Zhang J,Song XY,Yin R(2014)Plant diversity and seasonal dynamics in forest gaps of varying sizes in Pinus massoniana plantations.Chin J Plant Ecol 38(5):477-490
Flukes EB,Johnson CR,Wright JT(2014)Thinning of kelp canopy modifies understory assemblages:the importance of canopy density.Mar Ecol Progr Series 514(514):57-70
Fu LY,Sun H,Zhang HR,Lei XD,Lei YC,Tang SZ(2014)Effect of trunk diameter at chest height on the canopy characteristic factors of Chinese fir under different canopy density.Acta Ecol Sin 33(8):2434-2443
Guo PP,Jiang H,Shuquan YU,Yuandan MU,Dou R,Song X(2009)Comparison of litter decomposition of six species of coniferous and broad-leaved trees in subtropical China.Chin J Appl Environ Biol 15(5):655-659
He W,Wu FZ,Zhang DJ,Yang WQ,Tan B,Zhao YY(2015)The effects of forest gaps on cellulose degradation in the foliar litter of two shrub species in an alpine fir forest.Plant Soil393(1-2):109-122
He W,Wu FZ,Yang WQ,Tan B,Zhao YY,WU QQ(2016a)Lignin degradation in foliar litter of two shrub species from the gap center to the closed canopy in an alpine fir forest.Ecosystems19(1):115-128
He W,Wu FZ,Yang WQ,Zhang DJ,Xu ZF,Tan B,Zhao YY,Justine MF(2016b)Gap locations influence the release of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in two shrub foliar litter in an alpine fir forest.Sci Rep 6:22014
Herman J,Moorhead D,Berg B(2008)The relationship between rates of lignin and cellulose decay in aboveground forest litter.Soil Biol Biochem 40(10):2620-2626
Hossain MZ,Sugiyama SI(2011)Influences of plant litter diversity on decomposition,nutrient mineralization and soil microbial community structure.Grassl Sci 57(2):72-80
Li YN,Zhang BL,Qin SY,Li SY,Huang XR(2008)Research and application of canopy density and measuring method.World For Res 21(1):40-46
Lin N,Liu Y,Li GL,Lv RH,Wang SH,Hou BZ,Yin FJ(2010)Research progress of impact of thinning on plantation litter decomposition.World For Res 3:44-47
Liu MX,Shi JH,Wang XY,Peng QM(2011)Effect of canopy density and age on the function of the protection forest and the carbon sink and carbon sequestration value.J Northeast For Univ39(6):30-32
Lu RK(1999)Soil and agrochemical analytical methods.China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,Beijing,pp 146-195(In Chinese with English abstract)
Madsen P,Larsen JB(1996)Natural regeneration of beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)with respect to canopy density,soil moisture and soil carbon content.For Ecol Manage 97(2):95-105
Olson JS(1963)Energy storage and the balance of producer sand decomposers in ecological system.Ecology 44:322-331
Rahman MM,Tsukamoto J,Rahman MM,Yoneyama A,Mostafa KM(2013)Lignin and its effects on litter decomposition in forest ecosystems.Chem Ecol 29(6):540-553
Schwarz W(2001)The cellulosome and cellulose degradation by anaerobic bacteria.Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 56(5-6):634-649
S.F.A.(2013)[State Forestry Administration].China’s forest resources situation-eighth forest resources of national forest resources inventory.http://www.forestry.gov.cn/gjslzyqc.html
Shen WT(1995)Ecological problems and countermeasures in the development of artificial timber forest in China.World For Res8(2):51-55
Simoneta NY,Carlos F,Adrianc N,Graham R,Owilliam H(2008)Decomposition and macro invertebrates in experimental litter along a secondary chronosequence of tropical montane forest.Biol Fertil Soils 44(6):853-861
Tan B,Wu FZ,Yang WQ,Zhang J,Xu ZF,Liu Y,Gou XL(2013)Population structure of soil arthropod in different age Pinus massoniana plantations.Chin J Appl Ecol 24(4):1118-1124(in Chinese)
Tong WG,Chen SL,Zhou S,Chen D(2014)Correlative analysis between contents of nutrients and secondary substances in damaged Pinus massoniana needles and population parameters of Dendrolimus kikuchfi(Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae).Plant Dis Pests 55(4):435-443
Tsai CC,Chang YF,Hsu CW(2011)Effects of thinning treatments on nutrient release from decomposing needle litter of Sugi(Cryptomeria japonica D.Don)in northeast-ern Taiwan.Taiwan.J Polym Res 26(2):163-177
Wall DH,Bradford MA,St Johnet MG,Trofymow JA,BehanPelletier V,Bignell DE et al(2008)Global decomposition experiment shows soil animal impacts on decomposition are climate-dependent.Glob Change Biol 14(11):2661-2677
Wang QT(2012)Study on the effect of mixed cultivation of Chinese fir Masson pine and Schimasuperba at the mountain area of Southern Fujian.J Fujian Coll For 32(4):321-325
Wu FZ,Yang WQ,Zhang J,Deng RJ(2010)Litter decomposition in two subalpine forests during the freeze-thaw season.Acta Oecol36(1):135-140
Yi WY(2000)Pictorial keys to soil animals of china.Science Press of China
Zhang J,Liu Y,Zhang J,Ou J,Cui NJ(2014)Pinus massoniana canopy rainfall redistribution and its characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus.Chin J Ecol 33(6):1451-1458
Zhang Y,Zhang DJ,Zhang J,Yang WQ,Deng CC,Li JP,Li X,Tang SS,Zhang MJ(2015)Effects of forest gap size on litter recalcitrant components of two tree species in Pinusmassoniana plantations.Chin J Plant Ecol 39(8):785-796
Zhao YB,Zhang DJ,Zhang J,Zhou HY,Wei DP,Zhang J,Yuan YL(2017)Understory vegetation diversity of Pinus massoniana plantations with various canopy densities.Chin J Appl Environ Biol 02:1-10
Zhou T,Han HR,Kang FF,Chen XQ,Song YL,Liu K,Li Y(2013)Distribution characteristics of precipitation in different canopy density of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation at Taiyue Mountain area.Acta Ecol Sin 33(5):1645-1653
Zhou HY,Zhang J,Zhang DJ,Zhang J,Wei DP,Zhao YB,Zhao B,Li CB(2017)Community characteristics of soil fauna for different canopy density of a Pinus massoniana plantation.Acta Ecol Sin 37(6):1-16
Battaglia MA,Mou P,Palik B,Mitchell RJ(2002)The effect of spatially variable overstory on the understory light environment of an open-canopied longleaf pine forest.Can J For Res32(11):1984-1991
Berg B,McClaugherty C(2008)Plant litter.Decomposition,humus formation,carbon sequestration,2nd edn.Springer,New York
Brandt LA,King JY,Hobbie SE,Milchunas DG,Sinsabaugh RL(2010)The role of photo degradation in surface litter decomposition across a grassland ecosystem precipitation gradient.Ecosystems 13(5):765-781
Couteaux MM,Bottner P,Berg B(1995)Litter decomposition,climate and liter quality.Trends Ecol Evol 10:63-66
Cui NJ,Zhang DJ,Liu Y,Zhang J,Yang WQ,Ou J,Zhang J,Song XY,Yin R(2014)Plant diversity and seasonal dynamics in forest gaps of varying sizes in Pinus massoniana plantations.Chin J Plant Ecol 38(5):477-490
Flukes EB,Johnson CR,Wright JT(2014)Thinning of kelp canopy modifies understory assemblages:the importance of canopy density.Mar Ecol Progr Series 514(514):57-70
Fu LY,Sun H,Zhang HR,Lei XD,Lei YC,Tang SZ(2014)Effect of trunk diameter at chest height on the canopy characteristic factors of Chinese fir under different canopy density.Acta Ecol Sin 33(8):2434-2443
Guo PP,Jiang H,Shuquan YU,Yuandan MU,Dou R,Song X(2009)Comparison of litter decomposition of six species of coniferous and broad-leaved trees in subtropical China.Chin J Appl Environ Biol 15(5):655-659
He W,Wu FZ,Zhang DJ,Yang WQ,Tan B,Zhao YY(2015)The effects of forest gaps on cellulose degradation in the foliar litter of two shrub species in an alpine fir forest.Plant Soil393(1-2):109-122
He W,Wu FZ,Yang WQ,Tan B,Zhao YY,WU QQ(2016a)Lignin degradation in foliar litter of two shrub species from the gap center to the closed canopy in an alpine fir forest.Ecosystems19(1):115-128
He W,Wu FZ,Yang WQ,Zhang DJ,Xu ZF,Tan B,Zhao YY,Justine MF(2016b)Gap locations influence the release of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in two shrub foliar litter in an alpine fir forest.Sci Rep 6:22014
Herman J,Moorhead D,Berg B(2008)The relationship between rates of lignin and cellulose decay in aboveground forest litter.Soil Biol Biochem 40(10):2620-2626
Hossain MZ,Sugiyama SI(2011)Influences of plant litter diversity on decomposition,nutrient mineralization and soil microbial community structure.Grassl Sci 57(2):72-80
Li YN,Zhang BL,Qin SY,Li SY,Huang XR(2008)Research and application of canopy density and measuring method.World For Res 21(1):40-46
Lin N,Liu Y,Li GL,Lv RH,Wang SH,Hou BZ,Yin FJ(2010)Research progress of impact of thinning on plantation litter decomposition.World For Res 3:44-47
Liu MX,Shi JH,Wang XY,Peng QM(2011)Effect of canopy density and age on the function of the protection forest and the carbon sink and carbon sequestration value.J Northeast For Univ39(6):30-32
Lu RK(1999)Soil and agrochemical analytical methods.China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,Beijing,pp 146-195(In Chinese with English abstract)
Madsen P,Larsen JB(1996)Natural regeneration of beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)with respect to canopy density,soil moisture and soil carbon content.For Ecol Manage 97(2):95-105
Olson JS(1963)Energy storage and the balance of producer sand decomposers in ecological system.Ecology 44:322-331
Rahman MM,Tsukamoto J,Rahman MM,Yoneyama A,Mostafa KM(2013)Lignin and its effects on litter decomposition in forest ecosystems.Chem Ecol 29(6):540-553
Schwarz W(2001)The cellulosome and cellulose degradation by anaerobic bacteria.Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 56(5-6):634-649
S.F.A.(2013)[State Forestry Administration].China’s forest resources situation-eighth forest resources of national forest resources inventory.http://www.forestry.gov.cn/gjslzyqc.html
Shen WT(1995)Ecological problems and countermeasures in the development of artificial timber forest in China.World For Res8(2):51-55
Simoneta NY,Carlos F,Adrianc N,Graham R,Owilliam H(2008)Decomposition and macro invertebrates in experimental litter along a secondary chronosequence of tropical montane forest.Biol Fertil Soils 44(6):853-861
Tan B,Wu FZ,Yang WQ,Zhang J,Xu ZF,Liu Y,Gou XL(2013)Population structure of soil arthropod in different age Pinus massoniana plantations.Chin J Appl Ecol 24(4):1118-1124(in Chinese)
Tong WG,Chen SL,Zhou S,Chen D(2014)Correlative analysis between contents of nutrients and secondary substances in damaged Pinus massoniana needles and population parameters of Dendrolimus kikuchfi(Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae).Plant Dis Pests 55(4):435-443
Tsai CC,Chang YF,Hsu CW(2011)Effects of thinning treatments on nutrient release from decomposing needle litter of Sugi(Cryptomeria japonica D.Don)in northeast-ern Taiwan.Taiwan.J Polym Res 26(2):163-177
Wall DH,Bradford MA,St Johnet MG,Trofymow JA,BehanPelletier V,Bignell DE et al(2008)Global decomposition experiment shows soil animal impacts on decomposition are climate-dependent.Glob Change Biol 14(11):2661-2677
Wang QT(2012)Study on the effect of mixed cultivation of Chinese fir Masson pine and Schimasuperba at the mountain area of Southern Fujian.J Fujian Coll For 32(4):321-325
Wu FZ,Yang WQ,Zhang J,Deng RJ(2010)Litter decomposition in two subalpine forests during the freeze-thaw season.Acta Oecol36(1):135-140
Yi WY(2000)Pictorial keys to soil animals of china.Science Press of China
Zhang J,Liu Y,Zhang J,Ou J,Cui NJ(2014)Pinus massoniana canopy rainfall redistribution and its characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus.Chin J Ecol 33(6):1451-1458
Zhang Y,Zhang DJ,Zhang J,Yang WQ,Deng CC,Li JP,Li X,Tang SS,Zhang MJ(2015)Effects of forest gap size on litter recalcitrant components of two tree species in Pinusmassoniana plantations.Chin J Plant Ecol 39(8):785-796
Zhao YB,Zhang DJ,Zhang J,Zhou HY,Wei DP,Zhang J,Yuan YL(2017)Understory vegetation diversity of Pinus massoniana plantations with various canopy densities.Chin J Appl Environ Biol 02:1-10
Zhou T,Han HR,Kang FF,Chen XQ,Song YL,Liu K,Li Y(2013)Distribution characteristics of precipitation in different canopy density of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation at Taiyue Mountain area.Acta Ecol Sin 33(5):1645-1653
Zhou HY,Zhang J,Zhang DJ,Zhang J,Wei DP,Zhao YB,Zhao B,Li CB(2017)Community characteristics of soil fauna for different canopy density of a Pinus massoniana plantation.Acta Ecol Sin 37(6):1-16