Cambro-Silurian magmatisms at the northern Gondwana margin(Penninic basement of the Ligurian Alps)
|
摘要
The Early Paleozoic evolution of the northern margin of Gondwana is characterized by several episodes of bimodal magmatism intruded or outpoured within thick sedimentary basins. These processes are well recorded in the Variscan blocks incorporated in the Ligurian Alps because they experienced low temperature Alpine metamorphism. During the Paleozoic, these blocks, together with the other Alpine basements, were placed between the Corsica-Sardinia and the Bohemian Massif along the northern margin of Gondwana. In this framework, they host several a variegated lithostratigraphy forming two main complexes(Complexs I and II) that can be distinguished by both the protoliths and their crosscutting relationships, which indicate that the acidic and mafic intrusives of Complex II cut an already folded sequence made of sediments, basalts and granitoids of Complex I. Both complexes were involved in the Variscan orogenic phases as highlighted by the pervasive eclogite-amphibolite facies schistosity(foliation II). However, rare relicts of a metamorphic foliation at amphibolite facies conditions(foliation I)is locally preserved only in the rocks of Complex I. It is debatable if this schistosity was produced during the early folding event e occurred between the emplacement of Complex I and II e rather than during an early stage of the Variscan metamorphic cycle.New SHRIMP and LA ICP-MS Ue Pb zircon dating integrated with literature data, provide emplacement ages of the several volcanic or intrusive bodies of both complexes. The igneous activity of Complex I is dated between 507 ± 15 Ma and 494 ± 5 Ma, while Complex II between 467 ± 12 Ma and 445.5 ± 12 Ma.The folding event recorded only by the Complex I should therefore have occurred between 494 ± 5 Ma and 467 ± 12 Ma. The Variscan eclogite-amphibolite facies metamorphism is instead constrained between ~420 Ma and ~300 Ma. These ages and the geochemical signature of these rocks allow constraining the Early Paleozoic tectono-magmatic evolution of the Ligurian blocks, from a middleeupper Cambrian rifting stage, through the formation of an Early Ordovician volcanic arc during the Rheic Ocean subduction, until a Late Ordovician extension related to the arc collapse and subsequent rifting of the PaleoThetys. Furthermore, the ~420-350 Ma ages from zircon rims testify to thermal perturbations that may be associated with the Silurian rifting-related magmatism, followed by the subduction-collisional phases of the Variscan orogeny.
The Early Paleozoic evolution of the northern margin of Gondwana is characterized by several episodes of bimodal magmatism intruded or outpoured within thick sedimentary basins. These processes are well recorded in the Variscan blocks incorporated in the Ligurian Alps because they experienced low temperature Alpine metamorphism. During the Paleozoic, these blocks, together with the other Alpine basements, were placed between the Corsica-Sardinia and the Bohemian Massif along the northern margin of Gondwana. In this framework, they host several a variegated lithostratigraphy forming two main complexes(Complexs I and II) that can be distinguished by both the protoliths and their crosscutting relationships, which indicate that the acidic and mafic intrusives of Complex II cut an already folded sequence made of sediments, basalts and granitoids of Complex I. Both complexes were involved in the Variscan orogenic phases as highlighted by the pervasive eclogite-amphibolite facies schistosity(foliation II). However, rare relicts of a metamorphic foliation at amphibolite facies conditions(foliation I)is locally preserved only in the rocks of Complex I. It is debatable if this schistosity was produced during the early folding event e occurred between the emplacement of Complex I and II e rather than during an early stage of the Variscan metamorphic cycle.New SHRIMP and LA ICP-MS Ue Pb zircon dating integrated with literature data, provide emplacement ages of the several volcanic or intrusive bodies of both complexes. The igneous activity of Complex I is dated between 507 ± 15 Ma and 494 ± 5 Ma, while Complex II between 467 ± 12 Ma and 445.5 ± 12 Ma.The folding event recorded only by the Complex I should therefore have occurred between 494 ± 5 Ma and 467 ± 12 Ma. The Variscan eclogite-amphibolite facies metamorphism is instead constrained between ~420 Ma and ~300 Ma. These ages and the geochemical signature of these rocks allow constraining the Early Paleozoic tectono-magmatic evolution of the Ligurian blocks, from a middleeupper Cambrian rifting stage, through the formation of an Early Ordovician volcanic arc during the Rheic Ocean subduction, until a Late Ordovician extension related to the arc collapse and subsequent rifting of the PaleoThetys. Furthermore, the ~420-350 Ma ages from zircon rims testify to thermal perturbations that may be associated with the Silurian rifting-related magmatism, followed by the subduction-collisional phases of the Variscan orogeny.
The Early Paleozoic evolution of the northern margin of Gondwana is characterized by several episodes of bimodal magmatism intruded or outpoured within thick sedimentary basins. These processes are well recorded in the Variscan blocks incorporated in the Ligurian Alps because they experienced low temperature Alpine metamorphism. During the Paleozoic, these blocks, together with the other Alpine basements, were placed between the Corsica-Sardinia and the Bohemian Massif along the northern margin of Gondwana. In this framework, they host several a variegated lithostratigraphy forming two main complexes(Complexs I and II) that can be distinguished by both the protoliths and their crosscutting relationships, which indicate that the acidic and mafic intrusives of Complex II cut an already folded sequence made of sediments, basalts and granitoids of Complex I. Both complexes were involved in the Variscan orogenic phases as highlighted by the pervasive eclogite-amphibolite facies schistosity(foliation II). However, rare relicts of a metamorphic foliation at amphibolite facies conditions(foliation I)is locally preserved only in the rocks of Complex I. It is debatable if this schistosity was produced during the early folding event e occurred between the emplacement of Complex I and II e rather than during an early stage of the Variscan metamorphic cycle.New SHRIMP and LA ICP-MS Ue Pb zircon dating integrated with literature data, provide emplacement ages of the several volcanic or intrusive bodies of both complexes. The igneous activity of Complex I is dated between 507 ± 15 Ma and 494 ± 5 Ma, while Complex II between 467 ± 12 Ma and 445.5 ± 12 Ma.The folding event recorded only by the Complex I should therefore have occurred between 494 ± 5 Ma and 467 ± 12 Ma. The Variscan eclogite-amphibolite facies metamorphism is instead constrained between ~420 Ma and ~300 Ma. These ages and the geochemical signature of these rocks allow constraining the Early Paleozoic tectono-magmatic evolution of the Ligurian blocks, from a middleeupper Cambrian rifting stage, through the formation of an Early Ordovician volcanic arc during the Rheic Ocean subduction, until a Late Ordovician extension related to the arc collapse and subsequent rifting of the PaleoThetys. Furthermore, the ~420-350 Ma ages from zircon rims testify to thermal perturbations that may be associated with the Silurian rifting-related magmatism, followed by the subduction-collisional phases of the Variscan orogeny.
引文
Barbieri, C., Carrapa, B., Di Giulio, A., Wijbrans, J., Murrel, G.R., 2003. Provenance of Oligocene synorogenic sediments of the Ligurian Alps(NW Italy):inferences on belt age and cooling history. International Journal of Earth Sciences 92, 758-778.
Bertrand, J.-M., Pidgeon, R.T., Leterrier, J., Guillot, F., Gasquet, D., Gattiglio, M., 2000.SHRIMP and IDTIMS U-Pb zircon ages of the pre-Alpine basement in the Internal Western Alps(Savoy and Piemont). Schweizerische Mineralogische Petrographische Mitteilungen 80, 225-248.
Bussien, D., Bussy, F., Magna, T., Masson, H., 2011. Timing of Palaeozoic magmatism in the Maggia and Sambucco nappes and paleogeographic implications(Central Lepontine Alps). Swiss Journal of Geosciences 104, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-010-0049-6.
Bussy, F., von Raumer,J., 1994. U-Pb geochronology of Palaeozoic magmatic events in the Mont-Blanc Crystalline Massif, Western Alps. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 74, 514-515.
Bussy, F., Derron, M., Jacquod, J., Thelin, P., Sartori, M., 1996. The 500 Ma-old Thyon metagranite:a new A-type granite occurrence in the penninic realm(Western Alps, Switzerland). European Journal of Mineralogy 8, 565-575.
Bussy, F., Hernandez, J., Von Raumer, J., 2000. Bimodal magmatism as a consequence of the post-collisional readjustment of the thickened variscan continental lithosphere(Aiguilles Rouges/Mont-Blanc massifs, western Alps).Transactions Royal Society of Edinburgh 91, 221-233.
Bussy, F., Peronnet, V., Ulianov, A., Epard, J.L., von Raumer, J., 2011. Ordovician magmatism in the external French Alps:witness of a peri-Gondwanan active continental margin. In:Gutierrez-Marco, J.C., Rabano, I., Garcia-Bellido, D.(Eds.), The Ordovician of the World, vol. 14. Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espana, Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, Madrid, pp. 75-82.
Cabella, R., Cortesogno, L., Gaggero, L., 1990. Il basamento cristallino del Torrente Visone. Rendiconti della Societa Geologica Italiana 14, 29-33.
Cabella, R., Cortesogno, L., Dallagiovanna, G., Gaggero, L., Lucchetti, L., 1991. Metamorfismo alpino a giadeite+quarzo in crosta continentale nel Brianzonese ligure. Atti Ticinensi di Scienze della Terra 34, 43-54.
Casas, J.P., Castineiras, P., Navidad, M., Liesa, M., Carreras, J., 2010. New insights into the Late Ordovician magmatism in the Eastern Pyrenees:U-Pb SHRIMP zircon data from the Canigo Massif. Gondwana Research 17, 317-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2009.10.0 06.
Casas,J.P., Castineiras, P., Navidad, M., Liesa, M., Martinez,J.F.,Carreras,J., Reche, J.,Iriondo, A., Aleinikoff,J., Cires,J., Dietsch, C., 2011. Ordovician magmatism in NE Iberia. In:Gutierrez-Marco, J.C., Rabano, I., Garcia-Bellido, D.(Eds.), The Ordovician of the World, vol. 14. Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espana, Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, Madrid, pp. 95-100.
Castineiras, P., Navidad, M., Liesa, M., Carreras, J., Casas, J.M., 2008. U-Pb zircon ages(SHRIMP)for Cadomian and Early Ordovician magmatism in the Eastern Pyrenees:new insights into the pre-Variscan evolution of the northern Gondwana margin.Tectonophysics 461, 228-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.04.005.
Casini, L., Cuccuru, S., Maino, M., Oggiano, G., Tiepolo, M., 2012. Emplacement of the Arzachena Pluton(Corsica-Sardinia Batholith)and the geodynamics of incoming Pangaea. Tectonophysics 544-545, 31-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.03.028.
Casini, L., Cuccuru, S., Maino, M., Oggiano, G., Puccini, A., Rossi, P., 2015a. Structural map of Variscan northern Sardinia(Italy). Journal of Maps 11(1), 75-84.https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2014.936914.
Casini, L., Cuccuru, S., Puccini, A., Oggiano, G., Rossi, P., 2015b. Evolution of the Corsica-Sardinia Batholith and late-orogenic shearing of the Variscides. Tectonophysics 646, 65-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2015.01.017.
Corfu, F., Hanchar, J.M., Hoskin, P.W.O., Kinny, P., 2003. Atlas of zircon textures. In:Hanchar, J.M., Hoskin, P.W.O.(Eds.), Zircon, Mineralogical Society of America.Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry vol. 53, 468-500.
Cortesogno, L., 1986. Magmatismo e metamorfismo pre-Alpini nel basamento e nel tegumento delle Alpi Liguri. Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana 28,331-352.
Cortesogno, L., Dallagiovanna, G., Gaggero, L., Vanossi, M., 1993. Elements for the Palaeozoic history of the Ligurian Alps. In:von Raumer, J., Neubauer, D.(Eds.),Pre-Alpine Geology. Springer Verlag, pp. 258-276.
Cortesogno, L., Gaggero, L., Capelli, C., 1997. Petrology of pre-Alpine eclogites and amphibolites from the Ligurian Brianconnais basement. Atti Ticinensi di Scienze della Terra 39, 3-29.
Cortesogno, L., Gaggero, L., Lucchetti, G.,Cabella, R.,2002. Composition and miscibility gap in Na-Ca clinopyroxenes through high-pressure metamorphism. Periodico di Mineralogia 71,1-25.
Cortesogno, L., Gaggero, L., Oggiano, G., Paquette, J.L., 2004. Different tectono-thermal evolutionary paths in eclogitic rocks from the axial zone of the Variscan chain in Sardinia(Italy)compared with the Ligurian Alps. Ofioliti 29,125-144.
Cruciani, G., Franceschelli, M., Langone, A., Puxeddu, M., Scodina, M., 2015. Nature and age of pre-Variscan eclogite protoliths from the Low-to Medium-Grade Metamorphic Complex of north-central Sardinia(Italy)and comparisons with coeval Sardinian eclogites in the northern Gondwana context. Journal of the Geological Society 172(6), 792-807.
Dallagiovanna, G., Gaggero, L., Maino, M., Seno, S., Tiepolo, M., 2009. U-Pb zircon ages for post-Variscan volcanism in the Ligurian Alps(Northern Italy). Journal of the Geological Society of London 166, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492008-027.
Decarlis, A., Dallagiovanna, G., Lualdi, A., Maino, M., Seno, S., 2013. Stratigraphic evolution in the Ligurian Alps between Variscan heritages and the Alpine Tethys opening:a review. Earth-Science Reviews 125, 43-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.07.001.
Decarlis, A., Maino, M., Dallagiovanna, G., Lualdi, A., Masini, E., Toscani, G., Seno, S.,2014. Salt tectonics in the SW Alps(Italy-France):from rifting to the inversion of the European continental margin in a context of oblique convergence. Tectonophysics 636, 293-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2014.09.003.
Decarlis, A., Felli, M.G., Maino, M., Ferrando, S., Manatschal, G., Gaggero, L., Seno, S.,Stuart, F.M., Beltrando, M., 2017. Tectono-thermal evolution of a distal rifted margin:constraints from the Calizzano Massif(Prepiedmont-Brianconnais domain, Ligurian Alps). Tectonics 36. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017TC004634.
Del Moro, A., Pardini, G., Messiga, B., Poggio, M., 1981. Dati petrologici e radiometrici preliminari sui massicci cristallini della Liguria occidentale. Rendiconti della Societa Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia 38, 73-87(in Italian).
Deloule,E.,Alexandrov, P.,Cheilletz, A.,Laumonier,B.,Barbey,P., 2002. In situ U-Pb zircon ages for Early Ordovician magmatism in the eastern Pyrenees, France:the Canigou orthogneisses. International Journal of Earth Sciences 91, 398-405.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-001-0232-0.
Desmons,J., Compagnoni, R., Cortesogno, L., Frey, M., Gaggero, L., 1999a. Pre-Alpine metamorphism of the internal zones of the Western Alps. Schweizer Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 79, 23-39.
Desmons, J., Aprahamian, J., Compagnoni, R., Cortesogno, L., Frey,M., Gaggero, L.,Dallagiovanna, G., Seno, S., 1999b. Alpine metamorphism of the Western Alps:I.Middle to high T/P metamorphism. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 79, 89-110.
Diez Montes, A., Martinez Catalan, J.R., Bellido Mulas, F., 2010. Role of the Ollo de Sapo massive felsic volcanism of NW Iberia in the Early Ordovician dynamics of northern Gondwana. Gondwana Research 17, 363-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2009.09.001.
Elliot, D.H., Fanning, C.M.,Laudon, T.S., 2016. The Gondwana plate margin in the Weddell sea sector:zircon geochronology of upper paleozoic(mainly permian)strata from the Ellsworth mountains and eastern Ellsworth land, Antarctica.Gondwana Research 29, 234-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2014.12.001.
Fiannacca, P., Williams, I.S., Cirrincione, R., Pezzino, A., 2008. Crustal contributions to Late Hercynian peraluminous magmatism in the southern Calabria-Peloritani Orogen, southern Italy:petrogenetic inferences and the Gondwana connection. Journal of Petrology 49(8), 1497-1514.
Fiannacca, P., Williams, I.S., Cirrincione, R., Pezzino, A., 2013. The augen gneisses of the Peloritani Mountains(NE Sicily):granitoid magma production during rapid evolution of the northern Gondwana margin at the end of the Precambrian.Gondwana Research 23(2), 782-796.
Fornelli, A., Micheletti, F., Piccarreta, G., 2016. Late-Proterozoic to Paleozoic history of the peri-Gondwana Calabria-Peloritani terrane inferred from a review of zircon chronology. SpringerPlus 5(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-1839-8.
Franke, W., Robin, M., Cocks, L., Torsvik, T.H., 2017. The Palaeozoic Variscan oceans revisited. Gondwana Research 48, 257-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2017.03.005.
Gaggero, L., Cortesogno, L., Bertrand, J.M., 2004. The pre-Namurian basement of the Ligurian Alps:a review of the lithostratigraphy, pre-Alpine metamorphic evolution,and regional comparisons. Periodico di Mineralogia, Special Issue 2(73), 85-96.
Gaggero, L., Oggiano, G., Funedda, A., Buzzi, L., 2012. Rifting and arc-related early Palaeozoic volcanism along the north Gondwana margin:geochemical and geological evidence from Sardinia(Italy). The Journal of Geology 120, 273-292.https://doi.org/10.1086/664776.
Gaggero, L., Gretter, N., Langone, A., Ronchi, A., 2017. U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry of late Palaeozoic volcanism in Sardinia(southern Variscides).Geoscience Frontiers 8(6), 1263-1284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2016.11.015.
Giacomini, F., Bomparola, R.M., Ghezzo, C., Guldbransen, H., 2006. The geodynamic evolution of the Southern European Variscides:constraints from the U/Pb geochronology and geochemistry of the lower Palaeozoic magmaticsedimentary sequences of Sardinia(Italy). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 152(1), 19-42.
Giacomini, F., Braga, R., Tiepolo, M., Tribuzio, R., 2007. New constraints on the origin and age of Variscan eclogitic rocks(Ligurian Alps, Italy). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 153, 29-53.
Guillot, F., Liegeois, J.-P., Fabre, J., 1991. Upper Cambrian granophyre of Mount Pourri, Brianconnais Zone, Vanoise; first U/Pb dating of zircon from the basement of the internal French Alps. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences,Paris 313(11), 239-244.
Guillot, F., Schaltegger, U., Bertrand, J.M., Deloule, E., Baudin, T., 2002. Zircon U-Pb geochronology of Ordovician magmatism in the polycyclic Ruitor massif(Internal W Alps). International Journal of Earth Sciences 91, 964-978.
Gutierrez-Alonso, G., Fernandez-Suarez, J., Gutierrez-Marco, J.C., Corfu, F.,Murphy, J.B., Suarez, M., 2007. U-Pb depositional age for the upper Barrios Formation(Armorican quartzite facies)in the Cantabrian zone of Iberia:implications for stratigraphic correlation and paleogeography. In:Linnemann, U.,Nance, R.D., Kraft, P., Zulauf, G.(Eds.), The Evolution of the Rheic Ocean:From Avalonian-Cadomian Active Margin to Alleghenian-Variscan Collision, Geological Society of America, Special Paper, vol. 423, pp. 287-296.
Horstwood, S.A., Foster, G.L., Parrish, R.R., Noble, S.R., Nowell, G.M., 2003. CommonPb corrected in situ U-Pb accessory mineral geochronology by LA-MC-ICP-MS. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 18, 837-846.
Horstwood, M.S., Rosler, J., Gehrels, G., Jackson, S.E., McLean, N.M., Paton, C.,...,Bowring,J.F., 2016. Community-derived standards for LA-ICP-MS U-(Th-)Pb geochronology-uncertainty propagation, age interpretation and data reporting.Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research 40(3), 311-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.17 51-908X.2016.00379.x.
Hoskin, P.W.O., Schaltegger, U., 2003. The composition of zircon and igneous and metamorphic petrogenesis. In:Zircon, Hanchar, J.M., Hoskin, W.O.(Eds.), Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, vol. 53. Mineralogical Society of America, pp. 7-62.
Ketchum, J.W.F., Jackson, S.E., Culshaw, N.G., Barr, S.M., 2001. Depositional and tectonic setting of the Palaeoproterozoic Lower Aillik Group, Makkovik Province, Canada:evolution of a passive margin-foredeep sequence based on petrochemistry and U-Pb(TIMS and LAM-ICP-MS)geochronology. Precambrian Research 105, 331-356.
Lemoine, M., Bas, T., Arnaud-Vanneau, A.,Arnaud, H., Dumont, T., Gidon, M.,Bourbon, M., de Graciansky, P.-C., Rudkiewicz, J.-L., Megard-Galli, J., Tricart, P.,1986. The continental margin of the Mesozoic Tethys in the Western Alps.Marine and Petroleum Geology 3,179-199.
Liesa, M., Carreras, J., Castineiras, P., Casas, J.M., Navidad, M., Vila, M., 2011. U-Pb zircon age of Ordovician magmatism in the Albera Massif(Eastern Pyrenees).Geologica Acta 9, 93-101.
Linnemann, U., Gehmlich, M., Tichomirowa, M., Buschmann, B., Nasdala, L., Jonas, P.,Liitzner, H., Bombach, K., 2000. From Cadomian subduction to early Palaeozoic rifting:the evolution of Saxo-Thuringia at the margin of Gondwana in the light of single zircon geochronology and basin development(central European Variscides, Germany). In:Franke, W., Haak, V., Oncken, O., Tanner, D.(Eds.),Orogenic Processes:Quantification and Modelling in the Variscan Belt,Geological Society of London Special Publication, vol. 179, pp. 131-153. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.179.01.10.
Linnemann, U., Gerdes, A., Drost, K., Buschmann, B., 2007. The continuum between Cadomian orogenesis and opening of the Rheic Ocean:constraints from LA-ICPMS U-Pb zircon dating and analysis of platetectonic setting(Saxo-Thuringian zone, northeastern Bohemian Massif, Germany). In:Linnemann, U., Nance, D.,Kraft, P, Zulauf, G.(Eds.), The Evolution of the Rheic Ocean:From AvalonianCadomian Active Margin to Alleghenian-Variscan Collision, Geological Society of America Special Paper, vol. 423, pp. 61-96.
Linnemann, U., Pereira, F., Jeffries, T.E., Drost, K., Gerdes, A., 2008. The Cadomian orogeny and the opening of the Rheic Ocean:the diacrony of geotectonic processes constrained by LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating(Ossa-Morena and Saxo-Thuringian zones, Iberian and Bohemian Massifs). Tectonophysics 461,21-43.
Ludwig, K.R., 2001. SQUID 1.02, a User's Manual. Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication No. 2, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, US.
Ludwig, K.R., 2003. Isoplot/Ex Version 3.0:a Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel, 4. Berkeley Geochronology Center, Special Publication, p. 70.
Maino, M., Seno, S., 2016. The thrust zone of the Ligurian Penninic basal contact(Monte Fronte, Ligurian Alps, Italy). Journal of Maps 12(1), 341-351. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2016.1213669.
Maino, M., Dallagiovanna, G., Dobson, K., Gaggero, L., Persano, C., Seno, S.,Stuart, F.M., 2012a. Testing models of orogen exhumation using zircon(U-Th)/He thermochronology:insights from the Ligurian Alps, Northern Italy. Tectonophysics 560/561, 84-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.06.045.
Maino, M., Dallagiovanna, G., Gaggero, L., Seno, S., Tiepolo, M., 2012b. U-Pb zircon geochronological and petrographic constraints on late to post-collisional Variscan magmatism and metamorphism in the Ligurian Alps, Italy. Geological Journal 47(6), 632-652. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.2421.
Maino, M., Decarlis, A., Felletti, F., Seno, S., 2013. Tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin(NW Italy)within the Oligo-Miocene central Mediterranean geodynamics. Tectonics 32, 593-619. https://doi.org/10.1002/tect.20047.
Maino, M., Bonini, L., Dallagiovanna, G., Seno, S., 2015a. Large sheath folds in the Brianconnais of the Ligurian Alps reconstructed by analysis of minor structures and stratigraphic mapping. Journal of Maps 11(1), 157-167. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2014.959568.
Maino, M., Casini, L., Ceriani, A., Decarlis, A., Di Giulio, A., Seno, S., Setti,M.,Stuart, F.M., 2015b. Dating shallow thrusts with zircon(U-Th)/He thermochronometry-the shear heating connection. Geology 43(6), 495-498. https://doi.org/10.1130/G36492.1.
Martini, P., Tongiorgi, M., Oggiano, G., Cocozza, T., 1991. Alluvial fan to marine shelf transition in SW Sardinia, Western Mediterranean Sea:tectonically("Sardic Phase")influenced clastic Ordovician sedimentation. Sedimentary Geology 72,97-115.
Matte, P., 1986. Tectonics and plate tectonics model for the Variscan belt of Europe.Tectonophysics 126, 329-374.
Matte, P., 2001. The Variscan collage and orogeny(480-290 Ma)and the tectonic definition of the Armorica microplate:a review. Terra Nova 13,122-128.
Menot, R.-P., Peucat, J.J., Scarenzi, D., Piboule, M., 1988.496 My age of plagiogranites in the Chamrousse ophiolite complex(External Crystalline Massifs in the French Alps):evidence of a Lower Palaeozoic oceanization. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 88, 82-92.
Messiga, B., Oxilia, M., Piccardo, G.B., Vanossi, M., 1981. Fasi metamorfiche e deformazioni Alpine nel Brianzonese e nel Pre-Piemontese-Piemontese esterno delle Alpi Liguri:un possible modello evolutivo. Rendiconti della Societa Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia 38(1), 261-280(in French).
Messiga, B., Tribuzio, R., Scambelluri, M., 1992. Mafic eclogites from the valosio crystalline massif(Ligurian Alps, Italy). Schweizerische Mineralogische Und Petrographische Mitteilungen 72, 365-377.
Micheletti, F., Barbey, P., Fornelli, A., Piccarreta, G., Deloule, E., 2007. Latest Precambrian to Early Cambrian U-Pb zircon ages of augen gneisses from Calabria(Italy), with inference to the Alboran microplate in the evolution of the periGondwana terranes. International Journal of Earth Sciences 96(5), 843-860.
Micheletti, F., Fornelli, A., Piccarreta, G., Tiepolo, M., 2011. U-Pb zircon data of Variscan meta-igneous and igneous acidic rocks from an Alpine shear zone in Calabria(southern Italy). International Journal of Earth Sciences 100(1), 139-155.
Molina, M., 2002. Analisi petrologica e geocronologica di litotipi del basamento e del tegumento delle Alpi Liguri e del basamento della Sardegna nordorientale(PhD thesis). University of Genoa(in Italian with English abstract).
Montero, C., Bea, F., Gonzalez-Lodeiro, F., Talavera, C., Whitehouse, M.J., 2007. Zircon ages of the metavolcanic rocks and metagranites of the Ollo de Sapo domain in central Spain:implications for the Neoproterozoic to early Palaeozoic evolutionof Iberia. Geological Magazine 144, 963-976. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756807003858.
Muller, B., Klotzli, U., Schaltegger, U., Flisch, M., 1996. Early Cambrian oceanic plagiogranite in the Silvretta nappe, eastern Alps:geochemical, zircon U-Pb and Rb-Sr data from garnet-hornblende-plagioclase gneisses. Geologische Rundschau 85, 822-831. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02440113.
Nance, R.D., Gutierrez-Alonso, G., Keppie, J.D., Linnemann, U., Murphy, J.B.,Quesada, C., Strachan, R.A., Woodcock, N.H., 2010. Evolution of the Rheic Ocean.Gondwana Research 17(2-3), 194-222.
Navidad, M., Castineiras, P., Casas, J.M., Liesa, M., Fernandez Suarez, J., Barnolas, A.,Carreras, J., Gil-Pena, I., 2010. Geochemical characterization and isotopic age of Caradocian magmatism in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula:insights into the Late Ordovician evolution of the northern Gondwana margin. Gondwana Research 17, 325-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2009.11.013.
Navidad, M., Castineiras, P., 2011. Early Ordovician magmatism in the northern Central Iberian zone(Iberian Massif):new U-Pb(SHRIMP)ages and isotopic SrNd data. In:Gutierrez-Marco, J.C.,Rabano, I., Garcia-Bellido, D.(Eds.), The Ordovician of the World, vol. 14. Institute Geologico y Minero de Espana,Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, Madrid, pp. 391-398.
Oggiano, G., Gaggero, L., Funedda, A., Buzzi, L., Tiepolo, M., 2010. Multiple early Palaeozoic volcanic events at the northern Gondwana margin:U-Pb age evidence from the southern Variscan branch(Sardinia, Italy). Gondwana Research17, 44-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2009.06.001.
Paces, J.B., Miller, J.D., 1993. Precise U-Pb ages of Duluth Complex and related mafic intrusions, Northern Minnesota:geochronological insight to physical, petrogenic, and tectonomagmatic processes associated with the 1.1 Ga midcontinent rift system. Journal of Geophysical Research 98(B8), 13997-14013.
Paquette, L., Menot, R.P., Peucat, J.J., 1989. REE, Sm-Nd and U-Pb zircon study of eclogites from the Alpine External massifs(western Alps):evidence for crustal contamination. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 96, 181-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(89)90131-3.
Poller, U., Liebetrau, V., Todt, W., 1997. U-Pb single-zircon dating under cathodoluminescence control(CLC-method):application to polymetamorphic orthogneisses. Chemical Geology 139, 287-297.
Rode, S., Rosel, D., Schulz, B., 2012. Constraints on the Variscan P-T evolution by EMP Th-U-Pb monazite dating in the polymetamorphic Austroalpine Oetztal-Stubai basement(eastern Alps). Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Geowissenschaften 163, 43-67. https://doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2012/0163-0043.
Roger, F., Respaut, J.P., Brunel, M., Matte, Ph, Paquette, J.L., 2004. Premiere datation U-Pb des orthogneiss oeilles de la zone axiale de la Montgane Noire(Sud du Massif central):Nouveaux temoins du magmatisme ordovicien dans la chaine varisque. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Geoscience 336,19-28(in Italian). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2003.10.014.
Rossi, P., Oggiano, G., Cocherie, A., 2009. A restored section of the'southern Variscan Realm'across the Corsica-Sardinia microcontinent. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 341, 224-238.
Rubatto, D., 2002. Zircon trace element geochemistry:partitioning with garnet and the link between U-Pb ages and metamorphism. Chemical Geology 184(1),123-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00355-2.
Rubatto, D., Schaltegger, U., Lombardo, B., Colombo, F., Compagnoni, R., 2001.Complex Palaeozoic magmatic and metamorphic evolution in the Argentera Massif(Western Alps)resolved with U-Pb dating. Swiss Bulletin of Mineralogy and Petrology 81, 213-228.
Rubio-Ordonez, A., Valverde-Vaquero, P., Corretge, L.G., Cuesta-Fernandez, A.,Gallastegui, G., Fernandez-Gonzalez, M., Gerdes, A., 2012. An Early Ordovician tonalitic-granodioritic belt along the Schistose-Greywacke domain of the Central Iberian zone(Iberian Massif, Variscan belt). Geological Magazine 149(5), 927-939. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756811001129.
Sanchez Martinez, S., Gerdes, A., Arenas, R., Abati, J., 2012. The bazar ophiolite of NW Iberia:a relic of the Iapetus-Tornquist ocean in the variscan suture. Terra Nova 24, 283-294. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.2012.01061.x.
Schaltegger, U., 1993. The evolution of the polymetamorphic basement in the central Alps unraveled by precise U-Pb zircon dating. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 113, 466-478. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00698316.
Schaltegger, U., Gebauer, D., 1999. Pre-Alpine geochronology of the Central, Western and Southern Alps. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 79, 79-87.
Schaltegger, U., Gebauer, D., von Quadt, A., 2002. The mafic-ultramafic rock association of Loderio-Biasca(lower Pennine nappes, Ticino, Switzerland):Cambrian oceanic magmatism and its bearing on early Palaeozoic paleogeography. Chemical Geology 186, 265-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00005-0.
Schaltegger, U., Abrecht, J.,Corfu, F., 2003. The Ordovician orogeny in the Alpine basement:constraints from geochronology and geochemistry in the Aar Massif(central Alps). Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 83, 183-195.
Schmid, S., Pfiffner, A., Froitzheim, N., Schonborn, G., Kissling, E., 1996. Geophysicalgeological transect and tectonic evolution of the Swiss-Italian Alps. Tectonics15, 1036-1064. https://doi.org/10.1029/96TC00433.
Schulz, B., Steenken, A., Siegesmund, S., 2008. Geodynamic evolution of an Alpine terrane-the Austroalpine basement to the south of the Tauern Window as a part of the Adriatic plate(eastern Alps). In:Siegesmund, S., Fugenschuh, B.,Froitzheim, N.(Eds.), Tectonic Aspects of the Alpine-Dinaride-Carpathian System:Geological Society of London Special Publication 298, pp. 5-44.
Schulz, B., von Raumer, J., 2011. Discovery of Ordovician-Silurian metamorphic monazite in garnet metapelites of the Alpine External Aiguilles Rouges Massif.Swiss Journal of Geosciences 104.1, 67-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-010-0048-7.
Seno, S., Dallagiovanna, G., Vanossi, M., 2005. A kinematic evolutionary model for the Penninic sector of the central Ligurian Alps. International Journal of Earth Sciences 94,114-129.
Seno, S., Dallagiovanna, G., Gaggero, L., Felletti, F., Pellegrini, L., 2010. Cairo Montenotte-228 Sheet, Geological Map of Italy, 1:50.000 Scale. ISPRA, Rome, Italy.Available online at:http://www.isprambiente.gov.it/Media/carg/liguria.html.
Spencer, C.J., Kirkland, C.L., Taylor, R.J.M., 2016. Strategies towards statistically robust interpretations of in situ U-Pb zircon geochronology. Geoscience Frontiers 7(4), 581-589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2015.11.006.
Stampfli, G.M., von Raumer, J., Wilhem, C., 2011. The distribution of Gondwana derived terranes in the early Palaeozoic. In:The Ordovician of the World, vol. 14.Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espana, Cuadernos del Museo Geominero,Madrid, pp. 567-574.
Tera, F., Wasserburg, G.J., 1972. U-Th-Pb systematics in three Apollo 14 basalts and the problem of initial Pb in lunar rocks. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 14(3), 281-304.
Thony, W.F., Tropper, P., Schennach, F., Krenn, E., Finger, F., Kaindl, R., Bernhard, F.,Hoinkes, G., 2008. The metamorphic evolution of migmatites from the Otztal complex(Tyrol, Austria)and constraints on the timing of the pre-Variscan highT event in the eastern Alps. Swiss Journal of Geosciences 101(Suppl. 1),111-126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-008-1290-0.
Tiepolo, M., 2003. In situ Pb geochronology of zircon with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry. Chemical Geology 192,1-19.
Trombetta, A., Cirrincione, R.,Corfu, F., Mazzoleni, P., Pezzino, A., 2004. MidOrdovician U-Pb ages of porphyroids in the Peloritan Mountains(NE Sicily):palaeogeographical implications for the evolution of the Alboran microplate.Journal of the Geological Society 161(2), 265-276.
Valverde-Vaquero, P., Dunning, G.R., 2000. New U-Pb ages for Early Ordovician magmatism in central Spain. Journal of the Geological Society of London 157,15-26. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs.157.1.15.
van Achterberg, E., Ryan, C.G., Jackson, S.E., Griffin, W., 2001. Data reduction software for LA-ICP-MS. In:Sylvester, P.(Ed.), Laser Ablation ICPMS in the Earth Science:Principles and Applications, vol. 29. Mineralogical Association of Canada, pp. 239-243.
Vanossi, M., Cortesogno, L., Galbiati, B., Messiga, B., Piccardo, G.B., Vannucci, R.,1986. Geologia delle Alpi Liguri:dati, problemi, ipotesi. Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana 28, 5-75.
von Raumer, J.F., 1998. The Palaeozoic evolution in the Alps-from Gondwana to Pangea. Geologische Rundschau 87, 407-435. https://doi.org/10.1007/S005310050219.
von Raumer, J.F., Stampfli, G.M., 2008. The birth of the Rheic Ocean-Early Palaeozoic subsidence patterns and tectonic plate scenarios. Tectonophysics 461,9-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.04.012.
von Raumer, J.F., Stampfli, G.M., Borel, G., Bussy, F., 2002. The organization of preVariscan basement areas at the north-Gondwanan margin. International Journal of Earth Sciences 91, 35-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s005310100200.
von Raumer, J.F., Stampfli, G.A., Bussy, F., 2003. Gondwana-derived microcontinents-the constituents of the Variscan and Alpine collisional orogens. Tectonophysics 365(1-4), 7-22.
von Raumer, J., Bussy, F., Stampfli, G., 2009. The Variscan evolution in the Alps-and place in their Variscan framework. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences,Geosciences 341, 239-252.
von Raumer, J.F., Bussy, F., Schaltegger, U., Schulz, B., Stampfli, G.M., 2013. PreMesozoic Alpine basements. Their place in the European Palaeozoic framework.The Geological Society of America Bulletin 125(1e2), 89-108.
Wiedenbeck, M., Alle, P., Corfu, F., Griffin, W.L., Meier, M., Oberli, F., Vonquadt, A.,Roddick, J.C., Speigel, W., 1995. Three natural zircon standards for U-Th-Pb, LuHf, trace element and REE analyses. Geostandards Newsletter 19,1-23.
Williams, I.S., 1998. U-Th-Pb geochronology by ion microprobe. Reviews in Economic Geology 7,1-35.
Williams, I.S., Fiannacca, P., Cirnincione, R., Pezzino, A., 2012. Peri-Gondwanan origin and early geodynamic history of NE Sicily:a zircon tale from the basement of the Peloritani Mountains. Gondwana Research 22(3), 855-865.
Winchester, J.A., Patocka, F., Kachlik, V., Melzer, M., Nawakowski, C., Crowley, Q.G.,Floyd, P.A., 2003. Geochemical discrimination of metasedimentary sequences in the Krkonose-Jisera terrane(West Sudetes, Bohemian Massif). Geologica Carpathica 54, 267-280.
Ziegler, P., 1984. Caledonian and Hercynian crustal consolidation of western and central Europe-a working hypothesis. Geologie en Mijnbouw 63, 93-108.
Bertrand, J.-M., Pidgeon, R.T., Leterrier, J., Guillot, F., Gasquet, D., Gattiglio, M., 2000.SHRIMP and IDTIMS U-Pb zircon ages of the pre-Alpine basement in the Internal Western Alps(Savoy and Piemont). Schweizerische Mineralogische Petrographische Mitteilungen 80, 225-248.
Bussien, D., Bussy, F., Magna, T., Masson, H., 2011. Timing of Palaeozoic magmatism in the Maggia and Sambucco nappes and paleogeographic implications(Central Lepontine Alps). Swiss Journal of Geosciences 104, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-010-0049-6.
Bussy, F., von Raumer,J., 1994. U-Pb geochronology of Palaeozoic magmatic events in the Mont-Blanc Crystalline Massif, Western Alps. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 74, 514-515.
Bussy, F., Derron, M., Jacquod, J., Thelin, P., Sartori, M., 1996. The 500 Ma-old Thyon metagranite:a new A-type granite occurrence in the penninic realm(Western Alps, Switzerland). European Journal of Mineralogy 8, 565-575.
Bussy, F., Hernandez, J., Von Raumer, J., 2000. Bimodal magmatism as a consequence of the post-collisional readjustment of the thickened variscan continental lithosphere(Aiguilles Rouges/Mont-Blanc massifs, western Alps).Transactions Royal Society of Edinburgh 91, 221-233.
Bussy, F., Peronnet, V., Ulianov, A., Epard, J.L., von Raumer, J., 2011. Ordovician magmatism in the external French Alps:witness of a peri-Gondwanan active continental margin. In:Gutierrez-Marco, J.C., Rabano, I., Garcia-Bellido, D.(Eds.), The Ordovician of the World, vol. 14. Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espana, Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, Madrid, pp. 75-82.
Cabella, R., Cortesogno, L., Gaggero, L., 1990. Il basamento cristallino del Torrente Visone. Rendiconti della Societa Geologica Italiana 14, 29-33.
Cabella, R., Cortesogno, L., Dallagiovanna, G., Gaggero, L., Lucchetti, L., 1991. Metamorfismo alpino a giadeite+quarzo in crosta continentale nel Brianzonese ligure. Atti Ticinensi di Scienze della Terra 34, 43-54.
Casas, J.P., Castineiras, P., Navidad, M., Liesa, M., Carreras, J., 2010. New insights into the Late Ordovician magmatism in the Eastern Pyrenees:U-Pb SHRIMP zircon data from the Canigo Massif. Gondwana Research 17, 317-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2009.10.0 06.
Casas,J.P., Castineiras, P., Navidad, M., Liesa, M., Martinez,J.F.,Carreras,J., Reche, J.,Iriondo, A., Aleinikoff,J., Cires,J., Dietsch, C., 2011. Ordovician magmatism in NE Iberia. In:Gutierrez-Marco, J.C., Rabano, I., Garcia-Bellido, D.(Eds.), The Ordovician of the World, vol. 14. Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espana, Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, Madrid, pp. 95-100.
Castineiras, P., Navidad, M., Liesa, M., Carreras, J., Casas, J.M., 2008. U-Pb zircon ages(SHRIMP)for Cadomian and Early Ordovician magmatism in the Eastern Pyrenees:new insights into the pre-Variscan evolution of the northern Gondwana margin.Tectonophysics 461, 228-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.04.005.
Casini, L., Cuccuru, S., Maino, M., Oggiano, G., Tiepolo, M., 2012. Emplacement of the Arzachena Pluton(Corsica-Sardinia Batholith)and the geodynamics of incoming Pangaea. Tectonophysics 544-545, 31-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.03.028.
Casini, L., Cuccuru, S., Maino, M., Oggiano, G., Puccini, A., Rossi, P., 2015a. Structural map of Variscan northern Sardinia(Italy). Journal of Maps 11(1), 75-84.https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2014.936914.
Casini, L., Cuccuru, S., Puccini, A., Oggiano, G., Rossi, P., 2015b. Evolution of the Corsica-Sardinia Batholith and late-orogenic shearing of the Variscides. Tectonophysics 646, 65-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2015.01.017.
Corfu, F., Hanchar, J.M., Hoskin, P.W.O., Kinny, P., 2003. Atlas of zircon textures. In:Hanchar, J.M., Hoskin, P.W.O.(Eds.), Zircon, Mineralogical Society of America.Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry vol. 53, 468-500.
Cortesogno, L., 1986. Magmatismo e metamorfismo pre-Alpini nel basamento e nel tegumento delle Alpi Liguri. Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana 28,331-352.
Cortesogno, L., Dallagiovanna, G., Gaggero, L., Vanossi, M., 1993. Elements for the Palaeozoic history of the Ligurian Alps. In:von Raumer, J., Neubauer, D.(Eds.),Pre-Alpine Geology. Springer Verlag, pp. 258-276.
Cortesogno, L., Gaggero, L., Capelli, C., 1997. Petrology of pre-Alpine eclogites and amphibolites from the Ligurian Brianconnais basement. Atti Ticinensi di Scienze della Terra 39, 3-29.
Cortesogno, L., Gaggero, L., Lucchetti, G.,Cabella, R.,2002. Composition and miscibility gap in Na-Ca clinopyroxenes through high-pressure metamorphism. Periodico di Mineralogia 71,1-25.
Cortesogno, L., Gaggero, L., Oggiano, G., Paquette, J.L., 2004. Different tectono-thermal evolutionary paths in eclogitic rocks from the axial zone of the Variscan chain in Sardinia(Italy)compared with the Ligurian Alps. Ofioliti 29,125-144.
Cruciani, G., Franceschelli, M., Langone, A., Puxeddu, M., Scodina, M., 2015. Nature and age of pre-Variscan eclogite protoliths from the Low-to Medium-Grade Metamorphic Complex of north-central Sardinia(Italy)and comparisons with coeval Sardinian eclogites in the northern Gondwana context. Journal of the Geological Society 172(6), 792-807.
Dallagiovanna, G., Gaggero, L., Maino, M., Seno, S., Tiepolo, M., 2009. U-Pb zircon ages for post-Variscan volcanism in the Ligurian Alps(Northern Italy). Journal of the Geological Society of London 166, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492008-027.
Decarlis, A., Dallagiovanna, G., Lualdi, A., Maino, M., Seno, S., 2013. Stratigraphic evolution in the Ligurian Alps between Variscan heritages and the Alpine Tethys opening:a review. Earth-Science Reviews 125, 43-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.07.001.
Decarlis, A., Maino, M., Dallagiovanna, G., Lualdi, A., Masini, E., Toscani, G., Seno, S.,2014. Salt tectonics in the SW Alps(Italy-France):from rifting to the inversion of the European continental margin in a context of oblique convergence. Tectonophysics 636, 293-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2014.09.003.
Decarlis, A., Felli, M.G., Maino, M., Ferrando, S., Manatschal, G., Gaggero, L., Seno, S.,Stuart, F.M., Beltrando, M., 2017. Tectono-thermal evolution of a distal rifted margin:constraints from the Calizzano Massif(Prepiedmont-Brianconnais domain, Ligurian Alps). Tectonics 36. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017TC004634.
Del Moro, A., Pardini, G., Messiga, B., Poggio, M., 1981. Dati petrologici e radiometrici preliminari sui massicci cristallini della Liguria occidentale. Rendiconti della Societa Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia 38, 73-87(in Italian).
Deloule,E.,Alexandrov, P.,Cheilletz, A.,Laumonier,B.,Barbey,P., 2002. In situ U-Pb zircon ages for Early Ordovician magmatism in the eastern Pyrenees, France:the Canigou orthogneisses. International Journal of Earth Sciences 91, 398-405.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-001-0232-0.
Desmons,J., Compagnoni, R., Cortesogno, L., Frey, M., Gaggero, L., 1999a. Pre-Alpine metamorphism of the internal zones of the Western Alps. Schweizer Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 79, 23-39.
Desmons, J., Aprahamian, J., Compagnoni, R., Cortesogno, L., Frey,M., Gaggero, L.,Dallagiovanna, G., Seno, S., 1999b. Alpine metamorphism of the Western Alps:I.Middle to high T/P metamorphism. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 79, 89-110.
Diez Montes, A., Martinez Catalan, J.R., Bellido Mulas, F., 2010. Role of the Ollo de Sapo massive felsic volcanism of NW Iberia in the Early Ordovician dynamics of northern Gondwana. Gondwana Research 17, 363-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2009.09.001.
Elliot, D.H., Fanning, C.M.,Laudon, T.S., 2016. The Gondwana plate margin in the Weddell sea sector:zircon geochronology of upper paleozoic(mainly permian)strata from the Ellsworth mountains and eastern Ellsworth land, Antarctica.Gondwana Research 29, 234-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2014.12.001.
Fiannacca, P., Williams, I.S., Cirrincione, R., Pezzino, A., 2008. Crustal contributions to Late Hercynian peraluminous magmatism in the southern Calabria-Peloritani Orogen, southern Italy:petrogenetic inferences and the Gondwana connection. Journal of Petrology 49(8), 1497-1514.
Fiannacca, P., Williams, I.S., Cirrincione, R., Pezzino, A., 2013. The augen gneisses of the Peloritani Mountains(NE Sicily):granitoid magma production during rapid evolution of the northern Gondwana margin at the end of the Precambrian.Gondwana Research 23(2), 782-796.
Fornelli, A., Micheletti, F., Piccarreta, G., 2016. Late-Proterozoic to Paleozoic history of the peri-Gondwana Calabria-Peloritani terrane inferred from a review of zircon chronology. SpringerPlus 5(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-1839-8.
Franke, W., Robin, M., Cocks, L., Torsvik, T.H., 2017. The Palaeozoic Variscan oceans revisited. Gondwana Research 48, 257-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2017.03.005.
Gaggero, L., Cortesogno, L., Bertrand, J.M., 2004. The pre-Namurian basement of the Ligurian Alps:a review of the lithostratigraphy, pre-Alpine metamorphic evolution,and regional comparisons. Periodico di Mineralogia, Special Issue 2(73), 85-96.
Gaggero, L., Oggiano, G., Funedda, A., Buzzi, L., 2012. Rifting and arc-related early Palaeozoic volcanism along the north Gondwana margin:geochemical and geological evidence from Sardinia(Italy). The Journal of Geology 120, 273-292.https://doi.org/10.1086/664776.
Gaggero, L., Gretter, N., Langone, A., Ronchi, A., 2017. U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry of late Palaeozoic volcanism in Sardinia(southern Variscides).Geoscience Frontiers 8(6), 1263-1284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2016.11.015.
Giacomini, F., Bomparola, R.M., Ghezzo, C., Guldbransen, H., 2006. The geodynamic evolution of the Southern European Variscides:constraints from the U/Pb geochronology and geochemistry of the lower Palaeozoic magmaticsedimentary sequences of Sardinia(Italy). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 152(1), 19-42.
Giacomini, F., Braga, R., Tiepolo, M., Tribuzio, R., 2007. New constraints on the origin and age of Variscan eclogitic rocks(Ligurian Alps, Italy). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 153, 29-53.
Guillot, F., Liegeois, J.-P., Fabre, J., 1991. Upper Cambrian granophyre of Mount Pourri, Brianconnais Zone, Vanoise; first U/Pb dating of zircon from the basement of the internal French Alps. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences,Paris 313(11), 239-244.
Guillot, F., Schaltegger, U., Bertrand, J.M., Deloule, E., Baudin, T., 2002. Zircon U-Pb geochronology of Ordovician magmatism in the polycyclic Ruitor massif(Internal W Alps). International Journal of Earth Sciences 91, 964-978.
Gutierrez-Alonso, G., Fernandez-Suarez, J., Gutierrez-Marco, J.C., Corfu, F.,Murphy, J.B., Suarez, M., 2007. U-Pb depositional age for the upper Barrios Formation(Armorican quartzite facies)in the Cantabrian zone of Iberia:implications for stratigraphic correlation and paleogeography. In:Linnemann, U.,Nance, R.D., Kraft, P., Zulauf, G.(Eds.), The Evolution of the Rheic Ocean:From Avalonian-Cadomian Active Margin to Alleghenian-Variscan Collision, Geological Society of America, Special Paper, vol. 423, pp. 287-296.
Horstwood, S.A., Foster, G.L., Parrish, R.R., Noble, S.R., Nowell, G.M., 2003. CommonPb corrected in situ U-Pb accessory mineral geochronology by LA-MC-ICP-MS. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 18, 837-846.
Horstwood, M.S., Rosler, J., Gehrels, G., Jackson, S.E., McLean, N.M., Paton, C.,...,Bowring,J.F., 2016. Community-derived standards for LA-ICP-MS U-(Th-)Pb geochronology-uncertainty propagation, age interpretation and data reporting.Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research 40(3), 311-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.17 51-908X.2016.00379.x.
Hoskin, P.W.O., Schaltegger, U., 2003. The composition of zircon and igneous and metamorphic petrogenesis. In:Zircon, Hanchar, J.M., Hoskin, W.O.(Eds.), Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, vol. 53. Mineralogical Society of America, pp. 7-62.
Ketchum, J.W.F., Jackson, S.E., Culshaw, N.G., Barr, S.M., 2001. Depositional and tectonic setting of the Palaeoproterozoic Lower Aillik Group, Makkovik Province, Canada:evolution of a passive margin-foredeep sequence based on petrochemistry and U-Pb(TIMS and LAM-ICP-MS)geochronology. Precambrian Research 105, 331-356.
Lemoine, M., Bas, T., Arnaud-Vanneau, A.,Arnaud, H., Dumont, T., Gidon, M.,Bourbon, M., de Graciansky, P.-C., Rudkiewicz, J.-L., Megard-Galli, J., Tricart, P.,1986. The continental margin of the Mesozoic Tethys in the Western Alps.Marine and Petroleum Geology 3,179-199.
Liesa, M., Carreras, J., Castineiras, P., Casas, J.M., Navidad, M., Vila, M., 2011. U-Pb zircon age of Ordovician magmatism in the Albera Massif(Eastern Pyrenees).Geologica Acta 9, 93-101.
Linnemann, U., Gehmlich, M., Tichomirowa, M., Buschmann, B., Nasdala, L., Jonas, P.,Liitzner, H., Bombach, K., 2000. From Cadomian subduction to early Palaeozoic rifting:the evolution of Saxo-Thuringia at the margin of Gondwana in the light of single zircon geochronology and basin development(central European Variscides, Germany). In:Franke, W., Haak, V., Oncken, O., Tanner, D.(Eds.),Orogenic Processes:Quantification and Modelling in the Variscan Belt,Geological Society of London Special Publication, vol. 179, pp. 131-153. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.179.01.10.
Linnemann, U., Gerdes, A., Drost, K., Buschmann, B., 2007. The continuum between Cadomian orogenesis and opening of the Rheic Ocean:constraints from LA-ICPMS U-Pb zircon dating and analysis of platetectonic setting(Saxo-Thuringian zone, northeastern Bohemian Massif, Germany). In:Linnemann, U., Nance, D.,Kraft, P, Zulauf, G.(Eds.), The Evolution of the Rheic Ocean:From AvalonianCadomian Active Margin to Alleghenian-Variscan Collision, Geological Society of America Special Paper, vol. 423, pp. 61-96.
Linnemann, U., Pereira, F., Jeffries, T.E., Drost, K., Gerdes, A., 2008. The Cadomian orogeny and the opening of the Rheic Ocean:the diacrony of geotectonic processes constrained by LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating(Ossa-Morena and Saxo-Thuringian zones, Iberian and Bohemian Massifs). Tectonophysics 461,21-43.
Ludwig, K.R., 2001. SQUID 1.02, a User's Manual. Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication No. 2, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, US.
Ludwig, K.R., 2003. Isoplot/Ex Version 3.0:a Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel, 4. Berkeley Geochronology Center, Special Publication, p. 70.
Maino, M., Seno, S., 2016. The thrust zone of the Ligurian Penninic basal contact(Monte Fronte, Ligurian Alps, Italy). Journal of Maps 12(1), 341-351. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2016.1213669.
Maino, M., Dallagiovanna, G., Dobson, K., Gaggero, L., Persano, C., Seno, S.,Stuart, F.M., 2012a. Testing models of orogen exhumation using zircon(U-Th)/He thermochronology:insights from the Ligurian Alps, Northern Italy. Tectonophysics 560/561, 84-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.06.045.
Maino, M., Dallagiovanna, G., Gaggero, L., Seno, S., Tiepolo, M., 2012b. U-Pb zircon geochronological and petrographic constraints on late to post-collisional Variscan magmatism and metamorphism in the Ligurian Alps, Italy. Geological Journal 47(6), 632-652. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.2421.
Maino, M., Decarlis, A., Felletti, F., Seno, S., 2013. Tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin(NW Italy)within the Oligo-Miocene central Mediterranean geodynamics. Tectonics 32, 593-619. https://doi.org/10.1002/tect.20047.
Maino, M., Bonini, L., Dallagiovanna, G., Seno, S., 2015a. Large sheath folds in the Brianconnais of the Ligurian Alps reconstructed by analysis of minor structures and stratigraphic mapping. Journal of Maps 11(1), 157-167. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2014.959568.
Maino, M., Casini, L., Ceriani, A., Decarlis, A., Di Giulio, A., Seno, S., Setti,M.,Stuart, F.M., 2015b. Dating shallow thrusts with zircon(U-Th)/He thermochronometry-the shear heating connection. Geology 43(6), 495-498. https://doi.org/10.1130/G36492.1.
Martini, P., Tongiorgi, M., Oggiano, G., Cocozza, T., 1991. Alluvial fan to marine shelf transition in SW Sardinia, Western Mediterranean Sea:tectonically("Sardic Phase")influenced clastic Ordovician sedimentation. Sedimentary Geology 72,97-115.
Matte, P., 1986. Tectonics and plate tectonics model for the Variscan belt of Europe.Tectonophysics 126, 329-374.
Matte, P., 2001. The Variscan collage and orogeny(480-290 Ma)and the tectonic definition of the Armorica microplate:a review. Terra Nova 13,122-128.
Menot, R.-P., Peucat, J.J., Scarenzi, D., Piboule, M., 1988.496 My age of plagiogranites in the Chamrousse ophiolite complex(External Crystalline Massifs in the French Alps):evidence of a Lower Palaeozoic oceanization. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 88, 82-92.
Messiga, B., Oxilia, M., Piccardo, G.B., Vanossi, M., 1981. Fasi metamorfiche e deformazioni Alpine nel Brianzonese e nel Pre-Piemontese-Piemontese esterno delle Alpi Liguri:un possible modello evolutivo. Rendiconti della Societa Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia 38(1), 261-280(in French).
Messiga, B., Tribuzio, R., Scambelluri, M., 1992. Mafic eclogites from the valosio crystalline massif(Ligurian Alps, Italy). Schweizerische Mineralogische Und Petrographische Mitteilungen 72, 365-377.
Micheletti, F., Barbey, P., Fornelli, A., Piccarreta, G., Deloule, E., 2007. Latest Precambrian to Early Cambrian U-Pb zircon ages of augen gneisses from Calabria(Italy), with inference to the Alboran microplate in the evolution of the periGondwana terranes. International Journal of Earth Sciences 96(5), 843-860.
Micheletti, F., Fornelli, A., Piccarreta, G., Tiepolo, M., 2011. U-Pb zircon data of Variscan meta-igneous and igneous acidic rocks from an Alpine shear zone in Calabria(southern Italy). International Journal of Earth Sciences 100(1), 139-155.
Molina, M., 2002. Analisi petrologica e geocronologica di litotipi del basamento e del tegumento delle Alpi Liguri e del basamento della Sardegna nordorientale(PhD thesis). University of Genoa(in Italian with English abstract).
Montero, C., Bea, F., Gonzalez-Lodeiro, F., Talavera, C., Whitehouse, M.J., 2007. Zircon ages of the metavolcanic rocks and metagranites of the Ollo de Sapo domain in central Spain:implications for the Neoproterozoic to early Palaeozoic evolutionof Iberia. Geological Magazine 144, 963-976. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756807003858.
Muller, B., Klotzli, U., Schaltegger, U., Flisch, M., 1996. Early Cambrian oceanic plagiogranite in the Silvretta nappe, eastern Alps:geochemical, zircon U-Pb and Rb-Sr data from garnet-hornblende-plagioclase gneisses. Geologische Rundschau 85, 822-831. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02440113.
Nance, R.D., Gutierrez-Alonso, G., Keppie, J.D., Linnemann, U., Murphy, J.B.,Quesada, C., Strachan, R.A., Woodcock, N.H., 2010. Evolution of the Rheic Ocean.Gondwana Research 17(2-3), 194-222.
Navidad, M., Castineiras, P., Casas, J.M., Liesa, M., Fernandez Suarez, J., Barnolas, A.,Carreras, J., Gil-Pena, I., 2010. Geochemical characterization and isotopic age of Caradocian magmatism in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula:insights into the Late Ordovician evolution of the northern Gondwana margin. Gondwana Research 17, 325-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2009.11.013.
Navidad, M., Castineiras, P., 2011. Early Ordovician magmatism in the northern Central Iberian zone(Iberian Massif):new U-Pb(SHRIMP)ages and isotopic SrNd data. In:Gutierrez-Marco, J.C.,Rabano, I., Garcia-Bellido, D.(Eds.), The Ordovician of the World, vol. 14. Institute Geologico y Minero de Espana,Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, Madrid, pp. 391-398.
Oggiano, G., Gaggero, L., Funedda, A., Buzzi, L., Tiepolo, M., 2010. Multiple early Palaeozoic volcanic events at the northern Gondwana margin:U-Pb age evidence from the southern Variscan branch(Sardinia, Italy). Gondwana Research17, 44-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2009.06.001.
Paces, J.B., Miller, J.D., 1993. Precise U-Pb ages of Duluth Complex and related mafic intrusions, Northern Minnesota:geochronological insight to physical, petrogenic, and tectonomagmatic processes associated with the 1.1 Ga midcontinent rift system. Journal of Geophysical Research 98(B8), 13997-14013.
Paquette, L., Menot, R.P., Peucat, J.J., 1989. REE, Sm-Nd and U-Pb zircon study of eclogites from the Alpine External massifs(western Alps):evidence for crustal contamination. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 96, 181-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(89)90131-3.
Poller, U., Liebetrau, V., Todt, W., 1997. U-Pb single-zircon dating under cathodoluminescence control(CLC-method):application to polymetamorphic orthogneisses. Chemical Geology 139, 287-297.
Rode, S., Rosel, D., Schulz, B., 2012. Constraints on the Variscan P-T evolution by EMP Th-U-Pb monazite dating in the polymetamorphic Austroalpine Oetztal-Stubai basement(eastern Alps). Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Geowissenschaften 163, 43-67. https://doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2012/0163-0043.
Roger, F., Respaut, J.P., Brunel, M., Matte, Ph, Paquette, J.L., 2004. Premiere datation U-Pb des orthogneiss oeilles de la zone axiale de la Montgane Noire(Sud du Massif central):Nouveaux temoins du magmatisme ordovicien dans la chaine varisque. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Geoscience 336,19-28(in Italian). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2003.10.014.
Rossi, P., Oggiano, G., Cocherie, A., 2009. A restored section of the'southern Variscan Realm'across the Corsica-Sardinia microcontinent. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 341, 224-238.
Rubatto, D., 2002. Zircon trace element geochemistry:partitioning with garnet and the link between U-Pb ages and metamorphism. Chemical Geology 184(1),123-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00355-2.
Rubatto, D., Schaltegger, U., Lombardo, B., Colombo, F., Compagnoni, R., 2001.Complex Palaeozoic magmatic and metamorphic evolution in the Argentera Massif(Western Alps)resolved with U-Pb dating. Swiss Bulletin of Mineralogy and Petrology 81, 213-228.
Rubio-Ordonez, A., Valverde-Vaquero, P., Corretge, L.G., Cuesta-Fernandez, A.,Gallastegui, G., Fernandez-Gonzalez, M., Gerdes, A., 2012. An Early Ordovician tonalitic-granodioritic belt along the Schistose-Greywacke domain of the Central Iberian zone(Iberian Massif, Variscan belt). Geological Magazine 149(5), 927-939. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756811001129.
Sanchez Martinez, S., Gerdes, A., Arenas, R., Abati, J., 2012. The bazar ophiolite of NW Iberia:a relic of the Iapetus-Tornquist ocean in the variscan suture. Terra Nova 24, 283-294. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.2012.01061.x.
Schaltegger, U., 1993. The evolution of the polymetamorphic basement in the central Alps unraveled by precise U-Pb zircon dating. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 113, 466-478. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00698316.
Schaltegger, U., Gebauer, D., 1999. Pre-Alpine geochronology of the Central, Western and Southern Alps. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 79, 79-87.
Schaltegger, U., Gebauer, D., von Quadt, A., 2002. The mafic-ultramafic rock association of Loderio-Biasca(lower Pennine nappes, Ticino, Switzerland):Cambrian oceanic magmatism and its bearing on early Palaeozoic paleogeography. Chemical Geology 186, 265-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00005-0.
Schaltegger, U., Abrecht, J.,Corfu, F., 2003. The Ordovician orogeny in the Alpine basement:constraints from geochronology and geochemistry in the Aar Massif(central Alps). Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 83, 183-195.
Schmid, S., Pfiffner, A., Froitzheim, N., Schonborn, G., Kissling, E., 1996. Geophysicalgeological transect and tectonic evolution of the Swiss-Italian Alps. Tectonics15, 1036-1064. https://doi.org/10.1029/96TC00433.
Schulz, B., Steenken, A., Siegesmund, S., 2008. Geodynamic evolution of an Alpine terrane-the Austroalpine basement to the south of the Tauern Window as a part of the Adriatic plate(eastern Alps). In:Siegesmund, S., Fugenschuh, B.,Froitzheim, N.(Eds.), Tectonic Aspects of the Alpine-Dinaride-Carpathian System:Geological Society of London Special Publication 298, pp. 5-44.
Schulz, B., von Raumer, J., 2011. Discovery of Ordovician-Silurian metamorphic monazite in garnet metapelites of the Alpine External Aiguilles Rouges Massif.Swiss Journal of Geosciences 104.1, 67-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-010-0048-7.
Seno, S., Dallagiovanna, G., Vanossi, M., 2005. A kinematic evolutionary model for the Penninic sector of the central Ligurian Alps. International Journal of Earth Sciences 94,114-129.
Seno, S., Dallagiovanna, G., Gaggero, L., Felletti, F., Pellegrini, L., 2010. Cairo Montenotte-228 Sheet, Geological Map of Italy, 1:50.000 Scale. ISPRA, Rome, Italy.Available online at:http://www.isprambiente.gov.it/Media/carg/liguria.html.
Spencer, C.J., Kirkland, C.L., Taylor, R.J.M., 2016. Strategies towards statistically robust interpretations of in situ U-Pb zircon geochronology. Geoscience Frontiers 7(4), 581-589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2015.11.006.
Stampfli, G.M., von Raumer, J., Wilhem, C., 2011. The distribution of Gondwana derived terranes in the early Palaeozoic. In:The Ordovician of the World, vol. 14.Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espana, Cuadernos del Museo Geominero,Madrid, pp. 567-574.
Tera, F., Wasserburg, G.J., 1972. U-Th-Pb systematics in three Apollo 14 basalts and the problem of initial Pb in lunar rocks. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 14(3), 281-304.
Thony, W.F., Tropper, P., Schennach, F., Krenn, E., Finger, F., Kaindl, R., Bernhard, F.,Hoinkes, G., 2008. The metamorphic evolution of migmatites from the Otztal complex(Tyrol, Austria)and constraints on the timing of the pre-Variscan highT event in the eastern Alps. Swiss Journal of Geosciences 101(Suppl. 1),111-126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-008-1290-0.
Tiepolo, M., 2003. In situ Pb geochronology of zircon with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry. Chemical Geology 192,1-19.
Trombetta, A., Cirrincione, R.,Corfu, F., Mazzoleni, P., Pezzino, A., 2004. MidOrdovician U-Pb ages of porphyroids in the Peloritan Mountains(NE Sicily):palaeogeographical implications for the evolution of the Alboran microplate.Journal of the Geological Society 161(2), 265-276.
Valverde-Vaquero, P., Dunning, G.R., 2000. New U-Pb ages for Early Ordovician magmatism in central Spain. Journal of the Geological Society of London 157,15-26. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs.157.1.15.
van Achterberg, E., Ryan, C.G., Jackson, S.E., Griffin, W., 2001. Data reduction software for LA-ICP-MS. In:Sylvester, P.(Ed.), Laser Ablation ICPMS in the Earth Science:Principles and Applications, vol. 29. Mineralogical Association of Canada, pp. 239-243.
Vanossi, M., Cortesogno, L., Galbiati, B., Messiga, B., Piccardo, G.B., Vannucci, R.,1986. Geologia delle Alpi Liguri:dati, problemi, ipotesi. Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana 28, 5-75.
von Raumer, J.F., 1998. The Palaeozoic evolution in the Alps-from Gondwana to Pangea. Geologische Rundschau 87, 407-435. https://doi.org/10.1007/S005310050219.
von Raumer, J.F., Stampfli, G.M., 2008. The birth of the Rheic Ocean-Early Palaeozoic subsidence patterns and tectonic plate scenarios. Tectonophysics 461,9-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.04.012.
von Raumer, J.F., Stampfli, G.M., Borel, G., Bussy, F., 2002. The organization of preVariscan basement areas at the north-Gondwanan margin. International Journal of Earth Sciences 91, 35-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s005310100200.
von Raumer, J.F., Stampfli, G.A., Bussy, F., 2003. Gondwana-derived microcontinents-the constituents of the Variscan and Alpine collisional orogens. Tectonophysics 365(1-4), 7-22.
von Raumer, J., Bussy, F., Stampfli, G., 2009. The Variscan evolution in the Alps-and place in their Variscan framework. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences,Geosciences 341, 239-252.
von Raumer, J.F., Bussy, F., Schaltegger, U., Schulz, B., Stampfli, G.M., 2013. PreMesozoic Alpine basements. Their place in the European Palaeozoic framework.The Geological Society of America Bulletin 125(1e2), 89-108.
Wiedenbeck, M., Alle, P., Corfu, F., Griffin, W.L., Meier, M., Oberli, F., Vonquadt, A.,Roddick, J.C., Speigel, W., 1995. Three natural zircon standards for U-Th-Pb, LuHf, trace element and REE analyses. Geostandards Newsletter 19,1-23.
Williams, I.S., 1998. U-Th-Pb geochronology by ion microprobe. Reviews in Economic Geology 7,1-35.
Williams, I.S., Fiannacca, P., Cirnincione, R., Pezzino, A., 2012. Peri-Gondwanan origin and early geodynamic history of NE Sicily:a zircon tale from the basement of the Peloritani Mountains. Gondwana Research 22(3), 855-865.
Winchester, J.A., Patocka, F., Kachlik, V., Melzer, M., Nawakowski, C., Crowley, Q.G.,Floyd, P.A., 2003. Geochemical discrimination of metasedimentary sequences in the Krkonose-Jisera terrane(West Sudetes, Bohemian Massif). Geologica Carpathica 54, 267-280.
Ziegler, P., 1984. Caledonian and Hercynian crustal consolidation of western and central Europe-a working hypothesis. Geologie en Mijnbouw 63, 93-108.