可控源时域电磁剖面成像方法与应用
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摘要
为了提高可控源时域电磁成像方法的分辨能力,实现对油气储层的有效识别,在多道瞬变电磁法的研究基础上,开展可控源时域电磁剖面成像方法与实际应用研究,以期提高视电阻率成像的稳定性与可靠性,解决油气储层与油水分界面识别难题。首先,以瞬变电磁场扩散理论为基础,将阶跃电流激发条件下得到的电场响应做微分运算,得到电场分量二次场波峰幅值与其走时的对应关系,定义了该方法视电阻率计算公式及其成像方法;其次,确立了该方法的野外资料采集方式,即保持地面观测点不动,依次移动发射源,将采集到的数据进行归一化处理,结合视电阻率成像方法,获取地下地质构造视电阻率剖面;最后,利用该成像方法对大庆宋芳屯油田可控源时域电磁法试验资料进行了处理,获取了试验区视电阻率拟断面图。结果表明,通过与试验区测井资料及瞬变电磁二维反演电阻率剖面对比认为,该方法成像简单快速,降低了反演的非唯一性,增强了资料解释的可靠性,成像结果具有良好的地质效果。
In order to enhance the resolution capability of the source-controlled time-domain electromagnetic imaging method and realize the effective identification of the oil and gas reservoir,on the basis of the theory of multichannel transient electromagnetic method,the imaging method stated above and its actual application were studied to improve the stability and reliability of the apparent resistivity imaging and solve the identification problem between the petroleum reservoir and oil-water interface. Firstly,based on the diffusion theory of the transient electromagnetic field,the electric field response obtained under the step current excitation condition was calculated differentially and the corresponding relationship between the quadratic field peak of the electric field component and its travel time was achieved,and moreover the calculating formula of the apparent resistivity and the imaging method for this method were defined; secondly,the field data collecting method was established,such as keeping the observation point still and moving the source in turn,then taking the collected data to normalize,combing with the imaging method of the apparent resistivity,the resistivity profile of underground geological structure was obtained;finally,with the help of this imaging method,the data of the source-controlled time-domain electromagnetic test in Daqing Songfangtun Oilfield were processed,and pseudo-section map of the apparent resistivity profile in the tested area was obtained. The results show that compared with the logging data of this area and the resistivity section by the transient electromagnetic two-dimensional inversion,this imaging method is considered to be simple and fast,reduce the non-uniqueness of the inversion,enhance the reliability of the data interpretation and furthermore possess much better geological effect for the imaged result.
In order to enhance the resolution capability of the source-controlled time-domain electromagnetic imaging method and realize the effective identification of the oil and gas reservoir,on the basis of the theory of multichannel transient electromagnetic method,the imaging method stated above and its actual application were studied to improve the stability and reliability of the apparent resistivity imaging and solve the identification problem between the petroleum reservoir and oil-water interface. Firstly,based on the diffusion theory of the transient electromagnetic field,the electric field response obtained under the step current excitation condition was calculated differentially and the corresponding relationship between the quadratic field peak of the electric field component and its travel time was achieved,and moreover the calculating formula of the apparent resistivity and the imaging method for this method were defined; secondly,the field data collecting method was established,such as keeping the observation point still and moving the source in turn,then taking the collected data to normalize,combing with the imaging method of the apparent resistivity,the resistivity profile of underground geological structure was obtained;finally,with the help of this imaging method,the data of the source-controlled time-domain electromagnetic test in Daqing Songfangtun Oilfield were processed,and pseudo-section map of the apparent resistivity profile in the tested area was obtained. The results show that compared with the logging data of this area and the resistivity section by the transient electromagnetic two-dimensional inversion,this imaging method is considered to be simple and fast,reduce the non-uniqueness of the inversion,enhance the reliability of the data interpretation and furthermore possess much better geological effect for the imaged result.
引文
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[5]严良俊、胡文宝,陈清礼,等.长偏移距瞬变电磁测深法在碳酸盐岩覆盖区落实局部构造的应用效果[J].地震地质,2001,23(2):271-276.YAN Liangjun,HU Wenbao,CHEN Qingli,et al. Trial with LOTEM investigate detailed geological structure in the area covered with carbonatite[J]. Seismology and Geology,2001,23(2):271-276.
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[8]白登海,MAXWELL A M,卢健,等.时间域瞬变电磁中心方式全程视电阻率的数值计算[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(5),697-704.BAI Denghai,MAXWELL A M,LU Jian,et al. Numerical calculation of all-time apparent resistivity for the central loop transient electromagnetic method[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(5):697-704.
[9]翁爱华,王雪秋.长偏移距瞬变电磁测深甚晚期响应及视电阻率的数值计算[J].地震地质,2003,25(4):664-670.WENG Aihua,WANG Xueqiu. Numerical simulations of very-late time response and apparent resistivity in long-offset TEM sounding[J]. Seismology and Geology,2003,25(4):664-670.
[10]王华军.时间域瞬变电磁法全区视电阻率的平移算法[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1936-1942.WANG Huajun. Time domain transient electromagnetic all time apparent resistivity translation algorithm[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(5):1936-1942.
[11] DUNCAN P M,HWANG A,EDWARD R N. et al. The development and applications of a wide band electromagnetic sounding system using a pseudo-noise source[J]. Geophysics,1980,45(8):1276-1296.
[12] WRIGHT D,ZIOLKOWSKI A,HOBBS B. Hydrocarbon detection and monitoring with a multicomponent transient electromagnetic(MTEM)survey[J]. The Leading Edge,2002,21(9):852-864.
[13] ZIOLKOWSKI A,HOBBS B A,WRIGHT D. Multi-transient electromagnetic demonstration survey in France[J]. Geophysics,2007,72(4):197-209.
[14] ZIOLKOWSKI A,PARR R,WRIGHT D,et al. Multi-transient electromagnetic repeatability experiment over the North Sea Harding Field[J]. Geophysics Prospecting,2010,58(6):1159-1176.
[15] ZIOLKOWSKI A,WRIGHT D,MATTSSON J. Comparison of pseudorandom binary sequence and square-wave transient controlled source electromagnetic dada over the Peon gas discovery,Norway[J]. Geophysics Prospecting,2011,59(6):1114-1131.
[16]底青云,雷达,王中兴,等.多通道大功率电法仪集成试验[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(12):4399-4407.DI Qingyun,LEI Da,WANG Zhongxing,et al. An integrated test of the multi-channel transient electromagnetic system[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(12):4399-4407.
[17]迟元林,云金表,蒙启安,等.松辽盆地深部结构及成盆动力学与油气聚集[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.CHI Yuanlin,YUN Jinbiao,MENG Qian,et al. The deep structure and dynamics of Songliao Basin and hydrocarbon accumulation[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2012.
[18]崔宝文,蒙启安,白雪峰,等.松辽盆地北部石油勘探进展与建议[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2018,37(3):1-9.CUI Baowen,MENG Qian,BAI Xuefeng,et al. Petroleum exploration progress and suggestions for North Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2018, 37(3):1-9.
[19]刘振宽,陈树民,王建民,等.大庆探区高分辨率三维地震勘探技术[J].中国石油勘探,2004,9(4):31-37.LIU Zhenkuan, CHEN Shuming, WANG Jianmin,et al. Highresolution 3D seismic exploration technology of Daqing exploration area[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2004,9(4):31-37.
[20]陈树民,于晶.松辽盆地北部储层预测技术发展历程及岩性油藏地震识别技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2004,23(5):103-106.CHEN Shumin,YU Jing. Development course of reservoir prediction technique and seismic recognition technique of lithologic reservoir in the northern part of Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2004,23(5):103-106.
[21]金成志.松辽盆地北部陆相非均质致密油整体勘探开发“2+3”模式[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2014,33(5):9-15.JIN Zhicheng. Overall exploration and development“2+3”model of the continental heterogeneous tight oil in North Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2014,33(5):9-15.
[22]崔宝文,林铁锋,董万百,等.松辽盆地北部致密油水平井技术及勘探实践[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2014,33(5):16-22.CUI Baowen,LIN Tiefeng,DONG Wanbai,et al. Horizontal well techniques and their exploration practices in the tight oil reservoirs in North Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2014,33(5):16-22.
[23]付丽,梁江平,白雪峰,等.松辽盆地北部扶余油层致密油资源评价[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2016,35(4):168-174.FU Li,LIANG Jiangping,BAI Xuefeng,et al. Resources evaluations of the tight oil in Fuyu reservoirs of North Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2016,35(4):168-174.
[2]刘国栋,邓前辉.电磁方法研究与勘探[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.LIU Guodong,DENG Qianhui. Research and exploration of electromagnetic method[M]. Beijing:Seismological Press,1993.
[3]金祖发,何展翔.用于油气勘探的固定源建场测深法[M].北京:地质出版社,1995.JIN Zhufa,HE Zhangxiang. Fixed source field sounding method for oil and gas exploration[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1995.
[4]严良俊,胡文宝,陈清礼,等.长偏移距瞬变电磁测深的全区视电阻率求取及快速反演方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(5):532-538.YAN Liangjun,HU Wenbao,CHEN Qingli,et al. The estimation and fast inversion of all-time apparent resistivities in long-offset transient electromagnetic sounding[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting(OGP),1999,34(5):532-538.
[5]严良俊、胡文宝,陈清礼,等.长偏移距瞬变电磁测深法在碳酸盐岩覆盖区落实局部构造的应用效果[J].地震地质,2001,23(2):271-276.YAN Liangjun,HU Wenbao,CHEN Qingli,et al. Trial with LOTEM investigate detailed geological structure in the area covered with carbonatite[J]. Seismology and Geology,2001,23(2):271-276.
[6]陈明生,田小波.电偶源瞬变电磁测深研究(六):瞬变磁资料的反演解释[J].煤田地质与勘探,2000,28(1):46-49.CHEN Mingsheng,TIAN Xiaobo. Study on the transient electromagnetic(TEM)sounding with electric dipole(VI):The inversion of TEM data[J]. Coal Geology&Exploration,2000,28(1):46-49.
[7]黄力军,陆桂福,刘瑞德,等.电性源瞬变电磁法在油田上的应用研究[J].物探与化探,2005,29(4):316-318.HUANG Lijun,LU Guifu,LIU Ruide,et al. The application of grounded source transient electromagnetic method to the oilfield[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2005,29(4):316-318.
[8]白登海,MAXWELL A M,卢健,等.时间域瞬变电磁中心方式全程视电阻率的数值计算[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(5),697-704.BAI Denghai,MAXWELL A M,LU Jian,et al. Numerical calculation of all-time apparent resistivity for the central loop transient electromagnetic method[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(5):697-704.
[9]翁爱华,王雪秋.长偏移距瞬变电磁测深甚晚期响应及视电阻率的数值计算[J].地震地质,2003,25(4):664-670.WENG Aihua,WANG Xueqiu. Numerical simulations of very-late time response and apparent resistivity in long-offset TEM sounding[J]. Seismology and Geology,2003,25(4):664-670.
[10]王华军.时间域瞬变电磁法全区视电阻率的平移算法[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1936-1942.WANG Huajun. Time domain transient electromagnetic all time apparent resistivity translation algorithm[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(5):1936-1942.
[11] DUNCAN P M,HWANG A,EDWARD R N. et al. The development and applications of a wide band electromagnetic sounding system using a pseudo-noise source[J]. Geophysics,1980,45(8):1276-1296.
[12] WRIGHT D,ZIOLKOWSKI A,HOBBS B. Hydrocarbon detection and monitoring with a multicomponent transient electromagnetic(MTEM)survey[J]. The Leading Edge,2002,21(9):852-864.
[13] ZIOLKOWSKI A,HOBBS B A,WRIGHT D. Multi-transient electromagnetic demonstration survey in France[J]. Geophysics,2007,72(4):197-209.
[14] ZIOLKOWSKI A,PARR R,WRIGHT D,et al. Multi-transient electromagnetic repeatability experiment over the North Sea Harding Field[J]. Geophysics Prospecting,2010,58(6):1159-1176.
[15] ZIOLKOWSKI A,WRIGHT D,MATTSSON J. Comparison of pseudorandom binary sequence and square-wave transient controlled source electromagnetic dada over the Peon gas discovery,Norway[J]. Geophysics Prospecting,2011,59(6):1114-1131.
[16]底青云,雷达,王中兴,等.多通道大功率电法仪集成试验[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(12):4399-4407.DI Qingyun,LEI Da,WANG Zhongxing,et al. An integrated test of the multi-channel transient electromagnetic system[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(12):4399-4407.
[17]迟元林,云金表,蒙启安,等.松辽盆地深部结构及成盆动力学与油气聚集[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.CHI Yuanlin,YUN Jinbiao,MENG Qian,et al. The deep structure and dynamics of Songliao Basin and hydrocarbon accumulation[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2012.
[18]崔宝文,蒙启安,白雪峰,等.松辽盆地北部石油勘探进展与建议[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2018,37(3):1-9.CUI Baowen,MENG Qian,BAI Xuefeng,et al. Petroleum exploration progress and suggestions for North Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2018, 37(3):1-9.
[19]刘振宽,陈树民,王建民,等.大庆探区高分辨率三维地震勘探技术[J].中国石油勘探,2004,9(4):31-37.LIU Zhenkuan, CHEN Shuming, WANG Jianmin,et al. Highresolution 3D seismic exploration technology of Daqing exploration area[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2004,9(4):31-37.
[20]陈树民,于晶.松辽盆地北部储层预测技术发展历程及岩性油藏地震识别技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2004,23(5):103-106.CHEN Shumin,YU Jing. Development course of reservoir prediction technique and seismic recognition technique of lithologic reservoir in the northern part of Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2004,23(5):103-106.
[21]金成志.松辽盆地北部陆相非均质致密油整体勘探开发“2+3”模式[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2014,33(5):9-15.JIN Zhicheng. Overall exploration and development“2+3”model of the continental heterogeneous tight oil in North Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2014,33(5):9-15.
[22]崔宝文,林铁锋,董万百,等.松辽盆地北部致密油水平井技术及勘探实践[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2014,33(5):16-22.CUI Baowen,LIN Tiefeng,DONG Wanbai,et al. Horizontal well techniques and their exploration practices in the tight oil reservoirs in North Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2014,33(5):16-22.
[23]付丽,梁江平,白雪峰,等.松辽盆地北部扶余油层致密油资源评价[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2016,35(4):168-174.FU Li,LIANG Jiangping,BAI Xuefeng,et al. Resources evaluations of the tight oil in Fuyu reservoirs of North Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2016,35(4):168-174.