微波熔炼锡合金粉工艺研究
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摘要
微波具有整体加热,速度快,加热效率高等优势,在新材料制备,尤其是在粉末冶金领域中具有广阔的应用前景。本文针对高速离心雾化制备锡合金粉中所产生的大量粉料回用问题,采用微波技术进行锡合金粉的强化熔炼。对离心雾化法制备的金属锡合金粉的形貌和粒径及吸附水分进行了表征,锡粉颗粒均匀且呈球形, 90%的颗粒粒径在50～75μm范围之间。通过介电性能测试,研究了锡粉的微波吸收特性。微波的穿透作用对锡粉具有良好的整体加热性能,对于粒径为50μm的金属锡合金粉来说,其微波作用的有效体积达到35.3%。研究了锡合金粉料微波加热和升温特性。结果表明:微波熔炼锡合金粉具有较高的升温速率,可达120℃·min~(-1)以上,具有较高的热效率,缩短了熔炼时间。并对合金元素分布、相组成、密度以及微波熔炼热效率等进行了分析,所制备的合金组织和元素分布均匀,致密性好,与理论密度一致。
Microwave heating has the advantages of overall heating, fast heating speed and high heating efficiency. It has broad application prospects in the preparation of new materials, especially in the field of powder metallurgy. To recycle the large deal of powder occurring in the process of high-speed centrifugal atomization of tin alloy powder, tin alloy powder was melt by microwave melting technology. The chemical characterization over the morphology, particle size and absorbed moisture of metallic tin powder prepared by centrifugal atomization method was carried out. It turned out that the tin powder particles were uniform and spherical with 90% of the particle size ranging from 50 to 75 μm. The microwave absorption characteristics of tin powder were investigated by dielectric properties test. The results showed that the penetrating effect of microwaves had a good overall heating performance for tin powder. For metal tin alloy powders with particle size of 50 μm, the effective volume of microwave heating was up to 35.3%. The microwave heating and characteristics of temperature rising of tin alloy powders were studied. Finally, it was concluded that microwave melting tin alloy powder had a higher heating rate, up to 120 ℃·min~(-1) or more and high thermal efficiency, which could shorten the experimental time. After analyzing the alloy element distribution, phase composition, density and thermal efficiency of microwave melting, it was found that the prepared alloy materials and elements were evenly distributed, compact and consistent with the theoretical density.
Microwave heating has the advantages of overall heating, fast heating speed and high heating efficiency. It has broad application prospects in the preparation of new materials, especially in the field of powder metallurgy. To recycle the large deal of powder occurring in the process of high-speed centrifugal atomization of tin alloy powder, tin alloy powder was melt by microwave melting technology. The chemical characterization over the morphology, particle size and absorbed moisture of metallic tin powder prepared by centrifugal atomization method was carried out. It turned out that the tin powder particles were uniform and spherical with 90% of the particle size ranging from 50 to 75 μm. The microwave absorption characteristics of tin powder were investigated by dielectric properties test. The results showed that the penetrating effect of microwaves had a good overall heating performance for tin powder. For metal tin alloy powders with particle size of 50 μm, the effective volume of microwave heating was up to 35.3%. The microwave heating and characteristics of temperature rising of tin alloy powders were studied. Finally, it was concluded that microwave melting tin alloy powder had a higher heating rate, up to 120 ℃·min~(-1) or more and high thermal efficiency, which could shorten the experimental time. After analyzing the alloy element distribution, phase composition, density and thermal efficiency of microwave melting, it was found that the prepared alloy materials and elements were evenly distributed, compact and consistent with the theoretical density.
引文
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[17] Peng Y D.Study on Microwave Heating Mechanism and Sintering Behavior of Powder Metallurgy Materials [D].Changsha:Central South University,2011.38.(彭元东.微波加热机制及粉末冶金材料烧结特性研究 [D].长沙:中南大学,2011.38.)
[18] Luo S D,Yan M,Schaffer G B,Qian M.Sintering of titanium in vacuum by microwave radiation [J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2011,42:2466.
[19] Li F,Li W C.Metallurgy and Materials Thermodynamics [M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2012.8.(李钒,李文超.冶金与材料热力学 [M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2012.8.)
[2] Luo S Z.The current situation and gap of domestic electronic welding materials [A].China High End SMT Academic Conference [C].2008.20.(罗时中.国内电子焊接材料的现状与差距 [A].中国高端SMT学术会议 [C].2008.20.)
[3] Xiao X,Li Y W,Wang D.Applied research on the resource value flow accounting about reducing smelting process of the tin [J].Accounting & Finance,2013,(3):88.(肖序,李雨薇,王典.锡还原熔炼过程中资源价值流的应用研究 [J].财务与金融,2013,(3):88.)
[4] Lin F,Lei X X,Wang J B,Zhang J W,Jiang Y L,Qin H Q.Preparation of tin nano-powders and their dispersion stability [J].China Powder Science & Technology,2013,19(2):36.(林峰,雷晓旭,王进保,张健伟,蒋燕麟,秦海青.纳米锡粉的制备及分散稳定性研究 [J].中国粉体技术,2013,19(2):36.)
[5] Wang X X,Peng J,Cui D T,Tang M Q,Long W M.Microstructure and mechanical properties of 316LN stainless steel brazed joints based on silver brazing filler metals with plating tin [J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2017,41(10):1167.(王星星,彭进,崔大田,唐明奇,龙伟民.镀锡银钎料钎焊316LN不锈钢的接头组织及力学性能 [J].稀有金属,2017,41(10):1167.)
[6] Wu M Z,Wu X,Zhu H M.Optimization of technogical parameters on solder powder preparation by centrifugal atomization [J].Powder Metallurgy Industry,2013,23(1):6.(伍美珍,武信,朱华明.离心雾化法制备焊锡粉工艺参数的优化 [J].粉末冶金工业,2013,23(1):6.)
[7] Fan X A,Rong Z Z,Yang F,Cai X Z,Han X W,Li G Q.Effect of process parameters of microwave activated hot pressing on the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3-based alloys [J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2015,630:282.
[8] Louzguine-Luzgin D V,Xie G Q,Li S,Inoue A,Yoshikawa N,Mashiko K,Taniguchic S,Sato M.Microwave-induced heating and sintering of metallic glasses [J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2009,483:78.
[9] Mondal A,Shukla A,Upadhyaya A,Agrawal D.Effect of porosity and particle size on microwave heating of copper [J].Science of Sintering,2010,42:169.
[10] Anklekar R M,Agrawal D K,Roy R.Microwave sintering and mechanical properties of PM copper steel [J].Powder Metallurgy,2001,44:355.
[11] Luo S D,Yan M,Schaffer G B,Qian M.Sintering of titanium in vacuum by microwave radiation [J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2011,42:2466.
[12] Rong Z Z,Fan X A,Yang F,Cai X Z,Han X W,Li G Q.Microwave activated hot pressing:a new opportunity to improve the thermoelectric properties of n-type Bi2Te3-xSex bulks [J].Materials Research Bulletin,2016,83:122.
[13] Lin J,Su J,Peng J H,Kang R,Guo S H,Wang Y K.Microwave technology in metallurgical smelting technology application status and prospects of [J].Vacuum Electronic Technology,2016,(6):36.(蔺琎,苏杰,彭金辉,亢若,郭胜慧,王云坤.微波技术在冶金熔炼领域应用现状及前景 [J].真空电子技术,2016,(6):36.)
[14] Guo J P,Wang C F,Sun Y B,Liu J C.Research on melting metal in microwave oven with ceramic crucible [J].Journal of Artificial Crystal,2009,(S1):324.(郭继萍,汪彩芬,孙亦兵,刘家臣.用陶瓷坩埚在微波炉中熔化金属的研究[J].人工晶体学报,2009,(S1):324.)
[15] Chen D,Li L,Chen Z H.Research status of microwave sintering for metal materials [J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2012,36(7):7.(陈鼎,李林,陈振华.金属材料微波烧结的研究现状 [J].机械工程材料,2012,36(7):7.)
[16] Xu L.Study on Properties of Microwave Heating Metal Copper Powder and Infiltrated Sintered Tungsten Copper Composite [D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2016.57.(许磊.微波加热金属铜粉及熔渗烧结钨铜复合材料特性研究 [D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2016.57.)
[17] Peng Y D.Study on Microwave Heating Mechanism and Sintering Behavior of Powder Metallurgy Materials [D].Changsha:Central South University,2011.38.(彭元东.微波加热机制及粉末冶金材料烧结特性研究 [D].长沙:中南大学,2011.38.)
[18] Luo S D,Yan M,Schaffer G B,Qian M.Sintering of titanium in vacuum by microwave radiation [J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2011,42:2466.
[19] Li F,Li W C.Metallurgy and Materials Thermodynamics [M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2012.8.(李钒,李文超.冶金与材料热力学 [M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2012.8.)