青岛市居民对改善空气质量的支付意愿研究
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摘要
通过问卷调查,获得了青岛市居民的空气质量意识和对空气质量改善的支付意愿的相关数据。引入人口统计变量、经济变量和空气质量意识变量,建立Logit模型分析了影响是否支付的因素;再利用Tobit模型,并采用更适合误差项非正态分布和异方差的对称修剪最小二乘法(STLS)进行估计。研究结果显示:青岛市愿意为改善空气质量进行支付的居民人数比例为86.71%,空气质量意识对是否愿意支付的影响最大,而收入水平对支付数额的影响最大;居民目前对改善空气质量的总支付意愿为每年11.84亿元,并且随着收入水平和空气质量意识的提高会不断增加。我们建议:如果政府加大空气质量相关知识的宣传力度,提高居民对空气质量的关注度,引导居民形成良好的价值判断,提高居民对空气质量的满意度,公开透明收费的使用,对居民收费改善空气质量就越具可行性。
With the help of the questionnaire survey,we obtain the related data about the Qingdao city residents′ air quality awareness and willingness to pay for the improvement of air quality.By introducing demographic,economic and air quality awareness variables,we use Logit model to analysis the factor that influence whether to pay,then utilize Tobit model and adopt symmetrically trimmed least square method that is more suitable for error item which is non-normally distributed and heteroscedasticity.The result of study show that the proportion of Qingdao City residents who are willing to pay is 86.71 percent,air quality awareness has the greatest impact on whether to pay while income level influence the pay amount the most.We also estimate that the annual total pay amount of the residents is 1.184 billion Yuan currently for improving the air quality and the amount will continue to rise as income levels and air quality awareness move up.We suggest that it′s more feasible to charge to residents to improve the air quality if the government increase publicity of the knowledge of air quality,raise residents′ attention on air quality,guide residents to form a good value judgment,raise residents′ satisfaction on air quality and enhance the transparency of the use of funds.
With the help of the questionnaire survey,we obtain the related data about the Qingdao city residents′ air quality awareness and willingness to pay for the improvement of air quality.By introducing demographic,economic and air quality awareness variables,we use Logit model to analysis the factor that influence whether to pay,then utilize Tobit model and adopt symmetrically trimmed least square method that is more suitable for error item which is non-normally distributed and heteroscedasticity.The result of study show that the proportion of Qingdao City residents who are willing to pay is 86.71 percent,air quality awareness has the greatest impact on whether to pay while income level influence the pay amount the most.We also estimate that the annual total pay amount of the residents is 1.184 billion Yuan currently for improving the air quality and the amount will continue to rise as income levels and air quality awareness move up.We suggest that it′s more feasible to charge to residents to improve the air quality if the government increase publicity of the knowledge of air quality,raise residents′ attention on air quality,guide residents to form a good value judgment,raise residents′ satisfaction on air quality and enhance the transparency of the use of funds.
引文
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[6]卿树涛,胡新良.农药残留对消费者意愿支付价格的影响——以西红柿为例[J].中国农村经济,2011(12):84-86.
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[14]Seung-Hoon Yoo,Tai-Yoo Kim,Jai-Ki Lee.Modeling zero response data from willingness to pay surveys.A semi-parametric estimation[J].Economics Letters,2001(71):191-196.
[2]蔡春光,郑晓瑛.北京市空气污染健康损失的支付意愿研究[J].经济科学,2007(1):107-110.
[3]彭希哲,田文华.上海市空气污染疾病经济损失的意愿支付研究[J].世界经济文汇,2003,(2):34-36.
[4]王艳,张宜升,刘斌.青岛市居民减少空气污染致病的支付意愿调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2008,25(4):326-329.
[5]诸培新,任艳利,曲福田.经济发达地区耕地非市场价值及居民支付意愿研究——以南京市为例[J].中国土地科学,2010,24(6):53-55.
[6]卿树涛,胡新良.农药残留对消费者意愿支付价格的影响——以西红柿为例[J].中国农村经济,2011(12):84-86.
[7]李国平,郭江.榆林煤炭矿区生态环境改善支付意愿分析[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2012,22(3):140-141.
[8]王民.环境意识及测评方法研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1999:18-22.
[9]胡志宁.Stata/Eviews计量经济分析[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2010:111-111.
[10]Robinson,P.M.,On the asymptotic properties of estimators of models containing limited dependent variables[J].Econometrica 1982(50):27-41.
[11]Goldberger,A.S,Abnormal selection bias,studies in econometrics,time series,and multivariate statistics[M].New York:Academic Press,1983:67-84.
[12]Arabmazar,A,P.Schmidt,All investigation of the robustness of the tobit estimator to non-normality[J].Econometrica,1982,(50):1055-1063.
[13]Pcwell.L James,Symmetrically trimmed least square estimation for tobit models[J].Econometrica,November1986,(6):1435-1460.
[14]Seung-Hoon Yoo,Tai-Yoo Kim,Jai-Ki Lee.Modeling zero response data from willingness to pay surveys.A semi-parametric estimation[J].Economics Letters,2001(71):191-196.