“免疫艾滋病基因编辑婴儿”的问题与危害
|
摘要
免疫艾滋病基因编辑婴儿的临床试验,试图通过基因编辑胚胎的方法,针对病毒进入细胞所需要的受体CCR5基因定点修饰,使婴儿达到抵抗艾滋病病毒的功效。目前母婴阻断艾滋病感染的技术已非常成熟,可有效使新生儿免于病毒感染。而CCR5在人体免疫细胞行使功能过程中具有关键作用,对健康胚胎实施CCR5基因编辑,会直接导致不可逆的突变和后代遗传的严重后果,长期安全性和危害无法预测。因此,必须严格禁止以生殖为目的的针对人类健康受精卵和胚胎基因修饰编辑的研究,科研人员需要严格把握科学研究与伦理法规的基本底线,确保创新技术的安全性和有效性。
In a recently clinical trial,He Jiankui and his colleagues claimed that they have edited the human embryonic genome to disable the CCR5 gene to prevent the babies from HIV infection.Nowadays the technology of blocking motherto-child transmission of HIV is very powerful,which can effectively prevent newborns from being infected by HIV.Although scientists found that one mutation on CCR5,known as CCR5-32,makes carriers highly resistant to HIV,much more studies have shown that the loss of CCR5 function increases the risk of severe or fatal reactions to some infectious diseases.In addition,genome editing for human healthy embryos may lead to irreversible mutations and serious consequences of heredity for future generations,and the long-term safety and negative consequences are unpredictable.We must strictly prohibit the genome editing of healthy fertilized eggs and embryos,and have the obligation and responsibility to provide the best quality of care to our community while pushing the boundary of innovation to fight against human diseases.
In a recently clinical trial,He Jiankui and his colleagues claimed that they have edited the human embryonic genome to disable the CCR5 gene to prevent the babies from HIV infection.Nowadays the technology of blocking motherto-child transmission of HIV is very powerful,which can effectively prevent newborns from being infected by HIV.Although scientists found that one mutation on CCR5,known as CCR5-32,makes carriers highly resistant to HIV,much more studies have shown that the loss of CCR5 function increases the risk of severe or fatal reactions to some infectious diseases.In addition,genome editing for human healthy embryos may lead to irreversible mutations and serious consequences of heredity for future generations,and the long-term safety and negative consequences are unpredictable.We must strictly prohibit the genome editing of healthy fertilized eggs and embryos,and have the obligation and responsibility to provide the best quality of care to our community while pushing the boundary of innovation to fight against human diseases.
引文
[1]UNAIDS.Global AIDS update 2018[R].Geneva:UNAIDS,2018.
[2]GUNTHARD H F,ABERG J A,ERON J J,et al.Antiretroviral treatment of adult HIV infection:2014recommendations of the International Antiviral Society:USA Panel[J].JAMA,2014,312(4):410-425.
[3]HAYNES B F,BURTON D R.Developing an HIV vaccine[J].Science,2017,355(6330):1129-1130.
[4]Anon.He Jiankui appeared in Hong Kong:Results disclosing and question answer[EB/OL].(2018-11-28)[2018-12-14].http://news.sina.com.cn/o/2018-11-28/doc-ihmutuec4407821.shtml.
[5]LUSSO P.HIV and the chemokine system:10years later[J].EM-BO J,2006,25(3):447-456.
[6]World Health Organization.Global guidance on criteria and process for validation:Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis[R].Geneva:World Health Organization,2014.
[7]Nuffield Council on Bioethics.Genome editing and human reproduction:Social and ethical issues[R].London:Nuffield Council on Bioethics,2018.
[8]National Academies of Sciences,Engineering,and Medicine.Human genome editing:Science,ethics,and governance[R].Washington,D.C.:The National Academies Press,2017.
[9]Chinese Ministry of Health,Ministry of Science and Technology.Ethical Guidance on Human Embryonic Cell Research,Regulations on Biomedical Research related to Human Studies,Safety Regulations on Biotechnology Research[R].Beijing:Chinese Ministry of Health,Ministry of Science and Technology,2003.
[10]WANG F,XIU M H,ZHOU D F,et al.The CCR5 32-bp deletion allele is rare in a Chinese population[J].Schizophr Res,2008,101(1/3):341-343.
[11]RAN F A,HSU P D,WRIGHT J,et al.Genome engineering using CRISPR-Cas9system[J].Nat Protoc,2013,8(11):2281-2308.
[12]CYRANOSK D.Baby gene edits could affect a range of traits[EB/OL].(2018-12-12)[2018-12-14].https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07713-2.
[13]ZHANG L Q,ZHONG P,ZHAI X M,et al.Open letter from Chinese HIV professionals on human genome editing[EB/OL].(2018-12-03)[2018-12-14].https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)33082-4/fulltext.
[14]WANG C,ZHAI X M,ZHANG X Q,et al.Gene-edited babies:Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences'response and action[EB/OL].(2018-11-30)[2018-12-14].https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)33080-0/fulltext.
[15]ZHANG B L,CHEN Z N,YI J,et al.Chinese Academy of Engineering calls for actions on the birth of gene-edited infants[EB/OL].(2018-11-30)[2018-12-14].https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)33081-2/fulltext.
[2]GUNTHARD H F,ABERG J A,ERON J J,et al.Antiretroviral treatment of adult HIV infection:2014recommendations of the International Antiviral Society:USA Panel[J].JAMA,2014,312(4):410-425.
[3]HAYNES B F,BURTON D R.Developing an HIV vaccine[J].Science,2017,355(6330):1129-1130.
[4]Anon.He Jiankui appeared in Hong Kong:Results disclosing and question answer[EB/OL].(2018-11-28)[2018-12-14].http://news.sina.com.cn/o/2018-11-28/doc-ihmutuec4407821.shtml.
[5]LUSSO P.HIV and the chemokine system:10years later[J].EM-BO J,2006,25(3):447-456.
[6]World Health Organization.Global guidance on criteria and process for validation:Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis[R].Geneva:World Health Organization,2014.
[7]Nuffield Council on Bioethics.Genome editing and human reproduction:Social and ethical issues[R].London:Nuffield Council on Bioethics,2018.
[8]National Academies of Sciences,Engineering,and Medicine.Human genome editing:Science,ethics,and governance[R].Washington,D.C.:The National Academies Press,2017.
[9]Chinese Ministry of Health,Ministry of Science and Technology.Ethical Guidance on Human Embryonic Cell Research,Regulations on Biomedical Research related to Human Studies,Safety Regulations on Biotechnology Research[R].Beijing:Chinese Ministry of Health,Ministry of Science and Technology,2003.
[10]WANG F,XIU M H,ZHOU D F,et al.The CCR5 32-bp deletion allele is rare in a Chinese population[J].Schizophr Res,2008,101(1/3):341-343.
[11]RAN F A,HSU P D,WRIGHT J,et al.Genome engineering using CRISPR-Cas9system[J].Nat Protoc,2013,8(11):2281-2308.
[12]CYRANOSK D.Baby gene edits could affect a range of traits[EB/OL].(2018-12-12)[2018-12-14].https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07713-2.
[13]ZHANG L Q,ZHONG P,ZHAI X M,et al.Open letter from Chinese HIV professionals on human genome editing[EB/OL].(2018-12-03)[2018-12-14].https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)33082-4/fulltext.
[14]WANG C,ZHAI X M,ZHANG X Q,et al.Gene-edited babies:Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences'response and action[EB/OL].(2018-11-30)[2018-12-14].https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)33080-0/fulltext.
[15]ZHANG B L,CHEN Z N,YI J,et al.Chinese Academy of Engineering calls for actions on the birth of gene-edited infants[EB/OL].(2018-11-30)[2018-12-14].https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)33081-2/fulltext.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |