焊接线能量对5182-O/HC260YD+Z异种材料CMT搭接接头组织与性能的影响
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摘要
以AlSi5焊丝作为填充材料,采用冷金属过渡(CMT)焊接技术对5182-O/HC260YD+Z异种材料进行搭接熔钎焊,借助OM、XRD、SEM、EDS分析了不同工艺参数下搭接接头的宏观形貌及微观组织特征,并对接头显微硬度及剪切强度进行了测试。结果表明,焊接线能量通过影响钎焊界面IMCs层厚度进而影响接头性能及断裂类型;当送丝速率为5 m/min、焊接速率为9 mm/s时,IMCs层厚度约为6μm,接头剪切强度可达160 MPa;接头断口形式分为"熔焊界面型"及"钎焊界面型",近起弧处均为"熔焊界面型"断口,随着焊接线能量增加,钎焊界面IMCs层厚度增加,近收弧处断口类型逐渐由"熔焊界面型"向"钎焊界面型"演变;当焊缝单位长度上焊机输出功为150～210 J/mm时,IMCs层厚度小于9μm,接头剪切强度较好,且较易获得"熔焊界面型"断口。
In recent years, the welding of dissimilar metals such as steels and aluminum alloys has attracted much more attentions due to weight reduction, especially in automobile and railway vehicle manufacturing industry. However, many challenges and problems need to be addressed in order to obtain high quality welding joints between steels and aluminum alloys resulting from their differences of thermalphysical properties. The formation of intermetallic compounds(IMCs) in the course of welding will lower the mechanical properties of the joints. Up to now, a few techniques have been tried to weld aluminum alloys and steels, including solid welding and fusion welding. In this work, dissimilar metals of 5182-O and HC260 YD+Z were welded by cold metal transfer(CMT) arc-brazing using AlSi5 as filler metal. The macro and micro morphologies of the overlap joint were investigated using OM, XRD, SEM and EDS analyses.The hardness and shear strength of the joints were tested. Results show that welding line energy can affect the thickness of IMCs existing on the brazing interface and thus depress the combination properties because of the different fracture modes. When the welding speed and wire feed speed are 9 mm/s and5 m/min respectively, the IMCs thickness is about 6 μm, and the shear strength of the jonts can reach to160 MPa. Two typical fracture modes of fusion interface fracture and brazing interface fracture were observed. The fracture mode of the position near arc striking is "fusion interface". With the increasing of welding energy, the thickness of IMCs is increased and the fracture mode near arc extinguishing is changed from "fusion interface" to "brazing interface". When the output power of CMT equipment is 150～210 J/mm at welding beam length, the IMCs thickness is less than 9 μ m, which benefits the shear strength performance of the joints, and the fracture mode of "fusion interface" can be easily obtained.
In recent years, the welding of dissimilar metals such as steels and aluminum alloys has attracted much more attentions due to weight reduction, especially in automobile and railway vehicle manufacturing industry. However, many challenges and problems need to be addressed in order to obtain high quality welding joints between steels and aluminum alloys resulting from their differences of thermalphysical properties. The formation of intermetallic compounds(IMCs) in the course of welding will lower the mechanical properties of the joints. Up to now, a few techniques have been tried to weld aluminum alloys and steels, including solid welding and fusion welding. In this work, dissimilar metals of 5182-O and HC260 YD+Z were welded by cold metal transfer(CMT) arc-brazing using AlSi5 as filler metal. The macro and micro morphologies of the overlap joint were investigated using OM, XRD, SEM and EDS analyses.The hardness and shear strength of the joints were tested. Results show that welding line energy can affect the thickness of IMCs existing on the brazing interface and thus depress the combination properties because of the different fracture modes. When the welding speed and wire feed speed are 9 mm/s and5 m/min respectively, the IMCs thickness is about 6 μm, and the shear strength of the jonts can reach to160 MPa. Two typical fracture modes of fusion interface fracture and brazing interface fracture were observed. The fracture mode of the position near arc striking is "fusion interface". With the increasing of welding energy, the thickness of IMCs is increased and the fracture mode near arc extinguishing is changed from "fusion interface" to "brazing interface". When the output power of CMT equipment is 150～210 J/mm at welding beam length, the IMCs thickness is less than 9 μ m, which benefits the shear strength performance of the joints, and the fracture mode of "fusion interface" can be easily obtained.
引文
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[29]Adamiak M,Wygl?dacz B,Czupryński A,et al.A study of suscep‐tibility and evaluation of causes of cracks formation in braze-weld filler metal in lap joints aluminum-carbon steel made with use of CMT method and high power diode laser[J].Arch.Metall.Mater.,2017,62:2113
[30]Cao R,Chang J H,Huang Q,et al.Behaviors and effects of Zn coating on welding-brazing process of Al-steel and Mg-steel dis‐similar metals[J].J.Manuf.Process.,2018,31:674
[31]Dong H G,Hu W J,Duan Y P,et al.Dissimilar metal joining of aluminum alloy to galvanized steel with Al-Si,Al-Cu,Al-Si-Cu and Zn-Al filler wires[J].J.Mater.Process.Technol.,2012,212:458
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[34]Xu H Y,Wang W Q,Huang S M,et al.Microstructures and proper‐ties of Ni-based wear resistant layers reinforced by TiC generated from in situ plasma spray welding[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2016,52:1423(徐红勇,王文权,黄诗铭等.等离子喷焊原位生成TiC硬质增强镍基耐磨层组织与性能[J].金属学报,2016,52:1423)
[2]Pan F,Cui L,Qian W,et al.Microstructures and mechanical prop‐erties of dual-beam laser keyhole welded joints of aluminum al‐loys to stainless steels[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2016,52:1388(潘峰,崔丽,钱伟等.铝合金/不锈钢双光束激光深熔焊接接头组织及力学性能[J].金属学报,2016,52:1388)
[3]Deschamps A,Ringeval S,Texier G,et al.Quantitative character‐ization of the microstructure of an electron-beam welded medium strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2009,A517:361
[4]Venkateswaran P,Reynolds A P.Factors affecting the properties of friction stir welds between aluminum and magnesium alloys[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2012,A545:26
[5]Haddadi F,Strong D,Prangnell P B.Effect of zinc coatings on joint properties and interfacial reactions in aluminum to steel ultra‐sonic spot welding[J].JOM,2012,64:407
[6]Torkamany M J,Tahamtan S,Sabbaghzadeh J.Dissimilar welding of carbon steel to 5754 aluminum alloy by Nd:YAG pulsed laser[J].Mater.Des.,2010,31:458
[7]Song J L,Lin S B,Yang C L,et al.Effects of Si additions on inter‐metallic compound layer of aluminum-steel TIG welding-brazing joint[J].J.Alloys Compd.,2009,488:217
[8]Lin J,Ma N S,Lei Y P,et al.Shear strength of CMT brazed lap joints between aluminum and zinc-coated steel[J].J.Mater.Pro‐cess.Technol.,2013,213:1303
[9]Mathieu A,Shabadi R,Deschamps A,et al.Dissimilar material joining using laser(aluminum to steel using zinc-based filler wire)[J].Opt.Laser Technol.,2007,39:652
[10]Carbucicchio M,Palombarini G,Ciprian R,et al.Interfacial micro‐structure and properties of dissimilar steels joined by high energy beam melting processes[J].Hyperfine Interact.,2009,191:143
[11]Zhang W H,Qiu X M,Sun D Q,et al.Effects of resistance spot welding parameters on microstructures and mechanical properties of dissimilar material joints of galvanised high strength steel and aluminium alloy[J].Sci.Technol.Weld.Join.,2011,16:153
[12]Bach F W,Beniyash A,Lau K,et al.Joining of steel-aluminium hybrid structures with electron beam on atmosphere[J].Adv.Ma‐ter.Res.,2005,6-8:143
[13]Sierra G,Peyre P,Deschaux-Beaume F,et al.Steel to aluminium key-hole laser welding[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2007,A447:197
[14]Laukant H,Wallmann C,Korte M,et al.Flux-less joining tech‐nique of aluminium with zinc-coated steel sheets by a dual-spotlaser beam[J].Adv.Mater.Res.,2005,6-8:163
[15]Kouadri-David A,Team P S M.Study of metallurgic and mechani‐cal properties of laser welded heterogeneous joints between DP600 galvanised steel and aluminium 6082[J].Mater.Des.,2014,54:184
[16]Yang J,Li Y L,Zhang H.Microstructure and mechanical proper‐ties of pulsed laser welded Al/steel dissimilar joint[J].Trans.Non‐ferrous Met.Soc.China,2016,26:994
[17]Mathieu A,Matte?S,Deschamps A,et al.Temperature control in laser brazing of a steel/aluminium assembly using thermographic measurements[J].NDT E Int.,2006,39:272
[18]Lee K J,Kumai S,Ishikawa N,et al.Interfacial microstructure of A6111/steel lap joint fabricated by defocused laser beam welding[J].Mater.Sci.Forum,2006,519-521:1119
[19]Dong H G,Yang L Q,Dong C,et al.Arc joining of aluminum al‐loy to stainless steel with flux-cored Zn-based filler metal[J].Ma‐ter.Sci.Eng.,2010,A527:7151
[20]Liu Y B,Sun Q J,Sang H B,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of cold metal transfer welded aluminium/nickel lap joints[J].Sci.Technol.Weld.Join.,2015,20:307
[21]Shi C L,He P,Feng J C,et al.Interface microstructure and me‐chanical property of CMT welding-brazed joint between alumi‐num and galvanized steel sheet[J].Trans.China Weld.Inst.,2006,27(12):61(石常亮,何鹏,冯吉才等.铝/镀锌钢板CMT熔钎焊界面区组织与接头性能[J].焊接学报,2006,27(12):61)
[22]Zhang H T,Feng J C,He P,et al.The arc characteristics and metal transfer behaviour of cold metal transfer and its use in joining alu‐minium to zinc-coated steel[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2009,A499:111
[23]Zhang H T,Feng J C,He P.Interfacial phenomena of cold metal transfer(CMT)welding of zinc coated steel and wrought alumini‐um[J].Metar.Sci.Technol.,2008,24:1346
[24]Cui D Z,Lu S,Cui Q Q,et al.Effect of heat input on microstruc‐ture and mechanical properties of CMT welding-brazing joint be‐tween 5052 aluminum alloy and galvanized Q235 steel[J].Trans.China Weld.Inst.,2014,35(9):82(崔佃忠,芦笙,崔晴晴等.焊接热输入对铝/镀锌钢CMT熔-钎焊接头组织与性能的影响[J].焊接学报,2014,35(9):82)
[25]Niu S,Chen S,Dong H G,et al.Microstructure and properties of lap joint between aluminum alloy and galvanized steel by CMT[J].J Mater.Eng.Perform.,2016,25:1839
[26]Zhang H T.Study on the mechanism of joining aluminium to zinccoated steel by CMT welding-brazing process[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2008(张洪涛.铝/镀锌钢板CMT熔-钎焊机理研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2008)
[27]Madhavan S,Kamaraj M,Vijayaraghavan L.Microstructure and mechanical properties of cold metal transfer welded aluminium/du‐al phase steel[J].Sci.Technol.Weld.Join.,2016,21:194
[28]Bruckner J.Cold metal transfer has a future joining steel to alumi‐num[J].Weld.J.,2005,84:38
[29]Adamiak M,Wygl?dacz B,Czupryński A,et al.A study of suscep‐tibility and evaluation of causes of cracks formation in braze-weld filler metal in lap joints aluminum-carbon steel made with use of CMT method and high power diode laser[J].Arch.Metall.Mater.,2017,62:2113
[30]Cao R,Chang J H,Huang Q,et al.Behaviors and effects of Zn coating on welding-brazing process of Al-steel and Mg-steel dis‐similar metals[J].J.Manuf.Process.,2018,31:674
[31]Dong H G,Hu W J,Duan Y P,et al.Dissimilar metal joining of aluminum alloy to galvanized steel with Al-Si,Al-Cu,Al-Si-Cu and Zn-Al filler wires[J].J.Mater.Process.Technol.,2012,212:458
[32]Dong H G,Liao C Q,Yang L Q,et al.Effects of post-weld heat treatment on dissimilar metal joint between aluminum alloy and stainless steel[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2012,A550:423
[33]Dong H G,Yang L Q,Dong C,et al.Improving arc joining of Al to steel and Al to stainless steel[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2012,A534:424
[34]Xu H Y,Wang W Q,Huang S M,et al.Microstructures and proper‐ties of Ni-based wear resistant layers reinforced by TiC generated from in situ plasma spray welding[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2016,52:1423(徐红勇,王文权,黄诗铭等.等离子喷焊原位生成TiC硬质增强镍基耐磨层组织与性能[J].金属学报,2016,52:1423)