坦桑尼亚西南部乌本迪带的构造演化特征
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摘要
乌本迪带主要位于坦桑尼亚西南部,由8个地体构成,不同地体具有不同的构造特征、岩浆作用和变质作用年龄。乌本迪带不是单一构造-热事件的产物,而是经过不同阶段的俯冲造山作用和盆地内沉积作用形成。本文通过综合整理不同时期乌本迪带内地质事件和构造地质背景资料,将乌本迪带的演化分为9个阶段,分别为新太古代阶段(2740～2640Ma)、新太古代-古元古代沉积阶段(2640～2050Ma)、古元古代乌萨加蓝阶段(2050～1930Ma)和乌本迪阶段(1930～1800Ma)、古-中元古代沉积阶段(1800～1400Ma)、中元古代的基博拉阶段(1400～1080Ma)、中-新元古代伊鲁米德阶段(1080～850Ma)以及新元古代-寒武纪早泛非作用伸展阶段(850～600Ma)和晚泛非作用阶段(600～500Ma),其中形成于乌萨加蓝阶段的弧后洋盆之后可能继续扩张,在乌本迪阶段又发生俯冲造山作用。乌本迪带内金矿田的形成与构造演化密切相关,早期阶段形成的"导矿"和"容矿"构造在后期演化中又不同程度的再活化,形成多期次的矿化作用。
The Ubendian belt is mainly located in the southwest of Tanzania and composed of eight blocks,and each has different tectonic characteristics,magmatic activity and metamorphic ages. It is not a product of a single tectonic-thermal event,instead resulted from different stages of subduction orogeny and sedimentation in the basin. In this paper,through comprehensive summarizing the geological events and tectonic settings in the Ubendian belt,we divide its evolution into nine stages,Neoarchaean stage( 2740 ～ 2640 Ma),Neoarchaean-Paleoproterozoic sedimentation stage( 2640 ～ 2050 Ma),Paleoproterozoic Usagaran stage( 2050 ～ 1930 Ma),Paleoproterozoic Ubendian stage( 1930 ～ 1800 Ma),Paleo-Mesoproterozoic sedimentation stage( 1800 ～1400 Ma),Mesoproterozoic Kibaran stage( 1400 ～ 1080 Ma),Mesoproterozoic Irumide stage( 1080 ～ 850 Ma),Neoproteozoic-Mesoproterozoic early Pan-African extension stage( 850 ～ 600 Ma) and late Pan-African stage( 600 ～ 500 Ma). The ocean basin formed in the back-arc environment of the Usagaran stage continued to expand and later subducted in the Ubendian stage. The formation of the goldfield in the Ubendian belt is closely related to the tectonic evolution. The ore-conducting and ore-hosting structures formed in the early stage were reactivated in the later evolution and formed multi-stage mineralization.
The Ubendian belt is mainly located in the southwest of Tanzania and composed of eight blocks,and each has different tectonic characteristics,magmatic activity and metamorphic ages. It is not a product of a single tectonic-thermal event,instead resulted from different stages of subduction orogeny and sedimentation in the basin. In this paper,through comprehensive summarizing the geological events and tectonic settings in the Ubendian belt,we divide its evolution into nine stages,Neoarchaean stage( 2740 ～ 2640 Ma),Neoarchaean-Paleoproterozoic sedimentation stage( 2640 ～ 2050 Ma),Paleoproterozoic Usagaran stage( 2050 ～ 1930 Ma),Paleoproterozoic Ubendian stage( 1930 ～ 1800 Ma),Paleo-Mesoproterozoic sedimentation stage( 1800 ～1400 Ma),Mesoproterozoic Kibaran stage( 1400 ～ 1080 Ma),Mesoproterozoic Irumide stage( 1080 ～ 850 Ma),Neoproteozoic-Mesoproterozoic early Pan-African extension stage( 850 ～ 600 Ma) and late Pan-African stage( 600 ～ 500 Ma). The ocean basin formed in the back-arc environment of the Usagaran stage continued to expand and later subducted in the Ubendian stage. The formation of the goldfield in the Ubendian belt is closely related to the tectonic evolution. The ore-conducting and ore-hosting structures formed in the early stage were reactivated in the later evolution and formed multi-stage mineralization.
引文
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Kazimoto E O,Schenk V,Berndt J.2014.Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic crust formation in the Ubendian belt of Tanzania:Insights from zircon geochronology and geochemistry[J].Precambrian Research,252:119-144.
Kazimoto E O,Schenk V,Appel P.2015.Granulite-facies metamorphic events in the northwestern Ubendian belt of Tanzania:Implications for the Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic crustal evolution[J].Precambrian Research,256:31-47.
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