蒸发岩中硫同位素的地球化学特征及其沉积学意义——以思茅盆地MZK-3井为例
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摘要
思茅盆地目前是中国唯一的含古代固体钾盐矿床的沉积盆地,其钾盐形成时代、物源特征、海侵方向等多年来一直存在争议。本文依据海相硬石膏的形成条件、存在形式、同位素分馏机理,重点分析了盆地内MZK-3井蒸发岩硫同位素的地球化学特征。结果表明:①岩盐中的硬石膏在蒸发盆地析岩盐阶段即可形成,单独成层的硬石膏是由原始沉积的石膏经历了沉积埋藏升温进而脱水而成;②岩盐中硬石膏的硫同位素值具有"双峰"特征,分别为14‰～16‰和8‰～10‰或6‰～8‰,这体现了硫酸盐的双重来源——原始海水中的硫酸盐和陆源淡水输入的硫酸盐或火山活动提供的硫源;③硬石膏层的硫同位素在区域上具有对比性,结合~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值的特征,认为其代表了海相的沉积环境;④硬石膏层的硫同位素值平面上由南向北降低,可能反映了在此方向陆源淡水或火山活动对蒸发岩盆地的影响逐渐增强,进而说明这可能也是海侵的方向。可见对硬石膏硫同位素的研究,不仅在沉积学上能揭示物源、沉积环境、海侵方向等信息,更能对研究区钾盐矿床勘查提供有益的参考。
The Simao basin is currently the sole sedimentary basin which hosts ancient solid potash deposit in China. But it forming time, provenance features and transgressive direction have long been controversial. Based on formation conditions, occurrence forms and isotope fractionation mechanism of marine anhydrite, this paper analyzed the sulfur isotope geochemical characteristics of evaporite in the well MZK-3 in detail. The results are as follows:(1) anhydrite in halite can be formed from the precipitation of salt in evaporite basins. Independent stratiform anhydrite can be formed from the dehydration of original deposited gypsum due to high temperature from deep burial.(2) The sulfur isotope of anhydrite in halite is characterized by "double peaks", with δ~(34)S values of 14‰～16‰ and 8‰～10‰ or 6‰～8‰, respectively. This may reflect the dual sources of sulphate: one from seawater and the other from fresh water or volcanic hydrothermal fluid.(3) δ~(34)S values of the stratiform anhydrite can be contrasted regionally. ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr values of the samples may represent a marine environment.(4) δ~(34)S values of the stratiform anhydrite decease from south to north, reflecting that relative influence of fresh water or hydrothermal fluid on evaporite basin correspondingly increases from south to north, and thus imply the transgression direction. Therefore, the study of anhydrite not only reveals source, sedimentary environment and trangressive direction, but also provides a useful reference for investigation of potash deposits in the study area.
The Simao basin is currently the sole sedimentary basin which hosts ancient solid potash deposit in China. But it forming time, provenance features and transgressive direction have long been controversial. Based on formation conditions, occurrence forms and isotope fractionation mechanism of marine anhydrite, this paper analyzed the sulfur isotope geochemical characteristics of evaporite in the well MZK-3 in detail. The results are as follows:(1) anhydrite in halite can be formed from the precipitation of salt in evaporite basins. Independent stratiform anhydrite can be formed from the dehydration of original deposited gypsum due to high temperature from deep burial.(2) The sulfur isotope of anhydrite in halite is characterized by "double peaks", with δ~(34)S values of 14‰～16‰ and 8‰～10‰ or 6‰～8‰, respectively. This may reflect the dual sources of sulphate: one from seawater and the other from fresh water or volcanic hydrothermal fluid.(3) δ~(34)S values of the stratiform anhydrite can be contrasted regionally. ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr values of the samples may represent a marine environment.(4) δ~(34)S values of the stratiform anhydrite decease from south to north, reflecting that relative influence of fresh water or hydrothermal fluid on evaporite basin correspondingly increases from south to north, and thus imply the transgression direction. Therefore, the study of anhydrite not only reveals source, sedimentary environment and trangressive direction, but also provides a useful reference for investigation of potash deposits in the study area.
引文
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