毫米波/太赫兹扩展互作用速调管放大器的应用及研究进展
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摘要
作者对毫米波与太赫兹频段的扩展互作用速调管放大器的应用需求和发展现状进行了详细的调研,介绍了该器件在空间探测、主动拒止、生物医学等研究领域的应用,说明了该器件在毫米波及太赫兹技术研究中的科学价值和良好的应用前景;同时,作者对该器件的发展趋势、主要技术难点和遇到的挑战进行了分析.
We have investigated the application demands and status of extended interaction klystrons( EIKs) at millimeterwave and terahertz band in detail. The applications of EIKs in the fields such as space detection, active denial system and biomedicine are presented in this paper, indicating the scientific value and good application value of EIKs in millimeterwave and terahertz technical domain. The latest development and trend, technical difficulties and challenges of EIKs are technically analyzed and summarized.
We have investigated the application demands and status of extended interaction klystrons( EIKs) at millimeterwave and terahertz band in detail. The applications of EIKs in the fields such as space detection, active denial system and biomedicine are presented in this paper, indicating the scientific value and good application value of EIKs in millimeterwave and terahertz technical domain. The latest development and trend, technical difficulties and challenges of EIKs are technically analyzed and summarized.
引文
[1] CHODOROW M,WESSEL-BERG T. A high-efficiency klystron w ith distributed interaction[J]. IRE Transactions on Electron Devices,1961,1(2):44-55.
[2]Albert ROITMAN,Dave BERRY,Brian STEER. State-ofthe-art W-band extended interaction klystron for the cloudsat program[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,2005,52(5):895-898.
[3]Anne MANNING. Happy 10th Birthday,Cloudsat:Celebrating an Impressively Long M ission[OL] http://cloudsat.atmos. colostate. edu/home,2016-04-27/2017-06-10.
[4]Ross MACHATTIE. mmW Products[R]. Productor Report of Communications&Pow er Industries LLC,2015.
[5] Alain LEFEBVRE,Arnaud HELIERE,Abelardo Pérez ALBIANA,et al. Earth CARE mission,overview,implementation approach development status[A]. Earth Observing M issions and Sensors:Development,Implementation,and Characterization III(Vol. 9881)[C]. New Delhi,India:SPIE,2016. DOI:10. 1117/12. 2223955.
[6]Marcello GAMBARARA,Alberto BATTISTI,Marco CANTAMESSA,et al. High power 94GHz amplifier for EarthCARE mission Doppler radar[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Rome,Italy:IEEE,2009.319-320.
[7]Noah SHACHTMAN. Pain Ray,Rejected by the Military,Ready to Blast L. A. Prisoners[OL]. https://w w w. w ired.com/2010/08/pain-ray-rejected-by-the-military-ready-toblast-l-a-prisoners/,2010-08-24/2017-06-10.
[8]Wired STAFF. Slideshow:Say Hello to the Goodbye Weapon[OL]. https://www. wired. com/2007/01/72134/,2007-05-01/2017-06-10.
[9]John ADAMS. New “Laser”Weapon Debuts in LA County Jail[OL]. https://www. nbclosangeles. com/news/local/New-Laser-Weapon-Debuts-in-LA-County-Jail-101230974.html,2010-08-23/2017-06-10.
[10]Thomas FKEMP,Hugh R W DANNATT,Nathan S BARROW,et al. Dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced NM R at 187GHz/284M Hz using an extended interaction klystron amplifier[J]. Journal of M agnetic Resonance,2016,265(1):77-82.
[11]STEER B,HOROYSKI P,ROITMAN A,et al. A 263GHz10 w att pulsed extended interaction klystron amplifier[A]. The 38th International Conference on Infrared,Millimeter,and Terahertz Waves(IRM M W-THz)[C].M ainz,Germany:IEEE,2013. DOI:10. 1109/IRM M WTHz. 2013. 6665706.
[12] Horoyski PETER,Roitman ALBERT,Dobbs RICHARD,et al. Compact sources of high RF pow er for DNP applications[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. M onterey,USA:IEEE,2014. 221-222.
[13] Brian STEER,Albert ROITMAN,Peter HOROYSKI,et al. Advantages of extended interaction klystron technology at millimeter and sub-millimeter frequencies[A]. The16th IEEE International Pulsed Pow er Conference[C].Albuquerque,USA:IEEE,2007. 1049-1053.
[14]PATRICK M A,HOLT J A,JOYE C D,DE-LUCIA F C.Range resolved mode mixing in a large volume for the mitigation of speckle and strategic target orientation requirements in active millimeter-w ave imaging[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America A,2015,32(4):637-646.
[15] BRIAN S,ALBERT R,PETER H,MARKH. Millimeterw ave extended interaction klystrons for high pow er ground,airborne and space radars[A]. The 41st European M icrow ave Conference[C]. M anchester,UK:IEEE,2011. 984-987.
[16] EIK-Pulsed Extended Interaction Klystron[OL]. http://w w w. cpii. com/product. cfm/4/40/158,2017-06-10.
[17] ALBRECHT J D,ROSKER M J,WALLACE H B,CHANG T. THz electronics projects at DARPA:Transistors,TM ICs,and amplifiers[A]. IEEE M TT-S International M icrow ave Symposium[C]. Anaheim,USA:IEEE,2010. 1118-1121.
[18]John PASOUR,Edward WRIGHT,Khanh T NGUYEN,et al. Demonstration of a multikilow att,solenoidally focused sheet beam amplifier at 94 GHz[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,2014,61(6):1630-1636.
[19]NGUYEN Khanh T,PERSHING Dean,WRIGHT Edward L,et al. Sheet-beam 90 GHz and 220 GHz extend-interaction-klystron designs[A]. The 8th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Kitakyushu,Japan:IEEE,2007. 193-194.
[20]Khanh TNGUYEN,John PASOUR,Edward L WRIGHT,et al. Design of a G-band sheet-beam extended-interaction klystron[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Rome,Italy:IEEE,2009. 298-299.
[21]John PASOUR,Khanh NGUYEN,Thomas ANTONSEN,et al. Solenoidal transport of low-voltage sheet beams for millimeter w ave amplifiers[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Rome,Italy:IEEE,2009.301-302.
[22] John PASOUR,Edward WRIGHT,Khanh NGUYEN,et al. Sheet beam extended interaction klystron(EIK)in W band[A]. IEEE 14th International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Paris,France:IEEE,2013. DOI:10.1109/IVEC. 2011. 5746888.
[23] John PASOUR,David ABE,Khanh NGUYEN,et al.M ulti-kW sheet beam amplifiers at Ka and W bands[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Monterey,USA:IEEE,2014. 19-20.
[24]Khanh NGUYEN,Edward WRIGHT,Vadim JABOTINSKI,et al. Design of terahertz extended interaction klystrons[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Monterey,USA:IEEE,2010. 327-328.
[25] David CHERNIN,Alex BURKE,Igor CHERNYAVSKIY,et al. Extended interaction klystrons for terahertz power amplifiers[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Monterey,USA:IEEE,2010. 217-218.
[26] Dobbs RICHARD,Roitman ALBERT,Horoyski PETER,et al. Design and fabrication of terahertz extended interaction klystrons[A]. The 35th International Conference on Infrared,M illimeter,and Terahertz Waves[C]. Rome,Italy:IEEE,2010. DOI:10. 1109/PLASM A. 2010. 5533941.
[27] RICHARD Dobbs,ALBERT Roitman,PETER Horoyski,et al. Fabrication techniques for a THz EIK[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. M onterey,USA:IEEE,2010. 181-182.
[28]DING Zhao,XI Lu,YUAN Liang,et al. Researches on an X-band sheet beam klystron[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,2014,61(1):151-158.
[29]陈姝媛,等. W波段带状注扩展互作用速调管注波互作用系统[J].红外与毫米波学报,2015,34(2):230-235.CHEN Shu-yuan et al. Interaction system of W-band sheet beam EIK[J]. Journal of Infrared and M illimeter Waves,2015,34(2):230-235.(in Chinese)
[30]阮存军,等. W波段带状注速调管电子光学及注波互作用系统[J].红外与毫米波学报,2012,31(6):510-516.RUAN Cun-jun,et al. The electron optics system and beam-w ave interaction for novel W-band sheet klystron[J]. Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves,2012,31(6):510-516.(in Chinese)
[31]ZENG Zaojin,ZHOU Lin,LI Wenjun,et al. Design and optimization of a W-band extended interaction klystron amplifier[A]. The 16th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Beijing,China:IEEE,2015. DOI:10. 1109/IVEC. 2015. 7224048.
[32]ZHANG Changqing,RUAN Cunjun,WANG Shuzhong,et al. The circuit design and particle-in-cell simulation for W-band high-pow er extended interaction klystron[A].IEEE 14th International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Paris,France:IEEE,2013. 19-20.
[33]LI Shi-feng,DUAN Zhao-yun,WANG Fei,et al. Simulation study of a W-band broadband extended interaction klystron[A]. The 17th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. M onterey,USA:IEEE,2016.DOI:10. 1109/IVEC. 2016. 7561950.
[34]LI Ren-jie,RUAN Cun-jun. Study of a rectangular beam extended interaction klystron in G-band[A]. The 18th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C].London, UK:IEEE, 2017. DOI:10. 1109/IVEC.2017. 8289593.
[35]张开春.太赫兹扩展互作用振荡器的矩形耦合腔特性研究[J].电子学报,2011,39(3):632-635.ZHANG Kai-chun. Study of characteristic of rectangular coupled-cavity slow-w ave structure for extended interaction oscillator[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica,2011,39(3):632-635.(in Chinese)
[36]吴振华.折叠波导结构的THz振荡辐射源研究[J].电子学报,2009,37(12):2677-2688.WU Zhen-Hua. Reseach of THz folded w aveguide oscillator in terahertz band radiation source[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica,2009,37(12):2677-2688.(in Chinese)
[37]LIU Wenxin,ZHAO Chao,LI Ke,et al. Two-section folded-w aveguide slow-w ave structure for terahertz extended interaction oscillation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,2014,61(3):902-908.
[38] Vemula BhanuNAIDU,Subrata Kumar DATTA,Lalit KUM AR. Tw o cavity W-band sheet beam extended interaction klystron simulation[A]. IEEE 14th International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Paris,France:IEEE,2013. DOI:10. 1109/IVEC. 2013. 6571133.
[39] Vemula BhanuNAIDU,Subrata Kumar DATTA,Lalit KUM AR. Design study of multi-gap cavity and particle simulation of a sub-millimeter frequency EIK[A]. IEEE16th International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C].Beijing,China:IEEE,2015. S6. 6.
[40] Jacob CSTEPHENS,Guy ROSENZWEIG,Michael A SHAPIRO,et al. Design of a 94GHz photonic bandgap based extended interaction klystron amplifier[A]. The18th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. London,UK:IEEE,2017. DOI:10. 1109/IVEC.2017. 8289729.
[41]YIN Yong,WANG Bin,ZHANG Tianzhong,et al. Design and analysis of a multiple-beam extended interaction oscillator w ith coaxial structure[A]. The 18th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. London,UK:IEEE,2017. DOI:10. 1109/IVEC. 2017. 8289735.
[42]ZHAO Jinfeng,Diana GAMZINA,LI Na,et al. Scandate dispenser cathode fabrication for a high-aspect-ratio highcurrent-density sheet beam electron gun[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,2012,59(6):1792-1798.
[43]CUSICK M,ATKINSON J,BALKCUM A,et al. X-band sheet beam klystron(XSBK)[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Rome,Italy:IEEE,2009. 296-297.
[44] SHIN Young-Min,WANG Jian-Xun,Larry R BARNETT,et al. Particle-in-cell simulation analysis of a multicavity W-band sheet beam klystron[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,2011,58(1):251-258.
[45]Colin DJOYE,Alan M COOK,Jeffrey P CALAME,et al.Demonstration of a high pow er,w ideband 220GHz traveling w ave amplifier fabricated by UV-LIGA[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,2014,61(6):1672-1678.
[46] JOYE Colin D,COOK Alan M,CALAME Jeffrey P,et al. M icrofabricated 233GHz traveling w ave amplifier[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Monterey,USA:IEEE,2016. DOI:10. 1109/IVEC.2016. 7561804.
[47]TUCEK Jack C,BASTEN Mark A,GALLAGHER David A,et al. Operation of a compact 1. 03THz pow er amplifier[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Monterey,USA:IEEE,2016. DOI:10. 1109/IVEC.2016. 7561772.
[48]LUHMANN N C. Advances in microfabricated millimeter w ave and THz vacuum electronic devices and their applications[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Beijing,China:IEEE,2015. DOI:10. 1109/ICIM W. 2010. 5612980.
[49]BASTEN M A,TUCEK J C,GALLAGHER D A,et al.233 GHz high pow er amplifier development at northrop grumman[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. M onterey,USA:IEEE,2016. DOI:10.1109/IVEC. 2016. 7561775.
[50]Jack C TUCEK,Mark A BASTEN,David A GALLAGHER,et al. Operation of a compact 1. 03THz pow er amplifier[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. M onterey,USA:IEEE,2016. DOI:10. 1109/IVEC. 2016. 7561772.
[2]Albert ROITMAN,Dave BERRY,Brian STEER. State-ofthe-art W-band extended interaction klystron for the cloudsat program[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,2005,52(5):895-898.
[3]Anne MANNING. Happy 10th Birthday,Cloudsat:Celebrating an Impressively Long M ission[OL] http://cloudsat.atmos. colostate. edu/home,2016-04-27/2017-06-10.
[4]Ross MACHATTIE. mmW Products[R]. Productor Report of Communications&Pow er Industries LLC,2015.
[5] Alain LEFEBVRE,Arnaud HELIERE,Abelardo Pérez ALBIANA,et al. Earth CARE mission,overview,implementation approach development status[A]. Earth Observing M issions and Sensors:Development,Implementation,and Characterization III(Vol. 9881)[C]. New Delhi,India:SPIE,2016. DOI:10. 1117/12. 2223955.
[6]Marcello GAMBARARA,Alberto BATTISTI,Marco CANTAMESSA,et al. High power 94GHz amplifier for EarthCARE mission Doppler radar[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Rome,Italy:IEEE,2009.319-320.
[7]Noah SHACHTMAN. Pain Ray,Rejected by the Military,Ready to Blast L. A. Prisoners[OL]. https://w w w. w ired.com/2010/08/pain-ray-rejected-by-the-military-ready-toblast-l-a-prisoners/,2010-08-24/2017-06-10.
[8]Wired STAFF. Slideshow:Say Hello to the Goodbye Weapon[OL]. https://www. wired. com/2007/01/72134/,2007-05-01/2017-06-10.
[9]John ADAMS. New “Laser”Weapon Debuts in LA County Jail[OL]. https://www. nbclosangeles. com/news/local/New-Laser-Weapon-Debuts-in-LA-County-Jail-101230974.html,2010-08-23/2017-06-10.
[10]Thomas FKEMP,Hugh R W DANNATT,Nathan S BARROW,et al. Dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced NM R at 187GHz/284M Hz using an extended interaction klystron amplifier[J]. Journal of M agnetic Resonance,2016,265(1):77-82.
[11]STEER B,HOROYSKI P,ROITMAN A,et al. A 263GHz10 w att pulsed extended interaction klystron amplifier[A]. The 38th International Conference on Infrared,Millimeter,and Terahertz Waves(IRM M W-THz)[C].M ainz,Germany:IEEE,2013. DOI:10. 1109/IRM M WTHz. 2013. 6665706.
[12] Horoyski PETER,Roitman ALBERT,Dobbs RICHARD,et al. Compact sources of high RF pow er for DNP applications[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. M onterey,USA:IEEE,2014. 221-222.
[13] Brian STEER,Albert ROITMAN,Peter HOROYSKI,et al. Advantages of extended interaction klystron technology at millimeter and sub-millimeter frequencies[A]. The16th IEEE International Pulsed Pow er Conference[C].Albuquerque,USA:IEEE,2007. 1049-1053.
[14]PATRICK M A,HOLT J A,JOYE C D,DE-LUCIA F C.Range resolved mode mixing in a large volume for the mitigation of speckle and strategic target orientation requirements in active millimeter-w ave imaging[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America A,2015,32(4):637-646.
[15] BRIAN S,ALBERT R,PETER H,MARKH. Millimeterw ave extended interaction klystrons for high pow er ground,airborne and space radars[A]. The 41st European M icrow ave Conference[C]. M anchester,UK:IEEE,2011. 984-987.
[16] EIK-Pulsed Extended Interaction Klystron[OL]. http://w w w. cpii. com/product. cfm/4/40/158,2017-06-10.
[17] ALBRECHT J D,ROSKER M J,WALLACE H B,CHANG T. THz electronics projects at DARPA:Transistors,TM ICs,and amplifiers[A]. IEEE M TT-S International M icrow ave Symposium[C]. Anaheim,USA:IEEE,2010. 1118-1121.
[18]John PASOUR,Edward WRIGHT,Khanh T NGUYEN,et al. Demonstration of a multikilow att,solenoidally focused sheet beam amplifier at 94 GHz[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,2014,61(6):1630-1636.
[19]NGUYEN Khanh T,PERSHING Dean,WRIGHT Edward L,et al. Sheet-beam 90 GHz and 220 GHz extend-interaction-klystron designs[A]. The 8th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Kitakyushu,Japan:IEEE,2007. 193-194.
[20]Khanh TNGUYEN,John PASOUR,Edward L WRIGHT,et al. Design of a G-band sheet-beam extended-interaction klystron[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Rome,Italy:IEEE,2009. 298-299.
[21]John PASOUR,Khanh NGUYEN,Thomas ANTONSEN,et al. Solenoidal transport of low-voltage sheet beams for millimeter w ave amplifiers[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Rome,Italy:IEEE,2009.301-302.
[22] John PASOUR,Edward WRIGHT,Khanh NGUYEN,et al. Sheet beam extended interaction klystron(EIK)in W band[A]. IEEE 14th International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Paris,France:IEEE,2013. DOI:10.1109/IVEC. 2011. 5746888.
[23] John PASOUR,David ABE,Khanh NGUYEN,et al.M ulti-kW sheet beam amplifiers at Ka and W bands[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Monterey,USA:IEEE,2014. 19-20.
[24]Khanh NGUYEN,Edward WRIGHT,Vadim JABOTINSKI,et al. Design of terahertz extended interaction klystrons[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Monterey,USA:IEEE,2010. 327-328.
[25] David CHERNIN,Alex BURKE,Igor CHERNYAVSKIY,et al. Extended interaction klystrons for terahertz power amplifiers[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Monterey,USA:IEEE,2010. 217-218.
[26] Dobbs RICHARD,Roitman ALBERT,Horoyski PETER,et al. Design and fabrication of terahertz extended interaction klystrons[A]. The 35th International Conference on Infrared,M illimeter,and Terahertz Waves[C]. Rome,Italy:IEEE,2010. DOI:10. 1109/PLASM A. 2010. 5533941.
[27] RICHARD Dobbs,ALBERT Roitman,PETER Horoyski,et al. Fabrication techniques for a THz EIK[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. M onterey,USA:IEEE,2010. 181-182.
[28]DING Zhao,XI Lu,YUAN Liang,et al. Researches on an X-band sheet beam klystron[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,2014,61(1):151-158.
[29]陈姝媛,等. W波段带状注扩展互作用速调管注波互作用系统[J].红外与毫米波学报,2015,34(2):230-235.CHEN Shu-yuan et al. Interaction system of W-band sheet beam EIK[J]. Journal of Infrared and M illimeter Waves,2015,34(2):230-235.(in Chinese)
[30]阮存军,等. W波段带状注速调管电子光学及注波互作用系统[J].红外与毫米波学报,2012,31(6):510-516.RUAN Cun-jun,et al. The electron optics system and beam-w ave interaction for novel W-band sheet klystron[J]. Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves,2012,31(6):510-516.(in Chinese)
[31]ZENG Zaojin,ZHOU Lin,LI Wenjun,et al. Design and optimization of a W-band extended interaction klystron amplifier[A]. The 16th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Beijing,China:IEEE,2015. DOI:10. 1109/IVEC. 2015. 7224048.
[32]ZHANG Changqing,RUAN Cunjun,WANG Shuzhong,et al. The circuit design and particle-in-cell simulation for W-band high-pow er extended interaction klystron[A].IEEE 14th International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Paris,France:IEEE,2013. 19-20.
[33]LI Shi-feng,DUAN Zhao-yun,WANG Fei,et al. Simulation study of a W-band broadband extended interaction klystron[A]. The 17th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. M onterey,USA:IEEE,2016.DOI:10. 1109/IVEC. 2016. 7561950.
[34]LI Ren-jie,RUAN Cun-jun. Study of a rectangular beam extended interaction klystron in G-band[A]. The 18th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C].London, UK:IEEE, 2017. DOI:10. 1109/IVEC.2017. 8289593.
[35]张开春.太赫兹扩展互作用振荡器的矩形耦合腔特性研究[J].电子学报,2011,39(3):632-635.ZHANG Kai-chun. Study of characteristic of rectangular coupled-cavity slow-w ave structure for extended interaction oscillator[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica,2011,39(3):632-635.(in Chinese)
[36]吴振华.折叠波导结构的THz振荡辐射源研究[J].电子学报,2009,37(12):2677-2688.WU Zhen-Hua. Reseach of THz folded w aveguide oscillator in terahertz band radiation source[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica,2009,37(12):2677-2688.(in Chinese)
[37]LIU Wenxin,ZHAO Chao,LI Ke,et al. Two-section folded-w aveguide slow-w ave structure for terahertz extended interaction oscillation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,2014,61(3):902-908.
[38] Vemula BhanuNAIDU,Subrata Kumar DATTA,Lalit KUM AR. Tw o cavity W-band sheet beam extended interaction klystron simulation[A]. IEEE 14th International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Paris,France:IEEE,2013. DOI:10. 1109/IVEC. 2013. 6571133.
[39] Vemula BhanuNAIDU,Subrata Kumar DATTA,Lalit KUM AR. Design study of multi-gap cavity and particle simulation of a sub-millimeter frequency EIK[A]. IEEE16th International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C].Beijing,China:IEEE,2015. S6. 6.
[40] Jacob CSTEPHENS,Guy ROSENZWEIG,Michael A SHAPIRO,et al. Design of a 94GHz photonic bandgap based extended interaction klystron amplifier[A]. The18th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. London,UK:IEEE,2017. DOI:10. 1109/IVEC.2017. 8289729.
[41]YIN Yong,WANG Bin,ZHANG Tianzhong,et al. Design and analysis of a multiple-beam extended interaction oscillator w ith coaxial structure[A]. The 18th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. London,UK:IEEE,2017. DOI:10. 1109/IVEC. 2017. 8289735.
[42]ZHAO Jinfeng,Diana GAMZINA,LI Na,et al. Scandate dispenser cathode fabrication for a high-aspect-ratio highcurrent-density sheet beam electron gun[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,2012,59(6):1792-1798.
[43]CUSICK M,ATKINSON J,BALKCUM A,et al. X-band sheet beam klystron(XSBK)[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Rome,Italy:IEEE,2009. 296-297.
[44] SHIN Young-Min,WANG Jian-Xun,Larry R BARNETT,et al. Particle-in-cell simulation analysis of a multicavity W-band sheet beam klystron[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,2011,58(1):251-258.
[45]Colin DJOYE,Alan M COOK,Jeffrey P CALAME,et al.Demonstration of a high pow er,w ideband 220GHz traveling w ave amplifier fabricated by UV-LIGA[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,2014,61(6):1672-1678.
[46] JOYE Colin D,COOK Alan M,CALAME Jeffrey P,et al. M icrofabricated 233GHz traveling w ave amplifier[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Monterey,USA:IEEE,2016. DOI:10. 1109/IVEC.2016. 7561804.
[47]TUCEK Jack C,BASTEN Mark A,GALLAGHER David A,et al. Operation of a compact 1. 03THz pow er amplifier[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Monterey,USA:IEEE,2016. DOI:10. 1109/IVEC.2016. 7561772.
[48]LUHMANN N C. Advances in microfabricated millimeter w ave and THz vacuum electronic devices and their applications[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. Beijing,China:IEEE,2015. DOI:10. 1109/ICIM W. 2010. 5612980.
[49]BASTEN M A,TUCEK J C,GALLAGHER D A,et al.233 GHz high pow er amplifier development at northrop grumman[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. M onterey,USA:IEEE,2016. DOI:10.1109/IVEC. 2016. 7561775.
[50]Jack C TUCEK,Mark A BASTEN,David A GALLAGHER,et al. Operation of a compact 1. 03THz pow er amplifier[A]. IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C]. M onterey,USA:IEEE,2016. DOI:10. 1109/IVEC. 2016. 7561772.