Investigation of factors influencing roof stability at a Western U.S.longwall coal mine
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摘要
The coal mine roof rating(CMRR) was developed to bridge the gap between geological variation in underground coal mines and engineering design. The CMRR accounts for the compressive strength of the immediate roof, the shear strength and intensity of any discontinuities present, and the moisture sensitivity of the immediate roof. The CMRR has been widely used and validated in Eastern US coal mines, but it has seen limited application in the Western US. This study focuses on roof behavior at a Western coal mine(Mine A). Mine A shows significant lateral geological variation, along with localized faulting and a laterally extensive sandstone channel network. The CMRR is not used to predict roof instability at the mine. It is, therefore, hypothesized that there are other factors that are correlated with roof instability in underground coal mines that could potentially also be considered in conjunction with the CMRR.This hypothesis was tested by collecting 30 CMRR measurements at Mine A. At each measurement location, a binary record of the roof condition(stable or unstable) was made, and other parameters such as depth of cover, presence of faulting, and sandstone channels were also recorded. ANOVA tests showed that the CMRR values and the roof conditions were not strongly correlated, indicating that the CMRR input criteria are not fully predictive of roof stability at this mine. The CMRR values showed statistically significant correlations(p less than 0.05) with faulting as well as with location at an intersection. For areas that had previously experienced roof fall but were currently stable, faulting was correlated with roof condition(p less than 0.05) only when the condition was classified as unstable.
The coal mine roof rating(CMRR) was developed to bridge the gap between geological variation in underground coal mines and engineering design. The CMRR accounts for the compressive strength of the immediate roof, the shear strength and intensity of any discontinuities present, and the moisture sensitivity of the immediate roof. The CMRR has been widely used and validated in Eastern US coal mines, but it has seen limited application in the Western US. This study focuses on roof behavior at a Western coal mine(Mine A). Mine A shows significant lateral geological variation, along with localized faulting and a laterally extensive sandstone channel network. The CMRR is not used to predict roof instability at the mine. It is, therefore, hypothesized that there are other factors that are correlated with roof instability in underground coal mines that could potentially also be considered in conjunction with the CMRR.This hypothesis was tested by collecting 30 CMRR measurements at Mine A. At each measurement location, a binary record of the roof condition(stable or unstable) was made, and other parameters such as depth of cover, presence of faulting, and sandstone channels were also recorded. ANOVA tests showed that the CMRR values and the roof conditions were not strongly correlated, indicating that the CMRR input criteria are not fully predictive of roof stability at this mine. The CMRR values showed statistically significant correlations(p less than 0.05) with faulting as well as with location at an intersection. For areas that had previously experienced roof fall but were currently stable, faulting was correlated with roof condition(p less than 0.05) only when the condition was classified as unstable.
The coal mine roof rating(CMRR) was developed to bridge the gap between geological variation in underground coal mines and engineering design. The CMRR accounts for the compressive strength of the immediate roof, the shear strength and intensity of any discontinuities present, and the moisture sensitivity of the immediate roof. The CMRR has been widely used and validated in Eastern US coal mines, but it has seen limited application in the Western US. This study focuses on roof behavior at a Western coal mine(Mine A). Mine A shows significant lateral geological variation, along with localized faulting and a laterally extensive sandstone channel network. The CMRR is not used to predict roof instability at the mine. It is, therefore, hypothesized that there are other factors that are correlated with roof instability in underground coal mines that could potentially also be considered in conjunction with the CMRR.This hypothesis was tested by collecting 30 CMRR measurements at Mine A. At each measurement location, a binary record of the roof condition(stable or unstable) was made, and other parameters such as depth of cover, presence of faulting, and sandstone channels were also recorded. ANOVA tests showed that the CMRR values and the roof conditions were not strongly correlated, indicating that the CMRR input criteria are not fully predictive of roof stability at this mine. The CMRR values showed statistically significant correlations(p less than 0.05) with faulting as well as with location at an intersection. For areas that had previously experienced roof fall but were currently stable, faulting was correlated with roof condition(p less than 0.05) only when the condition was classified as unstable.
引文
[1]Barczak TM,Dolinar DR,Mark C,Signer SP,Tuchman RJ,Wopat PF.Proceedings:New Technology for Coal Mine Roof Support.Information Circular 9453.U.S.Department of Health and Human Services:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health;2000.p.274.
[2]Mining MSHA.Industry Accident,Injuries,Employment and Production Statistics and Reports.U.S.Department of Labor Mine Safety and Health Administration;2018.
[3]Peng SS.Topical areas of research needs in ground control-a state of the art review on coal mine ground control.Int J Min Sci Technol 2015;25(1):1-6.
[4]Molinda GM,Mark C.Coal Mine Roof rating(CMRR):A Practical Rock Mass Classification for Coal Mines.Vol.9387 of Information Circular.U.S.Department of Interior,Bureau of Mines;1994.p.83.
[5]Calleja J.Rapid Rating using coal mine roof rating to provide rapid mine roof characterization from exploration drilling.Proceedings of the Coal Operators’Conference.Wollongong,Australia.University of Wollongong;2006.
[6]Hill D.Practical experiences with application of the coal mine roof rating(CMRR)in Australian coal mines.In:International Workshop on Rock Mass Classification in Underground Mining.U.S.Department of Health and Human Services:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health;2007.p.65-72.
[7]Freeman JV,Campbell MJ.The Analysis of Categorical Data:Fisher’s Exact Test.Scope;2007.p.16.
[2]Mining MSHA.Industry Accident,Injuries,Employment and Production Statistics and Reports.U.S.Department of Labor Mine Safety and Health Administration;2018.
[3]Peng SS.Topical areas of research needs in ground control-a state of the art review on coal mine ground control.Int J Min Sci Technol 2015;25(1):1-6.
[4]Molinda GM,Mark C.Coal Mine Roof rating(CMRR):A Practical Rock Mass Classification for Coal Mines.Vol.9387 of Information Circular.U.S.Department of Interior,Bureau of Mines;1994.p.83.
[5]Calleja J.Rapid Rating using coal mine roof rating to provide rapid mine roof characterization from exploration drilling.Proceedings of the Coal Operators’Conference.Wollongong,Australia.University of Wollongong;2006.
[6]Hill D.Practical experiences with application of the coal mine roof rating(CMRR)in Australian coal mines.In:International Workshop on Rock Mass Classification in Underground Mining.U.S.Department of Health and Human Services:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health;2007.p.65-72.
[7]Freeman JV,Campbell MJ.The Analysis of Categorical Data:Fisher’s Exact Test.Scope;2007.p.16.