Process mineralogy of Weishan rare earth ore by MLA
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摘要
Mineral liberation analyser(MLA) was applied to quantitatively analyze the rare earth ore from Weishan in Shandong. Mineralogy parameters, such as mineral composition, occurrence states of rare earth elements(REEs) and valuable elements, mineral embedded grain size distribution, mineral association and liberation, are obtained. Results show that the contents of REEs and other valuable elements mainly contained in the ore were La 1.02 wt%, Ce 4.29 wt%, Pr 0.34 wt%, Nd 0.84 wt%, Sr 3.4 wt%and Ba 26.53 wt%, respectively. The REEs mainly occur in bastnaesite and carbocernaite in the form of independent mineral and the contents of bastnaesite and carbocernaite in the ore were 5.96 wt% and12.30 wt%, respectively. 67.34% of strontium occurs in carbocernaite and the rest occurs in celestobarite and strontianite mineral. 92.71% of barium occurs in barite. Liberation of main rare-earth minerals such as bastnaesite and carbocernaite is more than 80% when the grinding fineness is78.42% passing 74 μm. The research results could be employed to provide detailed basic theoretical data for further improvement of the beneficiation process flow and the processing index of rare earth ore, the recycling of other valuable minerals and the comprehensive utilization of tailings.
Mineral liberation analyser(MLA) was applied to quantitatively analyze the rare earth ore from Weishan in Shandong. Mineralogy parameters, such as mineral composition, occurrence states of rare earth elements(REEs) and valuable elements, mineral embedded grain size distribution, mineral association and liberation, are obtained. Results show that the contents of REEs and other valuable elements mainly contained in the ore were La 1.02 wt%, Ce 4.29 wt%, Pr 0.34 wt%, Nd 0.84 wt%, Sr 3.4 wt%and Ba 26.53 wt%, respectively. The REEs mainly occur in bastnaesite and carbocernaite in the form of independent mineral and the contents of bastnaesite and carbocernaite in the ore were 5.96 wt% and12.30 wt%, respectively. 67.34% of strontium occurs in carbocernaite and the rest occurs in celestobarite and strontianite mineral. 92.71% of barium occurs in barite. Liberation of main rare-earth minerals such as bastnaesite and carbocernaite is more than 80% when the grinding fineness is78.42% passing 74 μm. The research results could be employed to provide detailed basic theoretical data for further improvement of the beneficiation process flow and the processing index of rare earth ore, the recycling of other valuable minerals and the comprehensive utilization of tailings.
Mineral liberation analyser(MLA) was applied to quantitatively analyze the rare earth ore from Weishan in Shandong. Mineralogy parameters, such as mineral composition, occurrence states of rare earth elements(REEs) and valuable elements, mineral embedded grain size distribution, mineral association and liberation, are obtained. Results show that the contents of REEs and other valuable elements mainly contained in the ore were La 1.02 wt%, Ce 4.29 wt%, Pr 0.34 wt%, Nd 0.84 wt%, Sr 3.4 wt%and Ba 26.53 wt%, respectively. The REEs mainly occur in bastnaesite and carbocernaite in the form of independent mineral and the contents of bastnaesite and carbocernaite in the ore were 5.96 wt% and12.30 wt%, respectively. 67.34% of strontium occurs in carbocernaite and the rest occurs in celestobarite and strontianite mineral. 92.71% of barium occurs in barite. Liberation of main rare-earth minerals such as bastnaesite and carbocernaite is more than 80% when the grinding fineness is78.42% passing 74 μm. The research results could be employed to provide detailed basic theoretical data for further improvement of the beneficiation process flow and the processing index of rare earth ore, the recycling of other valuable minerals and the comprehensive utilization of tailings.
引文
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2.Xin L Xu Guangxian:Father of Chinese rare earths chemistry. Bull Chin Acad Sci.2009;23(2):98.
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6.Zhang ZY, Sun NJ, He ZY, Chi RA. Local concentration of middle and heavy rare earth elements on weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores. J Rare Earths. 2018;36(5):552.
7.Zhang ZY, He ZY, Yu JX, Xu ZG, Chi RA. Novel solution injection technology for in-situ leaching of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores. Hydrometallurgy. 2016;164:248.
8.Zhang XD. Research on Chinese rare earth products supply problem under the background of globalization. Beijing:Central University of Finance and Economics; 2015(in Chin.).
9.Cox C, Kynicky J. The rapid evolution of speculative investment in the REE market before, during, and after the rare earth crisis of 2010-2012. Extr Ind Soc.2018;5(1):8.
10.Kynicky J, Smith MP, Cheng X. Diversity of rare earth deposits:the key example of China. Elements. 2012;8(5):361.
11.Xu C, Kynicky J, Chakhmouradian AR, Li XH, Song WL A case example of the importance of multi-analytical approach in deciphering carbonatite petrogenesis in South Qinling orogen:Miaoya rare-metal deposit, central China.Lithos. 2015;227:107.
12.Chi RA, Wang DZ. Rare earth mineral processing. Beijing:Science Press; 2014(in Chin.).
13.Feng M, Cheng X, Kynicky J, Zeng L, Song WL. Rare earth element enrichment in palaeoproterozoic Fengzhen carbonatite from the North China block. Int Geol Rev. 2016;58(15):1940.
14.Zhang JS, Jian BX. An investigation of rare earth ore flotation using a-styrylphosphonic acid. Min Metall Eng. 1981;02:26(in Chin.).
15.Lan YC, Xu XF, Huang FL, Zhao QH. Study on flotation of high-purity fluoride carbonate rare earth concentrate with phthalic acid from Shandong Weishan mine. Chin Rare Earths. 1983;4:27(in Chin.).
16.Feng J, Lyu DW. Benification experiment on primary minerals of Weishan rare earth mine. Chin Rare Earths. 1999;3:7(in Chin.).
17.Zeng XL, Li FJ. Benefication technology for Wei Shan rare earth mine. Vol. 2. J Shanghai Second Polytechnic University; 1991:46(in Chin.).
18.Huang FL. Research on the beneficiation of rare earth barite by comprehensive recovery in Weishan Mine. Shandong Province Multipurpose Util Miner Res.1987;1:20(in Chin.).
19.Ying G. Automated scanning electron microscope based mineral liberation analysis.J Miner Mater Char Eng. 2003;2(1):33.
20.Fandrich R, Gu Y, Burrows D, Moeller K. Modern SEM-based mineral liberation analysis. Int J Miner Process. 2007;84(1-4):310.
21.Zhong CB, Xu CL, Lyu RL, Zhang ZY, Wu XY, Chi RA. Enhancing mineral liberation of a Canadian rare earth ore with microwave pretreatment. J Rare Earths.2018;36(2):215.
22.Liu Y. Chemical and mineralogical study on bastnaesite dominated rare earth ores. Chem Eng Trans. 2017;59:973.
2.Xin L Xu Guangxian:Father of Chinese rare earths chemistry. Bull Chin Acad Sci.2009;23(2):98.
3.Chakhmouradian AR, Smith MP, Kynicky J. From"strategic"tungsten to"green"neodymium:a century of critical metals at a glance. Ore Geol Rev. 2014;64(1):455.
4.Weng ZH, Jowitt SM, Mudd GM, Haque NA. A detailed assessment of global rare earth element resources:opportunities and challenges. Econ Geol. 2015;110(8):1925.
5.Massari S, Ruberti M. Rare earth elements as critical raw materials:focus on international markets and future strategies. Resour Pol. 2012;38(1):36.
6.Zhang ZY, Sun NJ, He ZY, Chi RA. Local concentration of middle and heavy rare earth elements on weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores. J Rare Earths. 2018;36(5):552.
7.Zhang ZY, He ZY, Yu JX, Xu ZG, Chi RA. Novel solution injection technology for in-situ leaching of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores. Hydrometallurgy. 2016;164:248.
8.Zhang XD. Research on Chinese rare earth products supply problem under the background of globalization. Beijing:Central University of Finance and Economics; 2015(in Chin.).
9.Cox C, Kynicky J. The rapid evolution of speculative investment in the REE market before, during, and after the rare earth crisis of 2010-2012. Extr Ind Soc.2018;5(1):8.
10.Kynicky J, Smith MP, Cheng X. Diversity of rare earth deposits:the key example of China. Elements. 2012;8(5):361.
11.Xu C, Kynicky J, Chakhmouradian AR, Li XH, Song WL A case example of the importance of multi-analytical approach in deciphering carbonatite petrogenesis in South Qinling orogen:Miaoya rare-metal deposit, central China.Lithos. 2015;227:107.
12.Chi RA, Wang DZ. Rare earth mineral processing. Beijing:Science Press; 2014(in Chin.).
13.Feng M, Cheng X, Kynicky J, Zeng L, Song WL. Rare earth element enrichment in palaeoproterozoic Fengzhen carbonatite from the North China block. Int Geol Rev. 2016;58(15):1940.
14.Zhang JS, Jian BX. An investigation of rare earth ore flotation using a-styrylphosphonic acid. Min Metall Eng. 1981;02:26(in Chin.).
15.Lan YC, Xu XF, Huang FL, Zhao QH. Study on flotation of high-purity fluoride carbonate rare earth concentrate with phthalic acid from Shandong Weishan mine. Chin Rare Earths. 1983;4:27(in Chin.).
16.Feng J, Lyu DW. Benification experiment on primary minerals of Weishan rare earth mine. Chin Rare Earths. 1999;3:7(in Chin.).
17.Zeng XL, Li FJ. Benefication technology for Wei Shan rare earth mine. Vol. 2. J Shanghai Second Polytechnic University; 1991:46(in Chin.).
18.Huang FL. Research on the beneficiation of rare earth barite by comprehensive recovery in Weishan Mine. Shandong Province Multipurpose Util Miner Res.1987;1:20(in Chin.).
19.Ying G. Automated scanning electron microscope based mineral liberation analysis.J Miner Mater Char Eng. 2003;2(1):33.
20.Fandrich R, Gu Y, Burrows D, Moeller K. Modern SEM-based mineral liberation analysis. Int J Miner Process. 2007;84(1-4):310.
21.Zhong CB, Xu CL, Lyu RL, Zhang ZY, Wu XY, Chi RA. Enhancing mineral liberation of a Canadian rare earth ore with microwave pretreatment. J Rare Earths.2018;36(2):215.
22.Liu Y. Chemical and mineralogical study on bastnaesite dominated rare earth ores. Chem Eng Trans. 2017;59:973.