东海外海海域生物体内总汞蓄积差异性研究
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摘要
为了解东海外海海域不同种类生物体内总汞的蓄积差异性,使用直接测汞仪测定在东海外海海域捕捞的不同种类生物可食组织中的总汞含量,从不同生物的食性、食物链层级、栖息水层等方面对其总汞含量差异性进行了初步比较分析。研究发现,东海外海海域22个品种共计104个样本中,总汞含量范围在0-0.557mg?kg~(-1)之间,平均值为0.103mg?kg~(-1),均低于GB 2762—2017标准限量值。不同食性生物体内的汞含量的差异关系为:底栖动物食性鱼类(0.153 mg?kg~(-1))>浮游生物食性鱼类(0.093 mg?kg~(-1))>鱼食性鱼类(0.084 mg?kg~(-1));汞可通过海洋食物链产生生物放大作用,处于食物链上层营养级的物种通过捕食行为使汞在食物链传递过程中产生一定的富集和放大效应;不同栖息水层的生物体总汞含量均值分布趋势为:泥沙底层(0.122 mg?kg~(-1))>底层(0.067 mg?kg~(-1))>中下层(0.060 mg?kg~(-1))>中上层(0.041 mg?kg~(-1)),说明鱼体内的汞含量与其栖息水层密切相关,尤其是生活在泥沙底层或底层和中下层的生物体内的汞含量高于生活在中上层的生物,如短鳍红娘鱼(Lepidotrigla microptera,0.178 mg?kg~(-1))汞含量平均值高于竹荚鱼(Trachurus japonicus,0.042 mg?kg~(-1))。结果表明,东海外海海域生物体内总汞蓄积含量差异性与生物的种类、生活习性及其所处食物链结构和长度等因素有关。
In this paper, total mercury content in different types of organisms was measured by direct mercury meter to study bioacummulation of mecury in East China Sea. The differences of total mercury content in organisms were compared and analyzed in terms of feeding habit, food chain levels and perch water layers. The result showed that total mercury content of the 104 samples from 22 species in the offshore area of East China Sea ranged from 0 to 0.557 mg?kg~(-1), with an average of 0.103 mg?kg~(-1), no samples exceeded the maximum content level set in GB2762—2017. The analysis of average mercury content in different levels of food chain showed that: benthic predators(0.153 mg?kg~(-1))>zooplanktivors(0.093 mg?kg~(-1))>piscivores(0.084 mg?kg~(-1)); a magnifying effect for mercury existed in the marine food chain, and mercury enrichment and amplification happened in the upper vegetative level species;the mercury content in the fish was closely related to its habitat layer: the mercury content in species living in the sediment-bottom or bottom and lower-middle layers was higher than that of upper-middle living organisms, for example, the average mercury content of Lepidotrigla microptera(0.178 mg?kg~(-1)) was higher than Trachurus japonicus(0.042 mg?kg~(-1)). The mean total mercury content of organisms in different habitats layer showed the following distribution trends: sediment-bottom(0.122 mg?kg~(-1))>bottom(0.067 mg?kg~(-1))>lower-middle(0.060 mg?kg~(-1))>upper-middle(0.041 mg?kg~(-1)). The results show that the difference of total mercury accumulation in organisms in the East China Sea is related to species and habits of organisms.
In this paper, total mercury content in different types of organisms was measured by direct mercury meter to study bioacummulation of mecury in East China Sea. The differences of total mercury content in organisms were compared and analyzed in terms of feeding habit, food chain levels and perch water layers. The result showed that total mercury content of the 104 samples from 22 species in the offshore area of East China Sea ranged from 0 to 0.557 mg?kg~(-1), with an average of 0.103 mg?kg~(-1), no samples exceeded the maximum content level set in GB2762—2017. The analysis of average mercury content in different levels of food chain showed that: benthic predators(0.153 mg?kg~(-1))>zooplanktivors(0.093 mg?kg~(-1))>piscivores(0.084 mg?kg~(-1)); a magnifying effect for mercury existed in the marine food chain, and mercury enrichment and amplification happened in the upper vegetative level species;the mercury content in the fish was closely related to its habitat layer: the mercury content in species living in the sediment-bottom or bottom and lower-middle layers was higher than that of upper-middle living organisms, for example, the average mercury content of Lepidotrigla microptera(0.178 mg?kg~(-1)) was higher than Trachurus japonicus(0.042 mg?kg~(-1)). The mean total mercury content of organisms in different habitats layer showed the following distribution trends: sediment-bottom(0.122 mg?kg~(-1))>bottom(0.067 mg?kg~(-1))>lower-middle(0.060 mg?kg~(-1))>upper-middle(0.041 mg?kg~(-1)). The results show that the difference of total mercury accumulation in organisms in the East China Sea is related to species and habits of organisms.
引文
ANDERSEN J L,DEPLEDGE M H,1997.A survey of total mercury and methylmercury in edible fish and invertebrates from Azorean waters[J].Marine Environmental Research,44(3):331-350.
COELHO J P,MIEIRO C L,PEREIRA E,et al.,2013.Mercury biomagnification in a contaminated estuary food web:Effects of age and trophic position using stable isotope analyses[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,69(1-2):110-115.
HALL B D,BODALY R A,FUDGE R J P,et al.,1997.Food as the dominant pathway of methylmercury uptake by fish[J].Water Air&Soil Pollution,100(1-2):13-24.
HAMMERSCHMIDT C R,FITZGERALD W F,2004.Geochemical Controls on the Production and Distribution of Methylmercury in Near-Shore Marine Sediments[J].Environmental Science&Technology,38(5):1487-1495.
SAEI-DEHKORDI S S,FALLAH A A,NEMATOLLAHI A,2010.Arsenic and mercury in commercially valuable fish species from the Persian Gulf:Influence of season and habitat[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,48(10):0-2950.
STORELLI M M,STUFFLER R G,MARCOTRIGIANO G O,2002.Total and methylmercury residues in tuna-fish from the Mediterranean sea[J].Food Additives and Contaminants,19(8):715-720.
TEFFER A K,STAUDINGER M D,TAYLOR D L,et al.,2014.Trophic influences on mercury accumulation in top pelagic predators from offshore New England waters of the northwest Atlantic Ocean[J].Marine Environmental Research,101:124-134.
US EPA,1997.Mercury study report to congress.VolumeШ:fate and transport of mercury in the environment[R].Washington D.C:EPA-452/R-97-005.United States Environmental Protection Agency.
WALTERS D M,BLOCKSOM K A,LAZORCHAK J M,et al.,2010.Mercury Contamination in Fish in Midcontinent Great Rivers of the United States:Importance of Species Traits and Environmental Factors[J].Environmental Science and Technology,44(8):2947-2953.
常家琪,张小军,梅光明,等,2016.冷原子吸收法测定水产品中总汞含量[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),35(4):310-314.CHANG J Q,ZHANG X J,MEI G M,et al.,2016.Determination of total mercury content in aquatic products by cold atomic absorption spectrometry[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science Edition),35(4):310-314.
崔毅,王文兰,1997.胶州湾海水,海洋生物体中重金属含量的研究[J].应用生态学报,8(6):650-654.CUI Y,WANG W L,1997.Heavy metals content in sea water and marine organisms at Jiaozhou Bay[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,8(6):650-654.
胡国媛,潘心红,李静,等,2017.自动测汞仪直接对海鱼中总汞进行测定的探讨[J].广东化工,44(19):168-169.HU G Y,PAN X H,LI J,et al.,2017.Direct determination of total mercury in marine fishes using automatic mercury analyzer[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,44(19):168-169.
李崇德,李波,柴松芳,1990.黄海近海底栖动物总汞含量的初步分析[J].海洋环境科学,9(1):18-22.LI C D,LI B,CHAI S F,1990.Preliminary analysis of total mercury content in benthic animals in the Yellow Sea.Marine Environmental Science,9(1):18-22.
李世龙,李丽和,蓝月存,等,2016.运用测汞仪快速测定水系沉积物中的总汞[J].广州化学,41(2):68-71.LI S L,LI L H,LAN Y C,et al.,2016.Rapid determination of total mercury in sediment by using lumex analytical equipment[J].Guangzhou Chemistry,41(2):68-71.
刘丽萍,张妮娜,李筱薇,等,2010.直接测汞仪测定食品中的总汞[J].中国食品卫生杂志,22(1):19-23.LIU L P,ZHANG N N,LI X W,et al.,2010.Determination of total mercury in food with direct mercury analyzer[J].Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene,22(1):19-23.
刘永懋,翟平阳,1996.甲基汞在水生生物体内富集倍数的研究[J].水资源保护(3):1-9.LIU Y M,ZHAI P Y,1996.Study on the enrichment of methylmercury in aquatic organisms[J].Water resources protection(3):1-9.
梅光明,张小军,钟志,等,2016.浙江沿海海产品甲基汞污染调查及膳食风险评估[J].食品科学,37(17):207-212.MEI G M,ZHANG X J,ZHONG Z,et al.,2016.Survey of methylmercury contamination in coastal seafoods in Zhejiang Province and potential dietary health risk assessment[J].Food Science,37(17):207-212.
全国海岸带办公室,1989.中国海岸带和海涂资源综合调查专业报告集-环境质量调查报告[M].北京:海洋出版社.National Coastal Zone Office,1989.China's coastal zone and tidal resources comprehensive survey professional report set-environmental quality survey report[M].Beijing:Ocean Press.
孙维萍,刘小涯,潘建明,等,2012.浙江沿海经济鱼类体内重金属的残留水平[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),39(3):338-344.SUN W P,LIU X Y,PAN J M,et al.,2012.Levels of heavy metals in commercial-shore of Zhejiang Province[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition),39(3):338-344.
童永彭,朱志鹏,2015.近海海域海产品汞、铅和砷污染状况的研究进展[J].食品科学,36(23):301-306.TONG Y P,ZHU Z P,2015.A review on Hg,Pb and As contamination of coastal seafood[J].Food Science,36(23):301-306.
王敏,曹克驹,常青,等,1997.乌鳢的食性与摄食率的研究[J].水利渔业(5):12-15.WANG M,CAO K J,CHANG Q,et al.,1997.Study on the feeding habits and feeding rate of Channa argus.[J].Journal of Hydroecology(5):12-15.
吴莉芳,张东鸣,黄权,等,2000.黄花泡乌鳢的食性分析及种群资源利用[J].吉林农业大学学报,22(3):104-106.WU L F,ZHANG D M,HUANG Q,et al.,2000.The food analysis,population resources and utilization of snakehead fish(Ophiocephalus argus)in Huanghua Lake[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,22(3):104-106.
王文雄,2011.微量金属生态毒理学和生物地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社.WANG W X,2011.Trace metal ecotoxicology and biogeochemistry[M].Beijing:Science Press.
王增焕,林钦,王许诺,等,2009.大亚湾经济类海洋生物体的重金属含量分析[J].南方水产科学,5(1):23-28.WANG Z H,LIN Q,WANG X N,et al.,2009.Analysis of heavy metal contents in marine organisms from Daya Bay[J].Southern Aquatic Science,5(1):23-28.
张波,唐启升,金显仕,2007.东海高营养层次鱼类功能群及其主要种类[J].中国水产科学,14(6):939-949.ZHANG B,TANG Q S,JIN X S,2007.Functional groups of fish assemblages and their major species at high trophic level in the East China Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,14(6):939-949.
张红英,王丽,曹丽玲,等,2008.DMA-80型直接测汞仪测定食品中汞[J].理化检验(化学分册),44(1):84-85.ZHANG H Y,WANG L,CAO L L,et al.,2008.Determination of mercury in food with DMA-80 direct mercury analyzer[J].Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis Part B:Chemical Analysis,44(1):84-85.
张铁涛,周宁海,2012.双硫腙比色法测定海鱼中的汞含量[J].琼州学院学报,19(2):19-22.ZHANG T T,ZHOU N H,2012.Determination of content of hydragyrum in seafood by diphenyl thiocarbazone Method[J].Journal of Qiongzhou University,19(2):19-22.
朱艾嘉,许战洲,柳圭泽,等,2014.黄海常见鱼类体内汞含量的种内和种间差异研究[J].环境科学,35(2):764-769.ZHU A J,ZHU Z Z,LIU G Z,et al.,2014.Inner-and Inter-Species differences of mercury concentration in common fishes from the Yellow Sea[J].Environmental Science,35(2):764-769.
COELHO J P,MIEIRO C L,PEREIRA E,et al.,2013.Mercury biomagnification in a contaminated estuary food web:Effects of age and trophic position using stable isotope analyses[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,69(1-2):110-115.
HALL B D,BODALY R A,FUDGE R J P,et al.,1997.Food as the dominant pathway of methylmercury uptake by fish[J].Water Air&Soil Pollution,100(1-2):13-24.
HAMMERSCHMIDT C R,FITZGERALD W F,2004.Geochemical Controls on the Production and Distribution of Methylmercury in Near-Shore Marine Sediments[J].Environmental Science&Technology,38(5):1487-1495.
SAEI-DEHKORDI S S,FALLAH A A,NEMATOLLAHI A,2010.Arsenic and mercury in commercially valuable fish species from the Persian Gulf:Influence of season and habitat[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,48(10):0-2950.
STORELLI M M,STUFFLER R G,MARCOTRIGIANO G O,2002.Total and methylmercury residues in tuna-fish from the Mediterranean sea[J].Food Additives and Contaminants,19(8):715-720.
TEFFER A K,STAUDINGER M D,TAYLOR D L,et al.,2014.Trophic influences on mercury accumulation in top pelagic predators from offshore New England waters of the northwest Atlantic Ocean[J].Marine Environmental Research,101:124-134.
US EPA,1997.Mercury study report to congress.VolumeШ:fate and transport of mercury in the environment[R].Washington D.C:EPA-452/R-97-005.United States Environmental Protection Agency.
WALTERS D M,BLOCKSOM K A,LAZORCHAK J M,et al.,2010.Mercury Contamination in Fish in Midcontinent Great Rivers of the United States:Importance of Species Traits and Environmental Factors[J].Environmental Science and Technology,44(8):2947-2953.
常家琪,张小军,梅光明,等,2016.冷原子吸收法测定水产品中总汞含量[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),35(4):310-314.CHANG J Q,ZHANG X J,MEI G M,et al.,2016.Determination of total mercury content in aquatic products by cold atomic absorption spectrometry[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science Edition),35(4):310-314.
崔毅,王文兰,1997.胶州湾海水,海洋生物体中重金属含量的研究[J].应用生态学报,8(6):650-654.CUI Y,WANG W L,1997.Heavy metals content in sea water and marine organisms at Jiaozhou Bay[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,8(6):650-654.
胡国媛,潘心红,李静,等,2017.自动测汞仪直接对海鱼中总汞进行测定的探讨[J].广东化工,44(19):168-169.HU G Y,PAN X H,LI J,et al.,2017.Direct determination of total mercury in marine fishes using automatic mercury analyzer[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,44(19):168-169.
李崇德,李波,柴松芳,1990.黄海近海底栖动物总汞含量的初步分析[J].海洋环境科学,9(1):18-22.LI C D,LI B,CHAI S F,1990.Preliminary analysis of total mercury content in benthic animals in the Yellow Sea.Marine Environmental Science,9(1):18-22.
李世龙,李丽和,蓝月存,等,2016.运用测汞仪快速测定水系沉积物中的总汞[J].广州化学,41(2):68-71.LI S L,LI L H,LAN Y C,et al.,2016.Rapid determination of total mercury in sediment by using lumex analytical equipment[J].Guangzhou Chemistry,41(2):68-71.
刘丽萍,张妮娜,李筱薇,等,2010.直接测汞仪测定食品中的总汞[J].中国食品卫生杂志,22(1):19-23.LIU L P,ZHANG N N,LI X W,et al.,2010.Determination of total mercury in food with direct mercury analyzer[J].Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene,22(1):19-23.
刘永懋,翟平阳,1996.甲基汞在水生生物体内富集倍数的研究[J].水资源保护(3):1-9.LIU Y M,ZHAI P Y,1996.Study on the enrichment of methylmercury in aquatic organisms[J].Water resources protection(3):1-9.
梅光明,张小军,钟志,等,2016.浙江沿海海产品甲基汞污染调查及膳食风险评估[J].食品科学,37(17):207-212.MEI G M,ZHANG X J,ZHONG Z,et al.,2016.Survey of methylmercury contamination in coastal seafoods in Zhejiang Province and potential dietary health risk assessment[J].Food Science,37(17):207-212.
全国海岸带办公室,1989.中国海岸带和海涂资源综合调查专业报告集-环境质量调查报告[M].北京:海洋出版社.National Coastal Zone Office,1989.China's coastal zone and tidal resources comprehensive survey professional report set-environmental quality survey report[M].Beijing:Ocean Press.
孙维萍,刘小涯,潘建明,等,2012.浙江沿海经济鱼类体内重金属的残留水平[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),39(3):338-344.SUN W P,LIU X Y,PAN J M,et al.,2012.Levels of heavy metals in commercial-shore of Zhejiang Province[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition),39(3):338-344.
童永彭,朱志鹏,2015.近海海域海产品汞、铅和砷污染状况的研究进展[J].食品科学,36(23):301-306.TONG Y P,ZHU Z P,2015.A review on Hg,Pb and As contamination of coastal seafood[J].Food Science,36(23):301-306.
王敏,曹克驹,常青,等,1997.乌鳢的食性与摄食率的研究[J].水利渔业(5):12-15.WANG M,CAO K J,CHANG Q,et al.,1997.Study on the feeding habits and feeding rate of Channa argus.[J].Journal of Hydroecology(5):12-15.
吴莉芳,张东鸣,黄权,等,2000.黄花泡乌鳢的食性分析及种群资源利用[J].吉林农业大学学报,22(3):104-106.WU L F,ZHANG D M,HUANG Q,et al.,2000.The food analysis,population resources and utilization of snakehead fish(Ophiocephalus argus)in Huanghua Lake[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,22(3):104-106.
王文雄,2011.微量金属生态毒理学和生物地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社.WANG W X,2011.Trace metal ecotoxicology and biogeochemistry[M].Beijing:Science Press.
王增焕,林钦,王许诺,等,2009.大亚湾经济类海洋生物体的重金属含量分析[J].南方水产科学,5(1):23-28.WANG Z H,LIN Q,WANG X N,et al.,2009.Analysis of heavy metal contents in marine organisms from Daya Bay[J].Southern Aquatic Science,5(1):23-28.
张波,唐启升,金显仕,2007.东海高营养层次鱼类功能群及其主要种类[J].中国水产科学,14(6):939-949.ZHANG B,TANG Q S,JIN X S,2007.Functional groups of fish assemblages and their major species at high trophic level in the East China Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,14(6):939-949.
张红英,王丽,曹丽玲,等,2008.DMA-80型直接测汞仪测定食品中汞[J].理化检验(化学分册),44(1):84-85.ZHANG H Y,WANG L,CAO L L,et al.,2008.Determination of mercury in food with DMA-80 direct mercury analyzer[J].Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis Part B:Chemical Analysis,44(1):84-85.
张铁涛,周宁海,2012.双硫腙比色法测定海鱼中的汞含量[J].琼州学院学报,19(2):19-22.ZHANG T T,ZHOU N H,2012.Determination of content of hydragyrum in seafood by diphenyl thiocarbazone Method[J].Journal of Qiongzhou University,19(2):19-22.
朱艾嘉,许战洲,柳圭泽,等,2014.黄海常见鱼类体内汞含量的种内和种间差异研究[J].环境科学,35(2):764-769.ZHU A J,ZHU Z Z,LIU G Z,et al.,2014.Inner-and Inter-Species differences of mercury concentration in common fishes from the Yellow Sea[J].Environmental Science,35(2):764-769.