伦理线·伦理结·叙事伦理——《骨》的叙事学和文学伦理学解读
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摘要
本文运用叙事学和文学伦理学相结合的方法,研究新生代华裔美国作家伍慧明的成名作和代表作《骨》,分析作品伦理线所反映的时间意识,探究当代华裔在面对伦理困境时的伦理选择,以此审视当代华裔美国作家的伦理取向。笔者认为,独特的叙事设计指涉复杂的伦理意义:《骨》继承了华裔美国女作家惯用的非线性叙事方法,再现有关华人生活的隐匿历史。伦理结的反复呈现指向家庭成员的创伤和华人移民的集体记忆。伍慧明用小说记录华人移民的艰辛历史和伦理困境,强调铭记历史的意义。
Through the lens of ethical literary criticism, this article studies the temporal consciousness constructed by the narrative line of Fae Myenne Ng's Bone in order to analyze both the ethical choices contemporary Chinese Americans make when they face ethical dilemmas and the underlying ethical intentionalities of contemporary Chinese American writers. The novel's nonlinear narrative reflects its author's ethical commission to retell the hidden history of Chinese immigrant families. Reiterated ethical complexities expose the traumatic past of family members and the collective consciousness of Chinese immigrants. Ng recovers, records and remembers the hardship and ethical dilemmas that Chinese Americans experienced in the past.
Through the lens of ethical literary criticism, this article studies the temporal consciousness constructed by the narrative line of Fae Myenne Ng's Bone in order to analyze both the ethical choices contemporary Chinese Americans make when they face ethical dilemmas and the underlying ethical intentionalities of contemporary Chinese American writers. The novel's nonlinear narrative reflects its author's ethical commission to retell the hidden history of Chinese immigrant families. Reiterated ethical complexities expose the traumatic past of family members and the collective consciousness of Chinese immigrants. Ng recovers, records and remembers the hardship and ethical dilemmas that Chinese Americans experienced in the past.
引文
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Feng,Pin-chia.“Teaching Bone:A Taiwanese Perspective.”American Book Review 11(2009):7-8.
Kafka,Phillipa.(Un)Doing the Missionary Position:Gender Asymmetry in Contemporary Asian American Women’s Writing.Westport:Greenwood Publishing Group,1997.
Kim,Thomas W.“‘For a paper son,paper is blood’:Subjectivation and Authenticity in Fae Myenne Ng’s Bone.”MELUS 24.4(1999):41-56.
Huang,Huihui.“The Rite Narrative and Trauma Writing of Contemporary Chinese American Literature:Taking Fae Myenne Ng’s Bone as an Example.”Jiangxi Social Sciences 10(2017):134-39.[黄辉辉:《当代美国华裔文学的仪式叙事与创伤书写:以伍慧明小说〈骨〉为例》,《江西社会科学》2017年第10期,第134-39页。]
Lin,Patricia.“Clashing Constructs of Reality:Reading Maxine Hong Kingston’s Tripmaster Monkey:His Fake Book as Indigenous Ethnography.”Reading the Literatures of Asian America.Ed.Shirley Geok-lin Lim and Amy Ling.Philadelphia:Temple UP,1992.333-48.
Liu,Kuilan.The Shifting Boundaries:Interviews with Asian American Writers and Critics.Tianjin:Nankai UP,2012.234-72.
Lu,Wei.“Fae Myenne Ng:A Chinese-American Female Writer Confronting History.”Chinese American Writers.Ed.Wu Bing.Tianjin:Nankai UP,2009.347-61.[陆薇:《直面华裔美国历史的华裔女作家伍慧明》,载吴冰主编,《华裔美国作家研究》,天津:南开大学出版社,2009年,第347-61页。]
Ng,Fae Myenne.Bone.NY:Harper Perennial,1993.Nie,Zhenzhao.An Introduction to Ethical Literary Criticism.Beijing:Peking UP,2014.[聂珍钊:《文学伦理学批评导论》,北京:北京大学出版社,2014年。]
Pu,Ruoqian.Ethnic Experiences and Cultural Imagination:Typical Motives of Chinese American Fiction.Beijing:China Social Sciences Press,2006.[蒲若茜:《族裔经验与文化想象:华裔美国小说典型母题研究》,北京:中国社会科学出版社,2006年。]
Tang,Weisheng.“The Ethical Turn and Rhetorical Narrative Ethics:An Interview with Professor James Phelan.”Foreign Literature Studies 3(2007):9-18.[唐伟胜:《伦理转向与修辞性的叙事伦理:詹姆斯·费伦教授访谈》,《外国文学研究》2007年第3期,第9-18页。]
Wong,Cynthia Sau-ling.Reading Asian American Literature:From Necessity to Extravagance.Princeton:Princeton UP,1993.
Feng,Pin-chia.“Teaching Bone:A Taiwanese Perspective.”American Book Review 11(2009):7-8.
Kafka,Phillipa.(Un)Doing the Missionary Position:Gender Asymmetry in Contemporary Asian American Women’s Writing.Westport:Greenwood Publishing Group,1997.
Kim,Thomas W.“‘For a paper son,paper is blood’:Subjectivation and Authenticity in Fae Myenne Ng’s Bone.”MELUS 24.4(1999):41-56.
Huang,Huihui.“The Rite Narrative and Trauma Writing of Contemporary Chinese American Literature:Taking Fae Myenne Ng’s Bone as an Example.”Jiangxi Social Sciences 10(2017):134-39.[黄辉辉:《当代美国华裔文学的仪式叙事与创伤书写:以伍慧明小说〈骨〉为例》,《江西社会科学》2017年第10期,第134-39页。]
Lin,Patricia.“Clashing Constructs of Reality:Reading Maxine Hong Kingston’s Tripmaster Monkey:His Fake Book as Indigenous Ethnography.”Reading the Literatures of Asian America.Ed.Shirley Geok-lin Lim and Amy Ling.Philadelphia:Temple UP,1992.333-48.
Liu,Kuilan.The Shifting Boundaries:Interviews with Asian American Writers and Critics.Tianjin:Nankai UP,2012.234-72.
Lu,Wei.“Fae Myenne Ng:A Chinese-American Female Writer Confronting History.”Chinese American Writers.Ed.Wu Bing.Tianjin:Nankai UP,2009.347-61.[陆薇:《直面华裔美国历史的华裔女作家伍慧明》,载吴冰主编,《华裔美国作家研究》,天津:南开大学出版社,2009年,第347-61页。]
Ng,Fae Myenne.Bone.NY:Harper Perennial,1993.Nie,Zhenzhao.An Introduction to Ethical Literary Criticism.Beijing:Peking UP,2014.[聂珍钊:《文学伦理学批评导论》,北京:北京大学出版社,2014年。]
Pu,Ruoqian.Ethnic Experiences and Cultural Imagination:Typical Motives of Chinese American Fiction.Beijing:China Social Sciences Press,2006.[蒲若茜:《族裔经验与文化想象:华裔美国小说典型母题研究》,北京:中国社会科学出版社,2006年。]
Tang,Weisheng.“The Ethical Turn and Rhetorical Narrative Ethics:An Interview with Professor James Phelan.”Foreign Literature Studies 3(2007):9-18.[唐伟胜:《伦理转向与修辞性的叙事伦理:詹姆斯·费伦教授访谈》,《外国文学研究》2007年第3期,第9-18页。]
Wong,Cynthia Sau-ling.Reading Asian American Literature:From Necessity to Extravagance.Princeton:Princeton UP,1993.