断奶仔猪肠道微生物氮代谢相关酶活对日粮蛋白水平响应规律
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摘要
旨在研究断奶仔猪肠道微生物氮代谢相关酶活对日粮粗蛋白(crude protein,CP)水平响应规律。选择54头体质量为(5.55±0.49) kg的28日龄杜洛克×长白×大约克断奶仔猪,采用单因子完全随机设计分配到CP为20%、17%、14%的3组日粮中,每组18个重复,每个重复1头猪。预试期7 d,正试期45 d。分别在正试期10,25及45 d,每组随机挑选6头进行屠宰,采集各肠段食糜和粪便样品分离微生物,测定肠道微生物氮代谢相关酶活力。结果表明,仔猪肠道微生物氮代谢相关酶酶活力具有肠段特异性,日粮高CP水平能显著提高肠道微生物硝酸还原酶(P<0.05)、腺苷脱氨酶(P<0.05)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(P<0.05)、尿素酶(P<0.05)、谷丙转氨酶(P<0.05)及蛋白酶(P<0.05)。肠道微生物的蛋氨酸、组氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、甘氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、谷氨酸脱羧酶活力对日粮高CP水平响应明显(P<0.05)。消化道微生物氮代谢相关酶活力对蛋白质水平的响应规律性解析了当前猪蛋白质利用率低的原因。
This research aimed to study on the regulation of the intestinal microbes enzyme activity related nitrogen metabolism in piglets response to dietary crude protein(CP) levels.A total of 54 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire 28 d weaned piglets(5.55 ± 0.49 kg) were randomly allocated to 3 treatments with 18 barrows per group.Piglets in 3 treatments fed a maize-soybean meal diet containing 20%,17% and 14% CP,respectively.The experiment lasted 7 d adaptation period and 45 d test period.Six piglets were selected from each group to be collected feces and were slaughtered to be collected intestinal contents on 10,25 and 45 d,respectively.The results showed that microbial enzyme activity of intestinal in piglets had a bowel-specific,high dietary protein level had increased significantly on nitrate reductase(P<0.05),adenosine deminase(P<0.05),glutamine synthetase(P<0.05),urease(P<0.05),glutamic-pyruvic transaminasa(P<0.05) and protease of microbial in intestinal(P<0.05),regulated nitrogen metabolism of microbial in intestinal.The decarboxylase activity of methionine,histidine,lysine,arginine,glycine,tyrosine,tryptophan and glutamic of microbial in intestinal had significantly response to high dietary crude protein level(P<0.05).The response regulation of microbial nitrogen metabolism related enzyme activity in the digestive tract to dietary protein level had explained the reason for the low utilization rate of the pig.
This research aimed to study on the regulation of the intestinal microbes enzyme activity related nitrogen metabolism in piglets response to dietary crude protein(CP) levels.A total of 54 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire 28 d weaned piglets(5.55 ± 0.49 kg) were randomly allocated to 3 treatments with 18 barrows per group.Piglets in 3 treatments fed a maize-soybean meal diet containing 20%,17% and 14% CP,respectively.The experiment lasted 7 d adaptation period and 45 d test period.Six piglets were selected from each group to be collected feces and were slaughtered to be collected intestinal contents on 10,25 and 45 d,respectively.The results showed that microbial enzyme activity of intestinal in piglets had a bowel-specific,high dietary protein level had increased significantly on nitrate reductase(P<0.05),adenosine deminase(P<0.05),glutamine synthetase(P<0.05),urease(P<0.05),glutamic-pyruvic transaminasa(P<0.05) and protease of microbial in intestinal(P<0.05),regulated nitrogen metabolism of microbial in intestinal.The decarboxylase activity of methionine,histidine,lysine,arginine,glycine,tyrosine,tryptophan and glutamic of microbial in intestinal had significantly response to high dietary crude protein level(P<0.05).The response regulation of microbial nitrogen metabolism related enzyme activity in the digestive tract to dietary protein level had explained the reason for the low utilization rate of the pig.
引文
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[12] TAN B,YIN Y,LIU Z,et al.Dietary L-arginine supplementation increases muscle gain and reduces body fat mass in growing-finishing pigs[J].Amino Acids,2009,37:169-175.
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[15] BLACHIER F,MARIOTTI F,HUNEAU J F,et al.Effects of amino acid-derived luminal metabolites on the colonic epithelium and physiopalhological consequences[J].Amino Acids,2007,33:547-562.
[16] 惠铄智,蔡维北,孔祥杰,等.黄芪茎叶对断奶仔猪小肠食糜理化特性、盲肠发酵效果的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2018,38(4):759-764.
[17] BARKER H A.Amino acid degradation by anaerobic bacteria[J].Annu Rev Biochem,1981,50:23-40.
[18] SMITH E A,MACFARLANE G T.Studies on amine production in the human colon:enumeration of amine forming bacteria and physiological effects of carbohydrate and pH[J].Anaerobe,1996(2):285-297.
[2] DAI Z L,ZHANG J,WU G,et al.Utilization of amino acids by bacteria from the pig small intestine[J].Amino Acids,2010,39:1201-1215.
[3] 邓欢,唐志如,孙志洪,等.一种猪胃肠道内容物与粪便微生物总量的分离方法[P].2014.10431318.5.
[4] 唐志如,邓欢,孙志洪,等.一种快速定量检测氨基酸脱羧酶的比色方法[P].2014.10444552.1.
[5] 董云伟,牛翠娟.饲料蛋白水平对罗氏沼虾(Macorbrachiumorsnebegri)生长和消化酶活性的影响[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2001(1):90 -93.
[6] 赖星,石宝石,刘金艳,等.日粮蛋白水平对生长育肥猪肠道微生物酶活性的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2017,37(2):327-334.
[7] TOUCHETTE B W,BURKHOLDER J M.Review of nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism inseagrasses[J].J Exp Mar Biol Ecol,2000,250 (1):133-167.
[8] KYAING M,顾立江,程红梅.植物中硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸还原酶的作用[J].生物技术进展,2011,1 (3):159-164.
[9] 唐洪杰,王金花,祝陈坚,等.几种海洋微藻硝酸还原酶特性的初步研究[J].海洋水产研究,2006,27 (6):48-54.
[10] BERGES J.Miniview:algal nitrate reductases[J].Eur J Phycol,1997,32 (1):3-8.
[11] RHOADS J M,WU G.Glulamine,arginine,and leucine signaling in the intestine[J].Amino Acids,2009,37:111-122.
[12] TAN B,YIN Y,LIU Z,et al.Dietary L-arginine supplementation increases muscle gain and reduces body fat mass in growing-finishing pigs[J].Amino Acids,2009,37:169-175.
[13] TAN B,LI X G,KONG X F,et al.Dietary L-arginine supplementation enhances the immune status in early-weaned piglets[J].Amino Acids,2009,37:323-331.
[14] CORRING T.Endogenous seeretions in the pig:current concepts of digestion and absorption in pigs[J].Nird Press,1980:136-150.
[15] BLACHIER F,MARIOTTI F,HUNEAU J F,et al.Effects of amino acid-derived luminal metabolites on the colonic epithelium and physiopalhological consequences[J].Amino Acids,2007,33:547-562.
[16] 惠铄智,蔡维北,孔祥杰,等.黄芪茎叶对断奶仔猪小肠食糜理化特性、盲肠发酵效果的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2018,38(4):759-764.
[17] BARKER H A.Amino acid degradation by anaerobic bacteria[J].Annu Rev Biochem,1981,50:23-40.
[18] SMITH E A,MACFARLANE G T.Studies on amine production in the human colon:enumeration of amine forming bacteria and physiological effects of carbohydrate and pH[J].Anaerobe,1996(2):285-297.