鼎湖山自然保护区黏菌的物种组成和多样性
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摘要
为了揭示鼎湖山自然保护区黏菌的物种组成及物种多样性在不同生境的异同,该研究选择6个不同海拔高度的样地,从中收集地面基物和树皮基物进行湿室培养,通过物种鉴定和发生数量统计分析物种的组成和多样性。结果表明:共计获得6目8科18属49种黏菌,其中绒泡菌目(Physarales)最多(17种),其次为团毛菌目15种、发网菌目(Stemonitales)11种、无丝菌目(Lieeales)4种、鹅绒菌目(Ceratiomyxales)和刺轴菌目(Eehinosteliales)分别各1种。主要优势种为灰团网菌(Arcyria cinerea)(RA=27.03%)和垫形双皮菌(Diderma effusum)(RA=21.14%)。随着海拔的升高,黏菌物种多样性逐渐降低,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最低值出现在海拔300 m处,为1.66±0.12;而其优势集中性指数最高,为0.25±0.05。两个样地的海拔高度相距越大,共有的物种数越少相似性指数越低。雨季共获得黏菌33种,旱季共获得黏菌40种,共有种为22种,相似性系数为60.27%,旱季基物上发生的黏菌Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著高于雨季。地面基物上的黏菌物种数为39种,高于树皮基物的26种,且两者的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数具有显著性差异,表明黏菌对地面基物的偏好性大于树皮基物。
In an effort to investigate the species composition and diversity of myxomycetes in different habitats of Dinghu Mountain Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province,six sample plots were selected along an elevation gradient.Barks and ground substances were collected from the sample plots and then incubated via moist chamber culture in laboratory.The species were identified and then counted the number of its occurrence.Major diversity indexes were compared to investigate species composition and diversity.Forty-nine species of myxomycetes were classified as 18 genera of 8 families belonging to 6 orders.Among them,Physarales was abundant,including 17 species,followed by 15 species of Trichiales,11 species of Stemonitales,4 species of Liceales,1 speices of Ceratiomyxales and 1 species of Echinosteliales.The species Arcyria cinerea and Diderma effusum were dominant with relative abundances of 27.03%and 21.14%,respectively.With increasing of elevation,species diversity of myxomycetes decreased.The elevation of 300 m was characterized by the lowest Shannon-Wiener diversity index(1.66 ±0.12),but with the highest dominant concentration index(0.25± 0.05).With the increasing of the high difference of each two sites,the common species number and similarity index decreased.Thirty-three species of myxomycetes,classified as 13 genera of 7 families in 6 orders,were recorded in wet season,and forty species of myxomycetes,classified as 17 genera of 6 orders in 8 families,were recorded in dry season.Twenty-two species were the common species between two seasons,and the similarity index was 60.27%.The species diversity index were significantly higher in dry season than in wet season.The species diversity of myxomycetes were significantly higher in ground substances than in bark substances.This study indicated that myxomycetes preferred ground substances to barks substances.
In an effort to investigate the species composition and diversity of myxomycetes in different habitats of Dinghu Mountain Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province,six sample plots were selected along an elevation gradient.Barks and ground substances were collected from the sample plots and then incubated via moist chamber culture in laboratory.The species were identified and then counted the number of its occurrence.Major diversity indexes were compared to investigate species composition and diversity.Forty-nine species of myxomycetes were classified as 18 genera of 8 families belonging to 6 orders.Among them,Physarales was abundant,including 17 species,followed by 15 species of Trichiales,11 species of Stemonitales,4 species of Liceales,1 speices of Ceratiomyxales and 1 species of Echinosteliales.The species Arcyria cinerea and Diderma effusum were dominant with relative abundances of 27.03%and 21.14%,respectively.With increasing of elevation,species diversity of myxomycetes decreased.The elevation of 300 m was characterized by the lowest Shannon-Wiener diversity index(1.66 ±0.12),but with the highest dominant concentration index(0.25± 0.05).With the increasing of the high difference of each two sites,the common species number and similarity index decreased.Thirty-three species of myxomycetes,classified as 13 genera of 7 families in 6 orders,were recorded in wet season,and forty species of myxomycetes,classified as 17 genera of 6 orders in 8 families,were recorded in dry season.Twenty-two species were the common species between two seasons,and the similarity index was 60.27%.The species diversity index were significantly higher in dry season than in wet season.The species diversity of myxomycetes were significantly higher in ground substances than in bark substances.This study indicated that myxomycetes preferred ground substances to barks substances.
引文
CHEN SL,1999.Fung flora of tropical Guangxi,China:A survey of myxomycetes from southwestern Guangxi[J].Mycotaxon,72:393-401.
CHUNG CH,1997.Slime moulds of Hong Kong[M].Taipei:Yi Hsien Publishing Company Limited:1-25.
DAI Q,YAN SZ,YAO HQ,et al,2013.Myxomycete diversity in hilly forests of East China[J].Biodivers Sci,21(4):507-513.[戴群,闫淑珍,姚慧琴,等,2013.华东丘陵林地黏菌的物种多样性[J].生物多样性,21(4):507-513.]
ELIASSON U,1991.The myxomycete biota of the Hawaiian Island[J].Mycol Res,95(3):257-267.
FARR ML,1976.Flora Neotropica Monograph,16.Myxomycetes[M].New York:The New York Botanical Garden:1-305.
HERNA'NDEZ-CRESPO J,LADO C,2014.An on-line nomenclatural information system of Eumycetozoa[EB/OL].http://www.nomen.eumycetozoa.com.
ING B,1987.Myxomycetes from Hong Kong and Southern China[J].Mycotaxon,30:199-201.
KO TWK,STEPHENSON SL,HYDE KD,et al,2010.Patterns of occurrence of myxomycetes on lianas[J].Fung Ecol,3(4):302-310.
LADO C,ESTRADA-TORRES A,STEPHENSON SL,et al,2003.Biodiversity assessment of myxomycetes from two tropical forest reserves in Mexico[J].Fung Divers,12(1):67-110.
LI Y,TOLGOR,LIN W,et al,2002.Notes on tropical myxomycetes from Hainan[J].J Jilin Agric Univ,24(2):15-17.[李玉,图力古尔,林伟,等,2002.海南热带粘菌资源I[J].吉林农业大学学报,24(2):15-17.]
MA KP,LIU YM,1994.Measurement of biotic community diversity.I.αdiversity[J].Biodivers Sci,2(4):231-239.[马克平,刘玉明,1994.生物多样性的测度方法.I.α多样性的测度方法[J].生物多样性,2(4):231-239.]
MA KP,LIU CR,LIU YM,1995.Measurement of biotic community diversity.II.βdiversity[J].Biodivers Sci,3(1):38-43.[马克平,刘灿然,刘玉明,1995.生物多样性的测度方法.II.β多样性的测度方法[J].生物多样性,3(1):38-43.]
NEUBERT H,NOWOTNY W,BAUMANN K,1993.Die Myxomyceten Deutsclands und des angrenzenden Alpenraumes unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung Oesterreichs.Bd.1[M].Gomaringen:Karlheinz Baumann Verlag:1-343.
NEUBERT H,NOWOTNY W,BAUMANN K,1995.Die Myxomyceten Deutsclands und des angrenzenden Alpenraumes unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung Oesterreichs.Bd.2[M].Gomaringen:Karlheinz Baumann Verlag:1-368.
NEUBERT H,NOWOTNY W,BAUMANN K,2000.Die Myxomyceten Deutsclands und des angrenzenden Alpenraumes unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung Oesterreichs.Bd.3[M].Gomaringen:Karlheinz Baumann Verlag:1-391.
PENG Y,WEI H,ZHU W,et al,2007.The application of the Markov model on the dynamic change of landscape pattern in Dinghu Mountain Biosphere Reserve Area[J].Guihaia,27(2):186-190.[彭月,魏虹,朱韦,等,2007.广东鼎湖山自然保护区森林景观的动态模拟研究[J].广西植物,27(2):186-190.]
LIU QS,YAN SZ,DAI JY,et al,2013.Species diversity of corticolous myxomycetes in Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve,China[J].Cana J Microbiol,59(12):803-813.
ROJAS C,STEPHENSON SL,2008.Myxomycete ecology along an elevation gradient on Cocos Island,Costa Rica[J].Fung Divers,29:117-127.
ROJAS C,STEPHENSON SL,2012.A biogeographical evaluation of high-elevation myxomycete assemblages in the northern Neotropics[J].Fung Ecol,5(2):99-113.
ROJAS C,VALVERDE R,STEPHENSON SL,et al,2010.Ecological patterns of Costa Rican myxomycetes[J].Fung Ecol,3(3):139-147.
SCHNITTLER M,LADO C,STEPHENSON SL,2002.Rapid biodiversity assessment of a tropical myxomycete assemblageMaquipucuna Cloud Forest Reserve,Ecuador[J].Fung Divers,9:135-167.
SCHNITTLER M,STEPHENSON SL,2000.Myxomycete biodiversity in four different forest types in Costa Rica[J].Mycologia,92(4):626-637.
SCHNITTLER M,UNTERSEHER M,TESMER J,2006.Species richness and ecological characterization of myxomycetes and myxomycete-like organisms in the canopy of a temperate deciduous forest[J].Mycologia,98(2):223-232.
SONG TP,CHEN SL,2014.Species diversity of myxomycetes in Huanglian Mountain National Nature Reserve of Yunan Province,China[J].J Ecol Rural Environ,30(4):458-463.[宋天鹏,陈双林,2014.黄连山自然保护区黏菌的物种多样性[J].生态与农村环境学报,30(4):458-463.]
STEPHENSON SL,1988.Distribution and ecology of Myxomycetes in temperate forests.I.Patterns of occurrence in the upland forests of southwestern Virginiap[J].CAN J Bot,66(11):2 187-2 207.
STEPHENSON SL,LANDOLT J,MOORE D,1999.Protostelids,dictyostelids and myxomycetes in the litter microhabitat of the luquillo experimental forest,Puerto Rico[J].Mycol Res,103(2):209-214.
STEPHENSON SL,SCHNITTLER M,LADO C,2004a.Ecological characterization of a tropical myxomycete assemblage-Maquipucuna Cloud Forest Reserve,Ecuador[J].Mycologia,96(3):488-497.
STEPHENSON SL,SCHNITTLER M,LADO C,et al,2004b.Studies of neotropical mycetozoans[J].Syst Geogr Plants,74:87-108.
TRAN HTM,STEPHENSON SL,HYDE KD,et al,2006.Distribution and occurrence of myxomycetes in tropical forests of northern Thailand[J].Fung Divers,22(1):227-242.
YAN SZ,LIU QS,LI Y,et al,2012.Known species of myxomycetes from tropical China[J].J Fung Res,10(3):158-172.[闫淑珍,刘歧莎,李玉,等,2012.中国热带黏菌的已知种类[J].菌物研究,10(3):158-172.]
CHUNG CH,1997.Slime moulds of Hong Kong[M].Taipei:Yi Hsien Publishing Company Limited:1-25.
DAI Q,YAN SZ,YAO HQ,et al,2013.Myxomycete diversity in hilly forests of East China[J].Biodivers Sci,21(4):507-513.[戴群,闫淑珍,姚慧琴,等,2013.华东丘陵林地黏菌的物种多样性[J].生物多样性,21(4):507-513.]
ELIASSON U,1991.The myxomycete biota of the Hawaiian Island[J].Mycol Res,95(3):257-267.
FARR ML,1976.Flora Neotropica Monograph,16.Myxomycetes[M].New York:The New York Botanical Garden:1-305.
HERNA'NDEZ-CRESPO J,LADO C,2014.An on-line nomenclatural information system of Eumycetozoa[EB/OL].http://www.nomen.eumycetozoa.com.
ING B,1987.Myxomycetes from Hong Kong and Southern China[J].Mycotaxon,30:199-201.
KO TWK,STEPHENSON SL,HYDE KD,et al,2010.Patterns of occurrence of myxomycetes on lianas[J].Fung Ecol,3(4):302-310.
LADO C,ESTRADA-TORRES A,STEPHENSON SL,et al,2003.Biodiversity assessment of myxomycetes from two tropical forest reserves in Mexico[J].Fung Divers,12(1):67-110.
LI Y,TOLGOR,LIN W,et al,2002.Notes on tropical myxomycetes from Hainan[J].J Jilin Agric Univ,24(2):15-17.[李玉,图力古尔,林伟,等,2002.海南热带粘菌资源I[J].吉林农业大学学报,24(2):15-17.]
MA KP,LIU YM,1994.Measurement of biotic community diversity.I.αdiversity[J].Biodivers Sci,2(4):231-239.[马克平,刘玉明,1994.生物多样性的测度方法.I.α多样性的测度方法[J].生物多样性,2(4):231-239.]
MA KP,LIU CR,LIU YM,1995.Measurement of biotic community diversity.II.βdiversity[J].Biodivers Sci,3(1):38-43.[马克平,刘灿然,刘玉明,1995.生物多样性的测度方法.II.β多样性的测度方法[J].生物多样性,3(1):38-43.]
NEUBERT H,NOWOTNY W,BAUMANN K,1993.Die Myxomyceten Deutsclands und des angrenzenden Alpenraumes unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung Oesterreichs.Bd.1[M].Gomaringen:Karlheinz Baumann Verlag:1-343.
NEUBERT H,NOWOTNY W,BAUMANN K,1995.Die Myxomyceten Deutsclands und des angrenzenden Alpenraumes unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung Oesterreichs.Bd.2[M].Gomaringen:Karlheinz Baumann Verlag:1-368.
NEUBERT H,NOWOTNY W,BAUMANN K,2000.Die Myxomyceten Deutsclands und des angrenzenden Alpenraumes unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung Oesterreichs.Bd.3[M].Gomaringen:Karlheinz Baumann Verlag:1-391.
PENG Y,WEI H,ZHU W,et al,2007.The application of the Markov model on the dynamic change of landscape pattern in Dinghu Mountain Biosphere Reserve Area[J].Guihaia,27(2):186-190.[彭月,魏虹,朱韦,等,2007.广东鼎湖山自然保护区森林景观的动态模拟研究[J].广西植物,27(2):186-190.]
LIU QS,YAN SZ,DAI JY,et al,2013.Species diversity of corticolous myxomycetes in Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve,China[J].Cana J Microbiol,59(12):803-813.
ROJAS C,STEPHENSON SL,2008.Myxomycete ecology along an elevation gradient on Cocos Island,Costa Rica[J].Fung Divers,29:117-127.
ROJAS C,STEPHENSON SL,2012.A biogeographical evaluation of high-elevation myxomycete assemblages in the northern Neotropics[J].Fung Ecol,5(2):99-113.
ROJAS C,VALVERDE R,STEPHENSON SL,et al,2010.Ecological patterns of Costa Rican myxomycetes[J].Fung Ecol,3(3):139-147.
SCHNITTLER M,LADO C,STEPHENSON SL,2002.Rapid biodiversity assessment of a tropical myxomycete assemblageMaquipucuna Cloud Forest Reserve,Ecuador[J].Fung Divers,9:135-167.
SCHNITTLER M,STEPHENSON SL,2000.Myxomycete biodiversity in four different forest types in Costa Rica[J].Mycologia,92(4):626-637.
SCHNITTLER M,UNTERSEHER M,TESMER J,2006.Species richness and ecological characterization of myxomycetes and myxomycete-like organisms in the canopy of a temperate deciduous forest[J].Mycologia,98(2):223-232.
SONG TP,CHEN SL,2014.Species diversity of myxomycetes in Huanglian Mountain National Nature Reserve of Yunan Province,China[J].J Ecol Rural Environ,30(4):458-463.[宋天鹏,陈双林,2014.黄连山自然保护区黏菌的物种多样性[J].生态与农村环境学报,30(4):458-463.]
STEPHENSON SL,1988.Distribution and ecology of Myxomycetes in temperate forests.I.Patterns of occurrence in the upland forests of southwestern Virginiap[J].CAN J Bot,66(11):2 187-2 207.
STEPHENSON SL,LANDOLT J,MOORE D,1999.Protostelids,dictyostelids and myxomycetes in the litter microhabitat of the luquillo experimental forest,Puerto Rico[J].Mycol Res,103(2):209-214.
STEPHENSON SL,SCHNITTLER M,LADO C,2004a.Ecological characterization of a tropical myxomycete assemblage-Maquipucuna Cloud Forest Reserve,Ecuador[J].Mycologia,96(3):488-497.
STEPHENSON SL,SCHNITTLER M,LADO C,et al,2004b.Studies of neotropical mycetozoans[J].Syst Geogr Plants,74:87-108.
TRAN HTM,STEPHENSON SL,HYDE KD,et al,2006.Distribution and occurrence of myxomycetes in tropical forests of northern Thailand[J].Fung Divers,22(1):227-242.
YAN SZ,LIU QS,LI Y,et al,2012.Known species of myxomycetes from tropical China[J].J Fung Res,10(3):158-172.[闫淑珍,刘歧莎,李玉,等,2012.中国热带黏菌的已知种类[J].菌物研究,10(3):158-172.]