加气灌溉对温室葡萄生长及不同形态氮素吸收利用影响
|
摘要
为探讨地下穴贮滴灌条件下根际注气对"红地球"葡萄幼苗生长及不同形态氮素吸收代谢的影响,以2年生"红地球"葡萄幼苗为试验材料,通过地下穴贮滴灌注气技术和15N示踪技术研究根际注气条件下葡萄对铵态氮(NH+4-N)和硝态氮(NO-3-N)吸收、分配和利用的影响。研究结果表明,地下穴贮滴灌根际注气可促进葡萄新梢增长,茎粗增加,显著提高葡萄新梢、细根等植株干物质量的积累。在同一灌水周期内,地下穴贮滴灌根际注气可提高叶片叶绿素、净光合速率,延缓植株胁迫,但对植株叶片瞬时水分利用效率具有负面影响。通过氮同位素示踪标记表明,地下穴贮滴灌条件下无论是否注气,葡萄新生部位对硝态氮的征调能力、吸收利用效率均显著高于铵态氮;与不注气相比,注气处理可显著促进新生部位对硝态氮的吸收,抑制铵态氮的吸收利用。地下穴贮滴灌根际注气可促进葡萄的生长,提高叶片光合效率,15N示踪表明根际注气并未影响葡萄根系对硝态氮的偏好,在地下穴贮滴灌注气条件下氮素形态宜选择硝态氮作为氮肥来源。
In order to investigate the effect of rhizosphere aeration on NH_4~+-N and NO_3~--N absorption and metabolism of red globe grape seedlings,the experiment was done by taking 2-year old red globe grape seedling as test material,through subsurface drip irrigation(SDI) with tanks technique and15 N tracer technique to study effect of the rhizosphere aeration treatment on plant growth and NH_4~+-N and NO_3~--N absorption,distribution and utilization. The results showed that rhizosphere aeration under SDI with tanks could promote the growth of new shoots,increase the stem diameter,and especially significantly increase the dry matter accumulation of new shoots and fine roots. In the same irrigation period,rhizosphere aeration under SDI with tanks increased the SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of the leaves,but it had negative effects on the instantaneous water use efficiency of the plant leaves. The nitrogen isotope tracer results showed that grape new organs on the NO_3~--N Ritchie ability,absorption and utilization efficiency were significantly higher than that of NH_4~+-N under aeration treatment and without aeration treatment,and the results showed that rhizosphere aeration under SDI with tanks did not affect the nitrate preference of grape plants. The results also showed that gas injection treatment can significantly promote the absorption of nitrate uptake and utilization of new organs,inhibition of ammonium nitrogen,which suggested that nitrate nitrogen should be selected as nitrogen source under the condition of rhizosphere aeration under SDI with tanks.
In order to investigate the effect of rhizosphere aeration on NH_4~+-N and NO_3~--N absorption and metabolism of red globe grape seedlings,the experiment was done by taking 2-year old red globe grape seedling as test material,through subsurface drip irrigation(SDI) with tanks technique and15 N tracer technique to study effect of the rhizosphere aeration treatment on plant growth and NH_4~+-N and NO_3~--N absorption,distribution and utilization. The results showed that rhizosphere aeration under SDI with tanks could promote the growth of new shoots,increase the stem diameter,and especially significantly increase the dry matter accumulation of new shoots and fine roots. In the same irrigation period,rhizosphere aeration under SDI with tanks increased the SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of the leaves,but it had negative effects on the instantaneous water use efficiency of the plant leaves. The nitrogen isotope tracer results showed that grape new organs on the NO_3~--N Ritchie ability,absorption and utilization efficiency were significantly higher than that of NH_4~+-N under aeration treatment and without aeration treatment,and the results showed that rhizosphere aeration under SDI with tanks did not affect the nitrate preference of grape plants. The results also showed that gas injection treatment can significantly promote the absorption of nitrate uptake and utilization of new organs,inhibition of ammonium nitrogen,which suggested that nitrate nitrogen should be selected as nitrogen source under the condition of rhizosphere aeration under SDI with tanks.
引文
1 LU C,TIAN H.Global nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer use for agriculture production in the past half century:shifted hot spots and nutrient imbalance[J].Earth System Science Data,2017,9(1):1-33.
2 TIAN Y,WANG Q,ZHANG W,et al.Reducing environmental risk of excessively fertilized soils and improving cucumber growth by Caragana microphylla-straw compost application in long-term continuous cropping systems[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,544:251-261.
3 CHOI S T,KIM S C,AHN G H,et al.Effects of different leaf-fruit ratios on uptake and partitioning of N and K in‘Uenishiwase’persimmon trees[J].Scientia Horticulture,2016,212:69-73.
4 XING Y,MA X.Effect of different nitrogen forms on tobacco seedling root growth and nitrogen utilization[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2016,22(4):52-61.
5 YUAN X,ZHANG L,NING N,et al.Photosynthetic physiological response of radix isatidis(Isatis indigotica Fort.)seedlings to nicosulfuron[J].Plos One,2014,9(8):e105310.
6杨阳,郑秋玲,裴成国,等.不同硝铵比对霞多丽葡萄幼苗生长和氮素营养的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):370-375.YANG Yang,ZHENG Qiuling,PEI Chengguo,et al.Effects of NO-3-N/NH+4-N ratios on Chardonnay grape seedling growth and nitrogen nutrition[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2010,16(2):370-375.(in Chinese)
7 SMITH P,HABERL H,POPP A,et al.How much land-based greenhouse gas mitigation can be achieved without compromising food security and environmental goals?[J].Global Change Biology,2013,19:2285-2302.
8 JAMPEETONG A,BRIX H.Oxygen stress in Salvinia natans:interactive effects of oxygen availability and nitrogen source[J].Environ Experiment Botany,2009,66:153-159.
9 CAMERON K C,DI H J,MOIR J L.Nitrogen losses from the soil/plant system:a review[J].Annals of Applied Biology,2013,162(162):145-173.
10 LIMAMIA M,DIAB H,LOTHIER J.Nitrogen metabolism in plants under low oxygen stress[J].Planta,2014,239(3):531-541.
11赵霞,徐春梅,王丹英,等.根际溶氧量对分蘖期水稻生长特性及其氮素代谢的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(18):3733-3742.ZHAO Xia,XU Chunmei,WANG Danying,et al.Effect of rhizosphere oxygen on the growth characteristics of rice and its nitrogen metabolism at tillering stage[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(18):3733-3742.(in Chinese)
12胡志华,朱练峰,林育炯,等.根际氧浓度对水稻产量及其氮素利用的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2015,29(4):382-389.HU Zhihua,ZHU Lianfeng,LIN Yujiong,et al.Effects of rhizosphere oxygen concentration on rice grain yield and nitrogen utilization[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2015,29(4):382-389.(in Chinese)
13 NIU W Q,FAN W T,PERSAUD N,et al.Effect of post-irrigation aeration on growth and quality of greenhouse cucumber[J].Pedosphere,2013,23(6):790-798.
14 BEN-NOAH I,FRIEDMAN S P.Aeration of clayey soils by injecting air through subsurface drippers:lysimetric and field experiments[J].Agricultural Water Management,2016,176:222-233.
15 ITYEL E,BEN-GAL A,SILBERBUSH M,et al.Increased root zone oxygen by a capillary barrier is beneficial to bell pepper irrigated with brackish water in an arid region[J].Agricultural Water Management,2014,131:108-114.
16朱艳,蔡焕杰,宋利兵,等.加气灌溉下气候因子和土壤参数对土壤呼吸的影响[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(12):223-232.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20161227&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.12.027.ZHU Yan,CAI Huanjie,SONG Libing,et al.Effects of climatic factors and soil parameters on soil respiration under oxygation conditions[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(12):223-232.(in Chinese)
17李元,牛文全,张明智,等.加气灌溉对大棚甜瓜土壤酶活性与微生物数量的影响[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(8):121-129.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20150818&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.08.018.LI Yuan,NIU Wenquan,ZHANG Mingzhi,et al.Effects of aeration rhizosphere soil enzyme activities and soil microbes for muskmelon plastic greenhouse[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(8):121-129.(in Chinese)
18 PENDERGAST L,BHATTARAI S P,MIDMORE D J.Benefits of oxygation of subsurface drip-irrigation water for cotton in a Vertosol[J].Crop&Pasture Science,2013,64(11-12):1171-1181.
19于坤,郁松林,刘怀锋,等.地下穴贮滴灌系统的设计及其对赤霞珠葡萄生长和水分利用效率的影响[J].果树学报,2014,31(3):386-393.YU Kun,YU Songlin,LIU Huaifeng,et al.Design of underground container of reserving fertilizer and water drip irrigation systerm and its effects on the plant growth and water use efficiency of“Cabernet Sauvignon”Grape[J].Journal of Fruit Science.2014,31(3):386-393.(in Chinese)
20于坤,郁松林,刘怀锋,等.不同根区交替滴灌方式对赤霞珠葡萄幼苗根冠生长的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(4):113-120.YU Kun,YU Songlin,LIU Huaifeng,et al.Effects of alternative partial root-zone drip irrigation on growth of root and shoot of Carbernet Sauvignon grape seedlings[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(4):113-120.(in Chinese)
21于坤,赵丰云,郁松林,等.基于地下穴贮滴灌系统的水肥气一体化设备:201620438446.7[P].2016-05-15.
22 SHAHIEN M M,ABUARAB M E,MAGDY E.Root aeration improves yield and water use efficiency of irrigated potato in sandy clay loam soil[J].International Journal of Advanced Research,2014,2(10):310-320.
23 BHATTARAI S P,MIDMORE D J,PENDERGAST L.Yield,water-use efficiencies and root distribution of soybean:chickpea and pumpkin under different subsurface drip irrigation depths and oxygation treatments in vertisols[J].Irrigation Science,2008,26:439-450.
24 ABUARAB M,MOSTAFA E,IBRAHIM M.Effect of air injection under subsurface drip irrigation on yield and water use efficiency of corn in a sandy clay loam soil[J].Journal of Advanced Research,2013,4(6):493-499.
25 LI Y,NIU W,DYCK M,et al.Yields and nutritional of greenhouse tomato in response to different soil aeration volume at two depths of subsurface drip irrigation[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:39307.
26 LEE J W,LEE B S,KANG J G,et al.Effect of root zone aeration on the growth and bioactivity of cucumber plants cultured in perlite substrate[J].Biologia,2014,69(5):610-617.
27 BAI T,LI C,LI C,et al.Contrasting hypoxia tolerance and adaptation in Malus species is linked to differences in stomatal behavior and photosynthesis[J].Physiologia Plantarum,2013,147(4):514-523.
28 OLIVEIRA H C,SODEK L.Effect of oxygen deficiency on nitrogen assimilation and amino acid metabolism of soybean root segments[J].Amino Acids,2013,44(2):743-755.
29 OLIVEIRA H C,FRESCHI L,SODEK L.Nitrogen metabolism and translocation in soybean plants subjected to root oxygen deficiency[J].Plant Physiology&Biochemistry,2013,66(5):141-149.
30 NIU Wenquan,ZHANG Xuan,JIA Zongxia,et al.Effects of rhizosphere ventilation on soil enzyme activities of potted tomato under different soil water stress[J].Clean-Soil Air Water,2012,40(3):225-232.
31丁宁,彭玲,安欣,等.不同时期施氮矮化苹果对15N的吸收、分配及利用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):572-578.DING Ning,PENG Ling,AN Xin,et al.Absorption,distribution and utilization of dwarf apple trees to15N applied in different growth stages[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer 2016,22(2):572-578.(in Chinese)
32 SHEN J P,ZHANG L M,ZHU Y G.Abundance and composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia oxidizing archaea communities of an alkaline sandy loam under different long-term fertilization practices[J].Environmental Microbiology,2008,10(6):1601-1611.
33王旭洋,范兴科.滴灌条件下施氮时段对土壤氮素分布的影响研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(3):182-189.WANG Xuyang,FAN Xingke.Effect of nitrogen application time on the distribution of soil nitrogen under drip fertigation[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2017,35(3):182-189.(in Chinese)
34 LI Y,JIA Z,NIU W,et al.Effect of post-infiltration soil aeration at different growth stages on growth and fruit quality of dripirrigated potted tomato plants(Solanum lycopersicum)[J].Plos One,2015,10(12):e0143322.
35 HOU H,CHEN H,CAI H,et al.CO2and N2O emissions from Lou soils of greenhouse tomato fields under aerated irrigation[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,132:69-76.
2 TIAN Y,WANG Q,ZHANG W,et al.Reducing environmental risk of excessively fertilized soils and improving cucumber growth by Caragana microphylla-straw compost application in long-term continuous cropping systems[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,544:251-261.
3 CHOI S T,KIM S C,AHN G H,et al.Effects of different leaf-fruit ratios on uptake and partitioning of N and K in‘Uenishiwase’persimmon trees[J].Scientia Horticulture,2016,212:69-73.
4 XING Y,MA X.Effect of different nitrogen forms on tobacco seedling root growth and nitrogen utilization[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2016,22(4):52-61.
5 YUAN X,ZHANG L,NING N,et al.Photosynthetic physiological response of radix isatidis(Isatis indigotica Fort.)seedlings to nicosulfuron[J].Plos One,2014,9(8):e105310.
6杨阳,郑秋玲,裴成国,等.不同硝铵比对霞多丽葡萄幼苗生长和氮素营养的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):370-375.YANG Yang,ZHENG Qiuling,PEI Chengguo,et al.Effects of NO-3-N/NH+4-N ratios on Chardonnay grape seedling growth and nitrogen nutrition[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2010,16(2):370-375.(in Chinese)
7 SMITH P,HABERL H,POPP A,et al.How much land-based greenhouse gas mitigation can be achieved without compromising food security and environmental goals?[J].Global Change Biology,2013,19:2285-2302.
8 JAMPEETONG A,BRIX H.Oxygen stress in Salvinia natans:interactive effects of oxygen availability and nitrogen source[J].Environ Experiment Botany,2009,66:153-159.
9 CAMERON K C,DI H J,MOIR J L.Nitrogen losses from the soil/plant system:a review[J].Annals of Applied Biology,2013,162(162):145-173.
10 LIMAMIA M,DIAB H,LOTHIER J.Nitrogen metabolism in plants under low oxygen stress[J].Planta,2014,239(3):531-541.
11赵霞,徐春梅,王丹英,等.根际溶氧量对分蘖期水稻生长特性及其氮素代谢的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(18):3733-3742.ZHAO Xia,XU Chunmei,WANG Danying,et al.Effect of rhizosphere oxygen on the growth characteristics of rice and its nitrogen metabolism at tillering stage[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(18):3733-3742.(in Chinese)
12胡志华,朱练峰,林育炯,等.根际氧浓度对水稻产量及其氮素利用的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2015,29(4):382-389.HU Zhihua,ZHU Lianfeng,LIN Yujiong,et al.Effects of rhizosphere oxygen concentration on rice grain yield and nitrogen utilization[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2015,29(4):382-389.(in Chinese)
13 NIU W Q,FAN W T,PERSAUD N,et al.Effect of post-irrigation aeration on growth and quality of greenhouse cucumber[J].Pedosphere,2013,23(6):790-798.
14 BEN-NOAH I,FRIEDMAN S P.Aeration of clayey soils by injecting air through subsurface drippers:lysimetric and field experiments[J].Agricultural Water Management,2016,176:222-233.
15 ITYEL E,BEN-GAL A,SILBERBUSH M,et al.Increased root zone oxygen by a capillary barrier is beneficial to bell pepper irrigated with brackish water in an arid region[J].Agricultural Water Management,2014,131:108-114.
16朱艳,蔡焕杰,宋利兵,等.加气灌溉下气候因子和土壤参数对土壤呼吸的影响[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(12):223-232.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20161227&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.12.027.ZHU Yan,CAI Huanjie,SONG Libing,et al.Effects of climatic factors and soil parameters on soil respiration under oxygation conditions[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(12):223-232.(in Chinese)
17李元,牛文全,张明智,等.加气灌溉对大棚甜瓜土壤酶活性与微生物数量的影响[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(8):121-129.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20150818&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.08.018.LI Yuan,NIU Wenquan,ZHANG Mingzhi,et al.Effects of aeration rhizosphere soil enzyme activities and soil microbes for muskmelon plastic greenhouse[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(8):121-129.(in Chinese)
18 PENDERGAST L,BHATTARAI S P,MIDMORE D J.Benefits of oxygation of subsurface drip-irrigation water for cotton in a Vertosol[J].Crop&Pasture Science,2013,64(11-12):1171-1181.
19于坤,郁松林,刘怀锋,等.地下穴贮滴灌系统的设计及其对赤霞珠葡萄生长和水分利用效率的影响[J].果树学报,2014,31(3):386-393.YU Kun,YU Songlin,LIU Huaifeng,et al.Design of underground container of reserving fertilizer and water drip irrigation systerm and its effects on the plant growth and water use efficiency of“Cabernet Sauvignon”Grape[J].Journal of Fruit Science.2014,31(3):386-393.(in Chinese)
20于坤,郁松林,刘怀锋,等.不同根区交替滴灌方式对赤霞珠葡萄幼苗根冠生长的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(4):113-120.YU Kun,YU Songlin,LIU Huaifeng,et al.Effects of alternative partial root-zone drip irrigation on growth of root and shoot of Carbernet Sauvignon grape seedlings[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(4):113-120.(in Chinese)
21于坤,赵丰云,郁松林,等.基于地下穴贮滴灌系统的水肥气一体化设备:201620438446.7[P].2016-05-15.
22 SHAHIEN M M,ABUARAB M E,MAGDY E.Root aeration improves yield and water use efficiency of irrigated potato in sandy clay loam soil[J].International Journal of Advanced Research,2014,2(10):310-320.
23 BHATTARAI S P,MIDMORE D J,PENDERGAST L.Yield,water-use efficiencies and root distribution of soybean:chickpea and pumpkin under different subsurface drip irrigation depths and oxygation treatments in vertisols[J].Irrigation Science,2008,26:439-450.
24 ABUARAB M,MOSTAFA E,IBRAHIM M.Effect of air injection under subsurface drip irrigation on yield and water use efficiency of corn in a sandy clay loam soil[J].Journal of Advanced Research,2013,4(6):493-499.
25 LI Y,NIU W,DYCK M,et al.Yields and nutritional of greenhouse tomato in response to different soil aeration volume at two depths of subsurface drip irrigation[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:39307.
26 LEE J W,LEE B S,KANG J G,et al.Effect of root zone aeration on the growth and bioactivity of cucumber plants cultured in perlite substrate[J].Biologia,2014,69(5):610-617.
27 BAI T,LI C,LI C,et al.Contrasting hypoxia tolerance and adaptation in Malus species is linked to differences in stomatal behavior and photosynthesis[J].Physiologia Plantarum,2013,147(4):514-523.
28 OLIVEIRA H C,SODEK L.Effect of oxygen deficiency on nitrogen assimilation and amino acid metabolism of soybean root segments[J].Amino Acids,2013,44(2):743-755.
29 OLIVEIRA H C,FRESCHI L,SODEK L.Nitrogen metabolism and translocation in soybean plants subjected to root oxygen deficiency[J].Plant Physiology&Biochemistry,2013,66(5):141-149.
30 NIU Wenquan,ZHANG Xuan,JIA Zongxia,et al.Effects of rhizosphere ventilation on soil enzyme activities of potted tomato under different soil water stress[J].Clean-Soil Air Water,2012,40(3):225-232.
31丁宁,彭玲,安欣,等.不同时期施氮矮化苹果对15N的吸收、分配及利用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):572-578.DING Ning,PENG Ling,AN Xin,et al.Absorption,distribution and utilization of dwarf apple trees to15N applied in different growth stages[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer 2016,22(2):572-578.(in Chinese)
32 SHEN J P,ZHANG L M,ZHU Y G.Abundance and composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia oxidizing archaea communities of an alkaline sandy loam under different long-term fertilization practices[J].Environmental Microbiology,2008,10(6):1601-1611.
33王旭洋,范兴科.滴灌条件下施氮时段对土壤氮素分布的影响研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(3):182-189.WANG Xuyang,FAN Xingke.Effect of nitrogen application time on the distribution of soil nitrogen under drip fertigation[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2017,35(3):182-189.(in Chinese)
34 LI Y,JIA Z,NIU W,et al.Effect of post-infiltration soil aeration at different growth stages on growth and fruit quality of dripirrigated potted tomato plants(Solanum lycopersicum)[J].Plos One,2015,10(12):e0143322.
35 HOU H,CHEN H,CAI H,et al.CO2and N2O emissions from Lou soils of greenhouse tomato fields under aerated irrigation[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,132:69-76.