硝酸盐供应水平对平邑甜茶幼苗生长、光合特性与~(15)N吸收、利用的影响
|
摘要
以霍格兰营养液为培养基质,采用~(15)N同位素示踪技术,研究不同浓度~(15)NO_3~--N(0、2.5、5、10和20 mmol·L~-1,分别以N_0、N_1、N_2、N_3和N_4表示)对平邑甜茶幼苗生长、光合作用、~(15)N吸收、利用及分配的影响.结果表明:与其他处理相比,N_2处理幼苗叶绿素含量、叶面积及各器官干质量最大.叶片净光合速率( P _n)随~(15)NO_3~--N浓度的增加显著增大,但~(15)NO_3~--N浓度超过N_2处理后 P _n略有下降.处理20 d时,N_2处理幼苗根系活力最大,根系长度、根系总表面积和根尖数也显著高于其他处理.各处理间~(15)N分配率差异显著,N_2处理幼苗各器官间~(15)N分配率最均衡,~(15)N利用率也较高;随~(15)NO_3~--N浓度增加,各处理幼苗全氮量和~(15)N吸收量呈先升高后降低的趋势,且在N_2处理时最大,分别为103.77和21.57 mg.处理12 d后,叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)活性以N_2处理最高,N_4处理最低,至第16天时,N_4处理较N_2处理降低了84.9%.因此,~(15)NO_3~--N供应过低抑制幼苗光合作用及氮素吸收,~(15)NO_3~--N供应过高则抑制幼苗体内硝态氮同化及根系生长,均不利于苹果幼苗生长及氮素营养吸收利用,适量供氮有利于苹果幼苗的生长、光合作用的提高,以及氮素的吸收、利用和分配.
To explore the effects of different nitrate nitrogen levels( N_0,N_1,N_2,N_3 and N_4 were equivalent to 0,2.5,5,10,20 mmol·L~(-1) ~(15)NO_3~--N,respectively) on the growth,photosynthetic characteristics and ~(15)N absorption,utilization and distribution,Malus hupehensis seedlings were grown in cultural liquid Hoagland by using the ~(15)N-labeled tracer method. The results showed that the leaf chlorophyll content,leaf area and dry mass in different organs were the highest in N_2 treatment. With the increase of ~(15)NO_3~--N application rates,the leaf net photosynthetic rate( P n)significantly increased but tended to decease when the ~(15)NO_3~--N concentration exceeded N2 treatment. In the 20 th day after treatment,the root activity,root length,root surface area and number of tips of seedlings in N_2 treatment were significantly higher than those in the other treatments. The distribution ratio of ~(15)N in different organs was significantly different among those treatments. The relatively balanced distribution ratio of ~(15)N appeared in N_2 treatment,which the ~(15)N utilization rate also reached relatively higher level. The total N content and ~(15)N absorption of seedlings increased at low ~(15)NO_3~--N concentration,reached the highest value in N_2 treatment with 103.77 and 21.57 mg,and then deceased at high ~(15)NO_3~--N concentration. At the 12 th day after treatment,the leaf nitrate reductase( NR) activity was the highest in N2 treatment and the lowest in N4 treatment. The leafnitrate reductase( NR) activity deceased by 84.9% in N_4 treatment compared with N_2 treatment at the 16 th day after treatment. Our findings indicated that the photosynthesis and absorption of nitrate nitrogen were inhibited under low ~(15)NO_3~--N stress,and the assimilation of nitrate nitrogen and root growth were restrained under too much higher ~(15)NO_3~--N level,which was not good for the growth,nitrogen absorption and utilization of apple seedlings. The appropriate nitrogen level could promote plant growth,enhance the photosynthesis and also increase the absorption,utilization and distribution of nitrogen.
To explore the effects of different nitrate nitrogen levels( N_0,N_1,N_2,N_3 and N_4 were equivalent to 0,2.5,5,10,20 mmol·L~(-1) ~(15)NO_3~--N,respectively) on the growth,photosynthetic characteristics and ~(15)N absorption,utilization and distribution,Malus hupehensis seedlings were grown in cultural liquid Hoagland by using the ~(15)N-labeled tracer method. The results showed that the leaf chlorophyll content,leaf area and dry mass in different organs were the highest in N_2 treatment. With the increase of ~(15)NO_3~--N application rates,the leaf net photosynthetic rate( P n)significantly increased but tended to decease when the ~(15)NO_3~--N concentration exceeded N2 treatment. In the 20 th day after treatment,the root activity,root length,root surface area and number of tips of seedlings in N_2 treatment were significantly higher than those in the other treatments. The distribution ratio of ~(15)N in different organs was significantly different among those treatments. The relatively balanced distribution ratio of ~(15)N appeared in N_2 treatment,which the ~(15)N utilization rate also reached relatively higher level. The total N content and ~(15)N absorption of seedlings increased at low ~(15)NO_3~--N concentration,reached the highest value in N_2 treatment with 103.77 and 21.57 mg,and then deceased at high ~(15)NO_3~--N concentration. At the 12 th day after treatment,the leaf nitrate reductase( NR) activity was the highest in N2 treatment and the lowest in N4 treatment. The leafnitrate reductase( NR) activity deceased by 84.9% in N_4 treatment compared with N_2 treatment at the 16 th day after treatment. Our findings indicated that the photosynthesis and absorption of nitrate nitrogen were inhibited under low ~(15)NO_3~--N stress,and the assimilation of nitrate nitrogen and root growth were restrained under too much higher ~(15)NO_3~--N level,which was not good for the growth,nitrogen absorption and utilization of apple seedlings. The appropriate nitrogen level could promote plant growth,enhance the photosynthesis and also increase the absorption,utilization and distribution of nitrogen.
引文
[1]Wang YY,Hsu PK,Tsay YF.Uptake,allocation and signaling of nitrate.Trends in Plant Science,2012,17:458-467
[2]Zhao L(赵靓),Hou Z-A(侯振安),Huang T(黄婷),et al.Study on the nitrogen rate threshhold of maize yield and nitrogen balance in Shihezi,Xinjiang.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science(植物营养与肥料学报),2014,20(4):860-869(in Chinese)
[3]Zhang H-Q(张合琼),Zhang H-M(张汉马),Liang Y-S(梁永书),et al.Research advances of nitrate transporters in plants.Plant Physiology Journal(植物生理学报),2016,52(2):141-149(in Chinese)
[4]Liu T(刘涛),Lu J-W(鲁剑巍),Ren T(任涛),et al.Relationship between photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen allocation in photosynthetic apparatus of winter oilseed rape under different nitrogen levels.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer(植物营养与肥料学报),2016,22(2):518-524(in Chinese)
[5]Han Y-R(韩宇睿),Wang X-F(王秀峰),Yang F-J(杨凤娟),et al.Effects of NO3-stress on photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen metabolism of strawberry seedlings.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2015,26(8):2314-2320(in Chinese)
[6]Sen S,Smith ME,Setter T,et al.Effects of low nitrogen on chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation in maize.African Journal of Agricultural Research,2016,11:1001-1007
[7]Zhang W-F(张旺锋),Gou L(勾玲),Wang Z-L(王振林),et al.Effect of nitrogen on chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves of high-yielding contton in Xinjiang.Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2003,36(8):893-898(in Chinese)
[8]Li J(李晶),Jiang Y-M(姜远茂),Men Y-G(门永阁),et al.Effects of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen on growth and properties of15N distribution of apple trees.Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2013,46(8):3818-3825(in Chinese)
[9]Wang H-N(王海宁),Ge S-F(葛顺峰),Jiang Y-M(姜远茂),et al.Growth characteristics and absorption,distribution and utilization of15NO3--N and15NH4+-N application for five apple rootstocks.Acta Horticulturae Sinica(园艺学报),2012,39(2):343-348(in Chinese)
[10]Kang X-Y(康晓育),Sun X-P(孙协平),Chang C(常聪),et al.Effects of nitrogen forms on growth of different Malus rootstock seedlings.Journal of Northwest A&F University(西北农林科技大学学报),2013,41(6):133-138(in Chinese)
[11]Kou C-L(寇长林),Ju X-T(巨晓棠),Zhang F-S(张福锁).Nitrogen balance and its effects on nitrate-Nconcentration of groundwater in three intensive cropping systems of North China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2005,16(4):660-667(in Chinese)
[12]Liu X-R(刘杏认),Liu J-L(刘建玲),Ren J-Q(任建强).Study on influence factors on nitrate accumulation in vegetables and its control measures.Soil and Fertilizer(土壤肥料),2003(4):3-7(in Chinese)
[13]Cabello P,Roldán MD,Moreno-Vivián C.Nitrate reduction and the nitrogen cycle in archaea.Microbiology,2004,150:3527-3546
[14]Ma X-L(马心灵),Zhu Q-L(朱启林),Geng C-X(耿川雄),et al.Contribution of nutrient uptake and utilization on yield advantage in maize and potato intercropping under different nitrogen application rates.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2017,28(4):1265-1273(in Chinese)
[15]Ding N(丁宁),Jiang Y-M(姜远茂),Peng F-T(彭福田),et al.Effect of topdressing nitrogen application on leaf senescence and15N-urea of absorption,distribution and utilization in potted‘Fuji’apple.Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2012,45(19):4025-4031(in Chinese)
[16]Zhao Z-P(赵佐平),Yan S(闫莎),Liu F(刘芬),et al.Analysis of nitrogen inputs and soil nitrogen loading in different kinds of orchards in Shanxi Province.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2014,34(19):5642-5649(in Chinese)
[17]Li Q-J(李庆军),Tian L-G(田利光),Liu Q-H(刘庆花),et al.Soil acidification condition and cause analysis of Shandong orchard.Shandong Agricultural Sciences(山东农业科学),2011(10):57-59(in Chinese)
[18]Liu L(刘利),Zhang R(张蕊),Yang C(杨超),et al.Effect of sodium molybdate foliar sprays on key enzymes activities of nitrogen metabolism and15Nabsorption,distribution and utilization of strawberry seedlings.Plant Physiology Journal(植物生理学报),2016,52(7):1035-1044(in Chinese)
[19]Li H-S(李合生).Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Experiment.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000(in Chinese)
[20]Zhao S-J(赵世杰),Shi G-A(史国安),Dong X-C(董新纯).Techniques of Plant Physiological Experiment.Beijing:Chinese Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2002(in Chinese)
[21]Li Q(李强),Luo Y-H(罗延宏),Yu D-H(余东海),et al.Effects of low nitrogen stress on photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of maize cultivars tolerant to low nitrogen stress at the seedling stage.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer(植物营养与肥料学报),2015,21(5):1132-1141(in Chinese)
[22]Guo S-L(郭盛磊),Yan X-F(阎秀峰),Bai B(白冰),et al.Effects of nitrogen supply on photosynthesis in larch seedlings.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2005,25(6):1291-1298(in Chinese)
[23]Sun H-W(孙虎威),Wang W-L(王文亮),Liu S-J(刘尚俊),et al.Formation of rice root regulation by nitrogen deficiency.Acta Pedologica Sinica(土壤学报),2014,51(5):1096-1102(in Chinese)
[24]Walch-Liu P,Neumann G,Bangerth F,et al.Rapid effects of nitrogen form on leaf morphogenesis in tobacco.Journal of Experimental Botany,2000,51:227-237
[25]Vos J,Putten PEL.Effects of partial shading of the potato plant on photosynthesis of treated leaves,leaf area expansion and allocation of nitrogen and dry matter in component plant parts.European Journal of Agronomy,2001,14:209-220
[26]Huo C-F(霍常富),Sun H-L(孙海龙),Fan Z-Q(范志强),et al.Physiological process and major regulating factors of nitrogen uptake by plant roots.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2007,18(6):1356-1364(in Chinese)
[27]Wang X-L(汪晓丽),Tao Y-Y(陶玥玥),Sheng H-J(盛海君),et al.Effects of nitrate supply on morphology development and nitrate uptake kinetics of wheat roots.Journal of Triticeae Crops(麦类作物学报),2010,30(1):129-134(in Chinese)
[28]Zhang H,Rong H,Pilbeam D.Signalling mechanisms underlying the morphological responses of the root system to nitrogen in Arabidopsis thaliana.Journal of Experimental Botany,2007,58:2329-2338
[29]Li J(李晶),Jiang Y-M(姜远茂),Wei S-C(魏绍冲),et al.Annual utilization and allocation of urea-13Cby M.hupehensis Rehd.under different N rates.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer(植物营养与肥料学报),2015,21(3):800-806(in Chinese)
[30]Kiba T,Kudo T,Kojima M.Hormonal control of nitrogen acquisition:Roles of auxin,abscisic acid,and cytokinin.Journal of Experimental Botany,2011,62:1399-1409
[31]Men Z-H(门中华),Li S-X(李生秀).Effect of NO3--N concentration on nitrate nitrogen metabolism of winter wheat seedlings under water culture.Guihaia(广西植物),2010,30(4):544-550(in Chinese)
[32]Kovács B,Puskás-Preszner A,Huzsvai L,et al.Effect of molybdenum treatment on molybdenum concentration and nitrate reduction in maize seedlings.Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2015,96:38-44
[33]Zhang J(张军),Zhang H-C(张洪程),Duan X-M(段祥茂),et al.Effects of soil fertility and nitrogen application rates on super rice yield,quality,and nitrogen use efficiency.Acta Agronomica Sinica(作物学报),2011,37(11):2020-2029(in Chinese)
[34]Li Y-T(李燕婷),Mi G-H(米国华),Chen F-J(陈范骏),et al.Genotypic difference of nitrogen recycling between root and shoot of maize seedlings.Plant Physiology Journal(植物生理学报),2001,27(3):226-230(in Chinese)
[35]Miao Y-F(苗艳芳),Li S-X(李生秀),Xu X-F(徐晓峰),et al.Responses of winter wheat to ammonium and nitrate nitrogen.Acta Pedologica Sinica(土壤学报),2014,51(3):564-574(in Chinese)
[36]Zhang C-Y(张超一),Fan X-L(樊小林).Dynamic kinetic characteristics of different ratios of ammonium and nitrate absorbed by banana seedlings.Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2015,48(14):2777-2784(in Chinese)
[37]Qin S-J(秦嗣军),Lyu D-G(吕德国),Li Z-X(李志霞),et al.Effects of different nitrogen forms on root respiratory metabolism and biomass in seedlings of Cerasus sachalinensis.Acta Horticulturae Sinica(园艺学报),2011,38(6):1021-1028(in Chinese)
[2]Zhao L(赵靓),Hou Z-A(侯振安),Huang T(黄婷),et al.Study on the nitrogen rate threshhold of maize yield and nitrogen balance in Shihezi,Xinjiang.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science(植物营养与肥料学报),2014,20(4):860-869(in Chinese)
[3]Zhang H-Q(张合琼),Zhang H-M(张汉马),Liang Y-S(梁永书),et al.Research advances of nitrate transporters in plants.Plant Physiology Journal(植物生理学报),2016,52(2):141-149(in Chinese)
[4]Liu T(刘涛),Lu J-W(鲁剑巍),Ren T(任涛),et al.Relationship between photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen allocation in photosynthetic apparatus of winter oilseed rape under different nitrogen levels.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer(植物营养与肥料学报),2016,22(2):518-524(in Chinese)
[5]Han Y-R(韩宇睿),Wang X-F(王秀峰),Yang F-J(杨凤娟),et al.Effects of NO3-stress on photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen metabolism of strawberry seedlings.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2015,26(8):2314-2320(in Chinese)
[6]Sen S,Smith ME,Setter T,et al.Effects of low nitrogen on chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation in maize.African Journal of Agricultural Research,2016,11:1001-1007
[7]Zhang W-F(张旺锋),Gou L(勾玲),Wang Z-L(王振林),et al.Effect of nitrogen on chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves of high-yielding contton in Xinjiang.Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2003,36(8):893-898(in Chinese)
[8]Li J(李晶),Jiang Y-M(姜远茂),Men Y-G(门永阁),et al.Effects of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen on growth and properties of15N distribution of apple trees.Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2013,46(8):3818-3825(in Chinese)
[9]Wang H-N(王海宁),Ge S-F(葛顺峰),Jiang Y-M(姜远茂),et al.Growth characteristics and absorption,distribution and utilization of15NO3--N and15NH4+-N application for five apple rootstocks.Acta Horticulturae Sinica(园艺学报),2012,39(2):343-348(in Chinese)
[10]Kang X-Y(康晓育),Sun X-P(孙协平),Chang C(常聪),et al.Effects of nitrogen forms on growth of different Malus rootstock seedlings.Journal of Northwest A&F University(西北农林科技大学学报),2013,41(6):133-138(in Chinese)
[11]Kou C-L(寇长林),Ju X-T(巨晓棠),Zhang F-S(张福锁).Nitrogen balance and its effects on nitrate-Nconcentration of groundwater in three intensive cropping systems of North China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2005,16(4):660-667(in Chinese)
[12]Liu X-R(刘杏认),Liu J-L(刘建玲),Ren J-Q(任建强).Study on influence factors on nitrate accumulation in vegetables and its control measures.Soil and Fertilizer(土壤肥料),2003(4):3-7(in Chinese)
[13]Cabello P,Roldán MD,Moreno-Vivián C.Nitrate reduction and the nitrogen cycle in archaea.Microbiology,2004,150:3527-3546
[14]Ma X-L(马心灵),Zhu Q-L(朱启林),Geng C-X(耿川雄),et al.Contribution of nutrient uptake and utilization on yield advantage in maize and potato intercropping under different nitrogen application rates.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2017,28(4):1265-1273(in Chinese)
[15]Ding N(丁宁),Jiang Y-M(姜远茂),Peng F-T(彭福田),et al.Effect of topdressing nitrogen application on leaf senescence and15N-urea of absorption,distribution and utilization in potted‘Fuji’apple.Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2012,45(19):4025-4031(in Chinese)
[16]Zhao Z-P(赵佐平),Yan S(闫莎),Liu F(刘芬),et al.Analysis of nitrogen inputs and soil nitrogen loading in different kinds of orchards in Shanxi Province.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2014,34(19):5642-5649(in Chinese)
[17]Li Q-J(李庆军),Tian L-G(田利光),Liu Q-H(刘庆花),et al.Soil acidification condition and cause analysis of Shandong orchard.Shandong Agricultural Sciences(山东农业科学),2011(10):57-59(in Chinese)
[18]Liu L(刘利),Zhang R(张蕊),Yang C(杨超),et al.Effect of sodium molybdate foliar sprays on key enzymes activities of nitrogen metabolism and15Nabsorption,distribution and utilization of strawberry seedlings.Plant Physiology Journal(植物生理学报),2016,52(7):1035-1044(in Chinese)
[19]Li H-S(李合生).Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Experiment.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000(in Chinese)
[20]Zhao S-J(赵世杰),Shi G-A(史国安),Dong X-C(董新纯).Techniques of Plant Physiological Experiment.Beijing:Chinese Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2002(in Chinese)
[21]Li Q(李强),Luo Y-H(罗延宏),Yu D-H(余东海),et al.Effects of low nitrogen stress on photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of maize cultivars tolerant to low nitrogen stress at the seedling stage.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer(植物营养与肥料学报),2015,21(5):1132-1141(in Chinese)
[22]Guo S-L(郭盛磊),Yan X-F(阎秀峰),Bai B(白冰),et al.Effects of nitrogen supply on photosynthesis in larch seedlings.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2005,25(6):1291-1298(in Chinese)
[23]Sun H-W(孙虎威),Wang W-L(王文亮),Liu S-J(刘尚俊),et al.Formation of rice root regulation by nitrogen deficiency.Acta Pedologica Sinica(土壤学报),2014,51(5):1096-1102(in Chinese)
[24]Walch-Liu P,Neumann G,Bangerth F,et al.Rapid effects of nitrogen form on leaf morphogenesis in tobacco.Journal of Experimental Botany,2000,51:227-237
[25]Vos J,Putten PEL.Effects of partial shading of the potato plant on photosynthesis of treated leaves,leaf area expansion and allocation of nitrogen and dry matter in component plant parts.European Journal of Agronomy,2001,14:209-220
[26]Huo C-F(霍常富),Sun H-L(孙海龙),Fan Z-Q(范志强),et al.Physiological process and major regulating factors of nitrogen uptake by plant roots.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2007,18(6):1356-1364(in Chinese)
[27]Wang X-L(汪晓丽),Tao Y-Y(陶玥玥),Sheng H-J(盛海君),et al.Effects of nitrate supply on morphology development and nitrate uptake kinetics of wheat roots.Journal of Triticeae Crops(麦类作物学报),2010,30(1):129-134(in Chinese)
[28]Zhang H,Rong H,Pilbeam D.Signalling mechanisms underlying the morphological responses of the root system to nitrogen in Arabidopsis thaliana.Journal of Experimental Botany,2007,58:2329-2338
[29]Li J(李晶),Jiang Y-M(姜远茂),Wei S-C(魏绍冲),et al.Annual utilization and allocation of urea-13Cby M.hupehensis Rehd.under different N rates.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer(植物营养与肥料学报),2015,21(3):800-806(in Chinese)
[30]Kiba T,Kudo T,Kojima M.Hormonal control of nitrogen acquisition:Roles of auxin,abscisic acid,and cytokinin.Journal of Experimental Botany,2011,62:1399-1409
[31]Men Z-H(门中华),Li S-X(李生秀).Effect of NO3--N concentration on nitrate nitrogen metabolism of winter wheat seedlings under water culture.Guihaia(广西植物),2010,30(4):544-550(in Chinese)
[32]Kovács B,Puskás-Preszner A,Huzsvai L,et al.Effect of molybdenum treatment on molybdenum concentration and nitrate reduction in maize seedlings.Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2015,96:38-44
[33]Zhang J(张军),Zhang H-C(张洪程),Duan X-M(段祥茂),et al.Effects of soil fertility and nitrogen application rates on super rice yield,quality,and nitrogen use efficiency.Acta Agronomica Sinica(作物学报),2011,37(11):2020-2029(in Chinese)
[34]Li Y-T(李燕婷),Mi G-H(米国华),Chen F-J(陈范骏),et al.Genotypic difference of nitrogen recycling between root and shoot of maize seedlings.Plant Physiology Journal(植物生理学报),2001,27(3):226-230(in Chinese)
[35]Miao Y-F(苗艳芳),Li S-X(李生秀),Xu X-F(徐晓峰),et al.Responses of winter wheat to ammonium and nitrate nitrogen.Acta Pedologica Sinica(土壤学报),2014,51(3):564-574(in Chinese)
[36]Zhang C-Y(张超一),Fan X-L(樊小林).Dynamic kinetic characteristics of different ratios of ammonium and nitrate absorbed by banana seedlings.Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2015,48(14):2777-2784(in Chinese)
[37]Qin S-J(秦嗣军),Lyu D-G(吕德国),Li Z-X(李志霞),et al.Effects of different nitrogen forms on root respiratory metabolism and biomass in seedlings of Cerasus sachalinensis.Acta Horticulturae Sinica(园艺学报),2011,38(6):1021-1028(in Chinese)