基于电磁感应的单摆周期测量装置的研制
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摘要
介绍了一种基于电磁感应的单摆周期测量装置的工作原理、性能和实验结果。该装置由电感式接近开关、数据采集系统、电源和电脑构成。通过模拟量线性电感式接近开关将摆球与接近开关距离的变化转换成电压信号的变化,然后利用数据采集系统采集并在电脑上实时显示与存储。实时显示可以杜绝漏计导致的周期计数错误现象,存储的数据可以进一步分析单摆的摆动情况。由于采集的数据量比较大,数据包含的信息也更丰富。由于电感式接近开关输出的电压信号含有不同频率的成分,尝试利用快速傅里叶变换法处理数据,将时域信号转换成频域信号。利用频谱分析可以排除高频震荡信号对单摆周期测量的影响,确保周期测量准确。利用传统的秒表和基于电磁感应的单摆周期测量装置进行对比实验,测量单摆的周期。实验结果表明:利用传统的秒表测量,相对误差为0.81%;利用基于电磁感应的单摆周期测量装置,相对误差可达0.31%,说明基于电磁感应的单摆周期测量装置的准确度更高。此外,基于电磁感应的单摆周期测量装置具有调节简便、可靠性高等优点,具有一定的推广和使用价值。
The working principle,performance and experimental results of a single pendulum period measuring device based on electromagnetic induction are introduced in this paper.The device is consisted of a inductance approach switch,a data acquisition system,a power supply and a computer.The analog linear inductance approach switch is used to convert the change of the distance between the ball and the close switch to the change of the voltage signal by the analog linear inductive proximity switch,and then the data acquisition system is used to collect and real-time display and store on the computer.Real time display can eliminate the phenomenon of periodic counting errors caused by missed calculations,and the data stored can further analyze the swing of single pendulum.Because of the large amount of data collected,the information contained in the data is more abundant.Because the output voltage signal of the inductance approach switch contains different frequency components,the fast Fourier transform method is used to process the data,and the time domain signal is converted into frequency domain signal.The influence of high-frequency oscillation signal on the measurement of torsion pendulum period can be eliminated by spectrum analysis,and the accuracy of period measurement is ensured.Using the traditional stopwatch and the single pendulum period measurement device based on electromagnetic induction,a comparative experiment is carried out to measure the period of the pendulum.The experimental results show that the relative error of the traditional stopwatch is 0.81%,and the relative error of the single pendulum cycle measuring device based on electromagnetic induction is up to 0.31%,which indicates that the accuracy of the single pendulum cycle measuring device based on electromagnetic induction is higher.In addition,the single pendulum period measurement device based on electromagnetic induction has the advantages of simple adjustment and high reliability.It has certain popularization and application value.
The working principle,performance and experimental results of a single pendulum period measuring device based on electromagnetic induction are introduced in this paper.The device is consisted of a inductance approach switch,a data acquisition system,a power supply and a computer.The analog linear inductance approach switch is used to convert the change of the distance between the ball and the close switch to the change of the voltage signal by the analog linear inductive proximity switch,and then the data acquisition system is used to collect and real-time display and store on the computer.Real time display can eliminate the phenomenon of periodic counting errors caused by missed calculations,and the data stored can further analyze the swing of single pendulum.Because of the large amount of data collected,the information contained in the data is more abundant.Because the output voltage signal of the inductance approach switch contains different frequency components,the fast Fourier transform method is used to process the data,and the time domain signal is converted into frequency domain signal.The influence of high-frequency oscillation signal on the measurement of torsion pendulum period can be eliminated by spectrum analysis,and the accuracy of period measurement is ensured.Using the traditional stopwatch and the single pendulum period measurement device based on electromagnetic induction,a comparative experiment is carried out to measure the period of the pendulum.The experimental results show that the relative error of the traditional stopwatch is 0.81%,and the relative error of the single pendulum cycle measuring device based on electromagnetic induction is up to 0.31%,which indicates that the accuracy of the single pendulum cycle measuring device based on electromagnetic induction is higher.In addition,the single pendulum period measurement device based on electromagnetic induction has the advantages of simple adjustment and high reliability.It has certain popularization and application value.
引文
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[2] 任广军.单摆周期测量方法的改进[J].临沂师专学报,1994,(6):72-73.
[3] 黄晓锋,梅掌荣.单摆实验仪的改进[J].物理与工程,2012,22(05):38-40.
[4] 王占平.精确测量单摆周期[J].物理实验,2006,(10):27-28+30.
[5] 江苏郭兴林.精确测量单摆的周期[N].电子报,2003-11-30(011).
[6] 吴肖,杨友源,周少娜.基于声卡和MMUSE软件的计算机辅助单摆实验[J].实验室研究与探索,2011,30(06):75-76+83.
[7] 岳文东.基于激光传感器的单摆周期测量仪的设计与实现[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2014,(1):119-121.
[8] 朱华,李翠云,周小明,等.智能型单摆测量仪的研制[J].物理实验,2003,(12):20-22.
[9] 刘永顺,朱建刚.智能单摆周期测量仪的研制[J].安阳师范学院学报,2011,(5):132-134+139.
[10] 王殿学,鞠衍清.新型智能单摆实验仪的研制[J].辽东学院学报(自然科学版),2007,(2):110-113.
[11] 李平建.单摆周期测量仪的设计与分析[J].长沙铁道学院学报,1995,(4):100-104.
[12] 王保成,李汉军,方延平.智能单摆实验仪的研制[J].仪表技术,1998,(3):23-25.
[13] 姜先策,张宏菊.利用霍尔开关传感器自制智能型单摆实验仪[J].科技信息,2014,(13):106.
[14] 鲍立峰,徐磊.力学Dislab数据处理系统开发——利用Arduino和霍尔元件研究单摆测重力加速度[J].成都航空职业技术学院学报,2017,33(03):73-75+82.
[15] 王光清,叶普.IHE-1集成霍尔传感器特性与简谐振动实验仪的拓展应用[J].三明高等专科学校学报,2002,(4):12-15.