菱传粉生物学研究
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摘要
以6个菱品种为试材,对花器形态特征、群体花期及单花开花动态、开花时间、柱头可授性、花粉活力、杂交指数及传粉形式等进行观察测定。结果表明:菱花单生,两性,单花花期15 h,群体花期在5～10月,盛花期在7～8月;不同品种在一天中的开花高峰期存在差异;柱头可授期主要在萼片开裂后2 h内,结实率在50%以上;花粉在自然授粉条件下活力可保持7.5 h;以自花授粉为主,同时存在一定程度的无融合生殖和少量异花授粉。
Taking 6 varieties as test material,this paper studied on characteristics of floral organ morphology,population florescence,flowering dynamics of a single flower,flowering time of different types of flower,stigma receptivity,pollen viability,outcrossing index and pollination pattern of water caltrop.The results showed that water caltrop flower was solitary and bisexual.A single flower can bloom for 15 h.The population florescence starts from May to October and full bloom stage is July to August.Different types of water caltrop cultivar have different flowering peaks within a day.The period for stigma to receive pollen is mainly within 2 h after the sepal cracked,and the seed set rate can reach over 50%.Pollen viability can be maintained for 7.5 h under natural conditions.The water caltrop is mainly self-pollinated,and also exists partly apomixes and a small quantity of cross-pollination.
Taking 6 varieties as test material,this paper studied on characteristics of floral organ morphology,population florescence,flowering dynamics of a single flower,flowering time of different types of flower,stigma receptivity,pollen viability,outcrossing index and pollination pattern of water caltrop.The results showed that water caltrop flower was solitary and bisexual.A single flower can bloom for 15 h.The population florescence starts from May to October and full bloom stage is July to August.Different types of water caltrop cultivar have different flowering peaks within a day.The period for stigma to receive pollen is mainly within 2 h after the sepal cracked,and the seed set rate can reach over 50%.Pollen viability can be maintained for 7.5 h under natural conditions.The water caltrop is mainly self-pollinated,and also exists partly apomixes and a small quantity of cross-pollination.
引文
保曙琳,丁小余,常俊,沈洁,唐凤.2004.长江中下游地区菱属植物的DNA分子鉴别.中草药,35(8):926-930.
蔡健.1997.新型菱角食品的加工工艺.四川省食品工业科技(,3):55-56.
丁炳扬,方云亿,张慧明,梁红,越烈.1991.浙江菱属植物花粉形态的研究.植物分类学报,29(2):172-177.
丁炳扬,史美中,胡仁勇,赵丽安,姚晓红.1996a.南湖菱果实的营养成分.植物资源与环境学报,5(2):57-59.
丁炳扬,胡仁勇,史美中,郑朝宗.1996b.菱属植物传粉生物学的初步研究.杭州大学学报:自然科学版,23(3):275-279.
李大辉,施国新,丁小余,周长芳,谢凯彬,常福辰.1999.Cd2+、Hg2+对菱幼苗生长及其超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性的影响.武汉植物学研究,17(3):206-210.
盛占武,孙志高,鄯晋晓.2006.菱角的保健功能及其产品开发进展.食品研究与开发,27(9):160-163.
史美棠.1994.低洼地菱与鲫鱼混养高产农业结构模式.上海农业科技,(1):29.
宋秀珍,胡家祺,方兆登.1981.关于南湖菱的生物学特性和栽培技术的初步探讨.浙江农业科学,(6):300-304,280.
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严素珍,徐祥生.1994.南湖菱幼苗的生长及其形态结构.植物学报,36(s):67-72.
颜素珠.1983.中国水生高等植物图说.北京:科学出版社:121-130.
叶静渊.2001.我国水生蔬菜的栽培起源与分布.长江蔬菜,(s):4-12.
中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.1992.中国植物志.北京:科学出版社.
周家琪,张致平,周根余,刘士荘,陈秉群.1983.南湖菱腋芽的培养.植物生理学通讯,(1):31.
Cook C D K.1993.Aquatic Plant Book//王微勤,游浚,王建波译.世界水生植物.武汉:武汉大学出版社:286-287.
Dafni A.1992.Pollination ecology.New York:Oxford Univ Press:1-57.
Kadono Y,Schneider E L.1986.Floral biology of Trapa natans var.japonica.Bot Mag Tokyo,99:435-439.
蔡健.1997.新型菱角食品的加工工艺.四川省食品工业科技(,3):55-56.
丁炳扬,方云亿,张慧明,梁红,越烈.1991.浙江菱属植物花粉形态的研究.植物分类学报,29(2):172-177.
丁炳扬,史美中,胡仁勇,赵丽安,姚晓红.1996a.南湖菱果实的营养成分.植物资源与环境学报,5(2):57-59.
丁炳扬,胡仁勇,史美中,郑朝宗.1996b.菱属植物传粉生物学的初步研究.杭州大学学报:自然科学版,23(3):275-279.
李大辉,施国新,丁小余,周长芳,谢凯彬,常福辰.1999.Cd2+、Hg2+对菱幼苗生长及其超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性的影响.武汉植物学研究,17(3):206-210.
盛占武,孙志高,鄯晋晓.2006.菱角的保健功能及其产品开发进展.食品研究与开发,27(9):160-163.
史美棠.1994.低洼地菱与鲫鱼混养高产农业结构模式.上海农业科技,(1):29.
宋秀珍,胡家祺,方兆登.1981.关于南湖菱的生物学特性和栽培技术的初步探讨.浙江农业科学,(6):300-304,280.
王英强,张奠湘,陈忠毅.2005.草豆蔻传粉生物学的研究.植物分类学报,43(1):37-49.
严素珍,徐祥生.1994.南湖菱幼苗的生长及其形态结构.植物学报,36(s):67-72.
颜素珠.1983.中国水生高等植物图说.北京:科学出版社:121-130.
叶静渊.2001.我国水生蔬菜的栽培起源与分布.长江蔬菜,(s):4-12.
中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.1992.中国植物志.北京:科学出版社.
周家琪,张致平,周根余,刘士荘,陈秉群.1983.南湖菱腋芽的培养.植物生理学通讯,(1):31.
Cook C D K.1993.Aquatic Plant Book//王微勤,游浚,王建波译.世界水生植物.武汉:武汉大学出版社:286-287.
Dafni A.1992.Pollination ecology.New York:Oxford Univ Press:1-57.
Kadono Y,Schneider E L.1986.Floral biology of Trapa natans var.japonica.Bot Mag Tokyo,99:435-439.