Response of soil Olsen-P to P budget under different long-term fertilization treatments in a fluvo-aquic soil
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摘要
The concentration of soil Olsen-P is rapidly increasing in many parts of China, where P budget(P input minus P output) is the main factor influencing soil Olsen-P. Understanding the relationship between soil Olsen-P and P budget is useful in estimating soil Olsen-P content and conducting P management strategies. To address this, a long-term experiment(1991–2011) was performed on a fluvo-aquic soil in Beijing, China, where seven fertilization treatments were used to study the response of soil Olsen-P to P budget. The results showed that the relationship between the decrease in soil Olsen-P and P deficit could be simulated by a simple linear model. In treatments without P fertilization(CK, N, and NK), soil Olsen-P decreased by 2.4, 1.9, and 1.4 mg kg~(–1) for every 100 kg ha~(–1) of P deficit, respectively. Under conditions of P addition, the relationship between the increase in soil Olsen-P and P surplus could be divided into two stages. When P surplus was lower than the range of 729–884 kg ha~(–1), soil Olsen-P fluctuated over the course of the experimental period with chemical fertilizers(NP and NPK), and increased by 5.0 and 2.0 mg kg~(–1), respectively, when treated with chemical fertilizers combined with manure(NPKM and 1.5 NPKM) for every 100 kg ha~(–1) of P surplus. When P surplus was higher than the range of 729–884 kg ha~(–1), soil Olsen-P increased by 49.0 and 37.0 mg kg~(–1) in NPKM and 1.5 NPKM treatments, respectively, for every 100 kg ha~(–1) P surplus. The relationship between the increase in soil Olsen-P and P surplus could be simulated by two-segment linear models. The cumulative P budget at the turning point was defined as the "storage threshold" of a fluvo-aquic soil in Beijing, and the storage thresholds under NPKM and 1.5 NPKM were 729 and 884 kg ha~(–1)P for more adsorption sites. According to the critical soil P values(CPVs) and the relationship between soil Olsen-P and P budget, the quantity of P fertilizers for winter wheat could be increased and that of summer maize could be decreased based on the results of treatments in chemical fertilization. Additionally, when chemical fertilizers are combined with manures(NPKM and 1.5 NPKM), it could take approximately 9–11 years for soil Olsen-P to decrease to the critical soil P values of crops grown in the absence of P fertilizer.
The concentration of soil Olsen-P is rapidly increasing in many parts of China, where P budget(P input minus P output) is the main factor influencing soil Olsen-P. Understanding the relationship between soil Olsen-P and P budget is useful in estimating soil Olsen-P content and conducting P management strategies. To address this, a long-term experiment(1991–2011) was performed on a fluvo-aquic soil in Beijing, China, where seven fertilization treatments were used to study the response of soil Olsen-P to P budget. The results showed that the relationship between the decrease in soil Olsen-P and P deficit could be simulated by a simple linear model. In treatments without P fertilization(CK, N, and NK), soil Olsen-P decreased by 2.4, 1.9, and 1.4 mg kg~(–1) for every 100 kg ha~(–1) of P deficit, respectively. Under conditions of P addition, the relationship between the increase in soil Olsen-P and P surplus could be divided into two stages. When P surplus was lower than the range of 729–884 kg ha~(–1), soil Olsen-P fluctuated over the course of the experimental period with chemical fertilizers(NP and NPK), and increased by 5.0 and 2.0 mg kg~(–1), respectively, when treated with chemical fertilizers combined with manure(NPKM and 1.5 NPKM) for every 100 kg ha~(–1) of P surplus. When P surplus was higher than the range of 729–884 kg ha~(–1), soil Olsen-P increased by 49.0 and 37.0 mg kg~(–1) in NPKM and 1.5 NPKM treatments, respectively, for every 100 kg ha~(–1) P surplus. The relationship between the increase in soil Olsen-P and P surplus could be simulated by two-segment linear models. The cumulative P budget at the turning point was defined as the "storage threshold" of a fluvo-aquic soil in Beijing, and the storage thresholds under NPKM and 1.5 NPKM were 729 and 884 kg ha~(–1)P for more adsorption sites. According to the critical soil P values(CPVs) and the relationship between soil Olsen-P and P budget, the quantity of P fertilizers for winter wheat could be increased and that of summer maize could be decreased based on the results of treatments in chemical fertilization. Additionally, when chemical fertilizers are combined with manures(NPKM and 1.5 NPKM), it could take approximately 9–11 years for soil Olsen-P to decrease to the critical soil P values of crops grown in the absence of P fertilizer.
The concentration of soil Olsen-P is rapidly increasing in many parts of China, where P budget(P input minus P output) is the main factor influencing soil Olsen-P. Understanding the relationship between soil Olsen-P and P budget is useful in estimating soil Olsen-P content and conducting P management strategies. To address this, a long-term experiment(1991–2011) was performed on a fluvo-aquic soil in Beijing, China, where seven fertilization treatments were used to study the response of soil Olsen-P to P budget. The results showed that the relationship between the decrease in soil Olsen-P and P deficit could be simulated by a simple linear model. In treatments without P fertilization(CK, N, and NK), soil Olsen-P decreased by 2.4, 1.9, and 1.4 mg kg~(–1) for every 100 kg ha~(–1) of P deficit, respectively. Under conditions of P addition, the relationship between the increase in soil Olsen-P and P surplus could be divided into two stages. When P surplus was lower than the range of 729–884 kg ha~(–1), soil Olsen-P fluctuated over the course of the experimental period with chemical fertilizers(NP and NPK), and increased by 5.0 and 2.0 mg kg~(–1), respectively, when treated with chemical fertilizers combined with manure(NPKM and 1.5 NPKM) for every 100 kg ha~(–1) of P surplus. When P surplus was higher than the range of 729–884 kg ha~(–1), soil Olsen-P increased by 49.0 and 37.0 mg kg~(–1) in NPKM and 1.5 NPKM treatments, respectively, for every 100 kg ha~(–1) P surplus. The relationship between the increase in soil Olsen-P and P surplus could be simulated by two-segment linear models. The cumulative P budget at the turning point was defined as the "storage threshold" of a fluvo-aquic soil in Beijing, and the storage thresholds under NPKM and 1.5 NPKM were 729 and 884 kg ha~(–1)P for more adsorption sites. According to the critical soil P values(CPVs) and the relationship between soil Olsen-P and P budget, the quantity of P fertilizers for winter wheat could be increased and that of summer maize could be decreased based on the results of treatments in chemical fertilization. Additionally, when chemical fertilizers are combined with manures(NPKM and 1.5 NPKM), it could take approximately 9–11 years for soil Olsen-P to decrease to the critical soil P values of crops grown in the absence of P fertilizer.
引文
Arai Y,Sparks D L.2007.Phosphate reaction dynamics in soils and soil minerals:A multiscale approach.Advance in Agronomy,94,135-179.
Aslam M,Hussain N,Zubair M,Hussain S B,Baloch M S.2010.Integration of organic and inorganic sources of phosphorus for increased productivity of mungbean(Vigna radiata).Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences,47,111-114.
Aulakh M S,Garg A K,Kabba B S.2007.Phosphorus accumulation,leaching and residual effects on crop yields from long-term applications in the subtropics.Soil Use Management,23,417-427.
Bai Z H,Li H G,Yang X Y,Zhou B K,Shi X J,Wang B R,Li D C,Shen J B,Chen Q,Qin W,Oenema O,Zhang F S.2013.The critical soil P levels for crop yield,soil fertility and environmental safety in different soil types.Plant and Soil,372,27-37.
Barrow N J,Shaw T C.1979.Effects of ionic strength and nature of the cation on desorption of phosphate from soil.European Journal of Soil Science,30,53-65.
Blake L,Johnston A E,Poulton P R,Goulding K W T.2003.Changes in soil phosphorus fractions following positive and negative phosphorus balances for long periods.Plant and Soil,254,245-261.
Cao N,Chen X,Cui Z,Zhang F S.2012.Change in soil available phosphorus in relation to the phosphorus budget in China.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,94,161-170.
Colomb B,Debaeke P,Jouany C,Nolot J M.2007.Phosphorus management in low stockless cropping systems:crop and soil responses to contrasting P regimes in a 36-year experiment in southern France.European Journal of Agronomy,26,154-165.
Delgado A,Torrent J.2000.Phosphorus forms and desorption patterns in heavily fertilized calcareous and limed acid soils.Soil Science Society of America Journal,64,2031-2037.
Ding X D,Wei C B,Wang X Y,Li S Y.2014.Phosphorus leaching risk assessment with manure fertilizer application in South China.Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,93,120-125.
Fan J,Hao M D,Tang T H.2001.Effent of long-term fertilization on nutrient distribution on profiles of black loessial soil.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,7,249-254.(in Chinese)
Farhad W,Saleem M F,Cheema M A,Hammad H M.2009.Effect of poultry manure levels on the productivity of spring maize(Zea mays L.).Journal of Animal and Plant Science,19,122-125.
Grant C,Bittman M,Montreal M,Plenchette C,Morel C.2005.Soil and fertilizer phosphorus:Effects on plant P supply and mycorrhizal development.Canadian Journal of Soil Science,85,3-14.
Haynes R J,Naidu R.1998.Influence of line,fertilizer and manure applications on soil organic matter content and soil physical conditions:A review.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystem,51,123-137.
He P,Yang L P,Xu X P,Zhao S C,Chen F,Li S T,Tu S H,Jin J Y,Adrian M J.2015.Temporal and spatial variation of soil available potassium in China(1990-2012).Field Crops Research,173,49-56.
Henry F W,Sanjayan S,Alan P M,Aaron J G.2016.Soil phosphorus spatial variability due to landform,tillage,and input management:A case study of small watersheds in southwestern Manitoba.Geoderma,280,14-21.
Huang S M.2006.Studies on fertility evolution and sustainable utilization of fluvo-aquic soil under different long-term fertilization patterns.Ph D thesis,Henan Agricultural University,China.(in Chinese)
Jihoon K,Aziz A,Dean H,Deanna L.2011.Phosphorus leaching in a sandy soil as affected by organic and inorganic fertilizer sources.Geoderma,161,194-201.
Johnston A E.2000.Soil and Plant Phosphate.International Fertilizer Industry Association Press,Pairs.pp.27-29.
Johnston A E,Poulton P R,White R P.2013.Plant-available soil phosphorus.Part II:The response of arable crops to Olsen P on a sandy clay loam and a silty clay loam.Soil Use and Management,29,12-21.
Li L,Li X H,Li X Y,Li Y T,Zhao B Q.2005.Effect of long-term fertilization on accumulation,transformation and availability of phosphorus in fluvo-aquic soil.Soils and Fertilizers,3,32-35.(in Chinese)
Li M,Hu Z Y,Zhu X Q,Zhou G H.2015.Risk of phosphorus leaching from phosphorus-enriched soils in Dianchi catchment,Southwestern China.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,22,8460-8470.
Liu J L,Zhang F S.2000.Dynamics of soil P pool in a longterm fertilizing experiment of wheat-maize rotation I.Crop yield of effect of fertilizer P and dynamics of soil total Pand inorganic P.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,11,360-364.(in Chinese)
Lou Y S,Li Z P,Zhang T L.2005.Change in available P content in paddy soils as affected by phosphate fertilization and soil moisture regime.Soil,37,640-644.(in Chinese)
Lu R K.2000.Methods of Agricultural Chemical Analysis of Soil.China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,China.(in Chinese)
Lu R K,Shi Z Y,Lai Q W.2000.Nutrient descend in red soil with long-term fertilization.Soils,32,27-29.(in Chinese)
Maguire R O,Sims J T.2002.Soil testing to predict phosphorus leaching.Journal of Environmental Quality,31,1601-1609.
Mallarino A P,Blackmer A M.1992.Comparison of methods for determining critical concentrations of soil test phosphorus for corn.Agronomy Journal,84,850-856.
Manitranirina H,Thierry B,Lilia R,Frederic G.2017.Geochemical and microbial controls of the effect of citrate on phosphorus availability in a ferralsol.Geoderma,291,33-39.
Messiga A J,Ziadi N,Plénet D,Parent L E,Morel C.2010.Longterm changes in soil phosphorus status related to P budgets under maize monoculture and mineral P fertilization.Soil Use and Management,26,354-364.
Muhammad A M,Petra M,Khalid S K.2012.Addition of organic and inorganic P sources to soil effects on P pools and microorganisms.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,49,106-113.
NBSC(National Bureau of Statistics of China).2012.China Statistical Yearbook.China Statistics Press,China.(in Chinese)
Opala P A,Okalebo J R,Othieno C O,Kisinyo P.2010.Effect of organic and inorganic phosphorus sources on maize yields in an acid soil in western Kenya.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystem,86,317-329.
Pierzynski G M,Mc Dowell R W,Sims J T.2005.Chemistry,cycling,and potential moment of inorganic phosphorus in soils.In:Sims J T,Sharpley A N,eds.,Phosphorus:Agriculture and the Environment.American Society of Agronomy,Crop Science Society of America,Soil Science Society of America,Madison.pp.53-86.
Poulton P R,Johnston A E,White R P.2013.Plant-available soil phosphorus.Part I:The response of winter wheat and spring barley to Olsen P on a silty clay loam.Soil Use and Management,29,4-11.
Qu J F,Li M J,Xu M G,Dai J J.2008.Total-P and Olsen-Pdynamics of long-term experiment without fertilization.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,14,90-98.(in Chinese)
Requejo M I,Eichler-L?bermann B.2014.Organic and inorganic phosphorus forms in soil as affected by longterm application of organic amendment.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystem,100,245-255.
Roberts T L,Johnston A E.2015.Phosphorus use efficiency and management in agriculture.Resources,Conservation and Recycling,105,275-281.
Schachtman D P,Reid R J,Ayling S M.1998.Phosphorus uptake by plants:From soil to cell.Plant Physiology,116,447-453.
Sharma S B,Sayyed R Z,Trivedi M H,Gobi T A.2013.Phosphate solubilizing microbes:Sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils.SpringerPlus,2,587.
Sharpley A N,Tunney H.2000.Phosphorus research strategies to meet agricultural and environmental challenges of the21st century.Journal of Environmental Quality,29,176.
Shen P.2014.Evolution characteristics and mechanisms of soil available phosphorus in typical croplands under long-term fertilization.Ph D thesis.Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China.(in Chinese)
Shen P,Xu M G,Zhang H M,Yang X Y,Huang S X,Zhang S X,He X H.2014.Long-term response of soil Olsen Pand organic C to the depletion or addition of chemical and organic fertilizers.Catena,118,20-27.
Shuai X F,Yost R S,Smyth T J.2011.Predicting soil phosphorus fertilizer rate using hierarchical segmented regression models.Soil Science,176,303-306.
Tang X,Li J M,Ma Y B,Hao X Y,Li X Y.2008.Phosphorus efficiency in long-term(15 years)wheat-maize cropping systems with various soil and climate conditions.Field Crops Research,108,231-237.
Tang X,Ma Y B,Hao X Y,Li X Y,Li J M,Huang S M,Yang X Y.2009.Determining critical values of soil Olsen-P for maize and winter wheat from long-term experiments in China.Plant and Soil,323,143-151.
Whalen J K,Chang C.2001.Phosphorus accumulation in cultivated soils from long-term annual applications of cattle feedlot manure.Journal of Environmental Quality,30,229-237.
Xi B,Zhai L M,Liu J,Liu S,Wang H Y,Luo C Y,Ren T Z,Liu H B.2016.Long-term phosphorus accumulation and agronomic and environmental critical phosphorus levels in Haplic Luvisol soil,northern China.Journal of Integrative Agriculture,15,200-208.
Xu M G,Zhang W J,Huang S M.2015.Fertility Evolution of China’s Soil.China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,China.(in Chinese)
Yang J,Gao W,Ren S R.2015.Response of soil phosphorus to P balance under long-term fertilization in fluvo-aquic soil.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,48,4738-4747.(in Chinese)
Yang X Y,Li S X,Brooked P C.2004.Phosphorus distribution and leaching in loessial soil profile with long-term fertilization under irrigation and rainfed condition.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,10,250-254.(in Chinese)
Yang Z X,Zhou H P,Xie W Y,Guan C L,Che L.2015.Response of Olsen-P to P balance in cinnamon soil under long-term fertilization.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,21,1529-1535.(in Chinese)
Yuan T Y,Wang J Z,Ji J H,Niu J Y,Mu L.2017.Changes in soil available phosphorus and its response to phosphorus balance under long-term fertilization in fluvo-aquic soil.Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,31,0125-0134.(in Chinese)
Zhan X,Zhang L,Zhou B,Zhu P,Zhang S,Xu M.2015.Changes in Olsen phosphorus concentration and its response to phosphorus balance in black soils under different long-term fertilization patterns.PLoS ONE,10,e0131713.
Aslam M,Hussain N,Zubair M,Hussain S B,Baloch M S.2010.Integration of organic and inorganic sources of phosphorus for increased productivity of mungbean(Vigna radiata).Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences,47,111-114.
Aulakh M S,Garg A K,Kabba B S.2007.Phosphorus accumulation,leaching and residual effects on crop yields from long-term applications in the subtropics.Soil Use Management,23,417-427.
Bai Z H,Li H G,Yang X Y,Zhou B K,Shi X J,Wang B R,Li D C,Shen J B,Chen Q,Qin W,Oenema O,Zhang F S.2013.The critical soil P levels for crop yield,soil fertility and environmental safety in different soil types.Plant and Soil,372,27-37.
Barrow N J,Shaw T C.1979.Effects of ionic strength and nature of the cation on desorption of phosphate from soil.European Journal of Soil Science,30,53-65.
Blake L,Johnston A E,Poulton P R,Goulding K W T.2003.Changes in soil phosphorus fractions following positive and negative phosphorus balances for long periods.Plant and Soil,254,245-261.
Cao N,Chen X,Cui Z,Zhang F S.2012.Change in soil available phosphorus in relation to the phosphorus budget in China.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,94,161-170.
Colomb B,Debaeke P,Jouany C,Nolot J M.2007.Phosphorus management in low stockless cropping systems:crop and soil responses to contrasting P regimes in a 36-year experiment in southern France.European Journal of Agronomy,26,154-165.
Delgado A,Torrent J.2000.Phosphorus forms and desorption patterns in heavily fertilized calcareous and limed acid soils.Soil Science Society of America Journal,64,2031-2037.
Ding X D,Wei C B,Wang X Y,Li S Y.2014.Phosphorus leaching risk assessment with manure fertilizer application in South China.Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,93,120-125.
Fan J,Hao M D,Tang T H.2001.Effent of long-term fertilization on nutrient distribution on profiles of black loessial soil.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,7,249-254.(in Chinese)
Farhad W,Saleem M F,Cheema M A,Hammad H M.2009.Effect of poultry manure levels on the productivity of spring maize(Zea mays L.).Journal of Animal and Plant Science,19,122-125.
Grant C,Bittman M,Montreal M,Plenchette C,Morel C.2005.Soil and fertilizer phosphorus:Effects on plant P supply and mycorrhizal development.Canadian Journal of Soil Science,85,3-14.
Haynes R J,Naidu R.1998.Influence of line,fertilizer and manure applications on soil organic matter content and soil physical conditions:A review.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystem,51,123-137.
He P,Yang L P,Xu X P,Zhao S C,Chen F,Li S T,Tu S H,Jin J Y,Adrian M J.2015.Temporal and spatial variation of soil available potassium in China(1990-2012).Field Crops Research,173,49-56.
Henry F W,Sanjayan S,Alan P M,Aaron J G.2016.Soil phosphorus spatial variability due to landform,tillage,and input management:A case study of small watersheds in southwestern Manitoba.Geoderma,280,14-21.
Huang S M.2006.Studies on fertility evolution and sustainable utilization of fluvo-aquic soil under different long-term fertilization patterns.Ph D thesis,Henan Agricultural University,China.(in Chinese)
Jihoon K,Aziz A,Dean H,Deanna L.2011.Phosphorus leaching in a sandy soil as affected by organic and inorganic fertilizer sources.Geoderma,161,194-201.
Johnston A E.2000.Soil and Plant Phosphate.International Fertilizer Industry Association Press,Pairs.pp.27-29.
Johnston A E,Poulton P R,White R P.2013.Plant-available soil phosphorus.Part II:The response of arable crops to Olsen P on a sandy clay loam and a silty clay loam.Soil Use and Management,29,12-21.
Li L,Li X H,Li X Y,Li Y T,Zhao B Q.2005.Effect of long-term fertilization on accumulation,transformation and availability of phosphorus in fluvo-aquic soil.Soils and Fertilizers,3,32-35.(in Chinese)
Li M,Hu Z Y,Zhu X Q,Zhou G H.2015.Risk of phosphorus leaching from phosphorus-enriched soils in Dianchi catchment,Southwestern China.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,22,8460-8470.
Liu J L,Zhang F S.2000.Dynamics of soil P pool in a longterm fertilizing experiment of wheat-maize rotation I.Crop yield of effect of fertilizer P and dynamics of soil total Pand inorganic P.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,11,360-364.(in Chinese)
Lou Y S,Li Z P,Zhang T L.2005.Change in available P content in paddy soils as affected by phosphate fertilization and soil moisture regime.Soil,37,640-644.(in Chinese)
Lu R K.2000.Methods of Agricultural Chemical Analysis of Soil.China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,China.(in Chinese)
Lu R K,Shi Z Y,Lai Q W.2000.Nutrient descend in red soil with long-term fertilization.Soils,32,27-29.(in Chinese)
Maguire R O,Sims J T.2002.Soil testing to predict phosphorus leaching.Journal of Environmental Quality,31,1601-1609.
Mallarino A P,Blackmer A M.1992.Comparison of methods for determining critical concentrations of soil test phosphorus for corn.Agronomy Journal,84,850-856.
Manitranirina H,Thierry B,Lilia R,Frederic G.2017.Geochemical and microbial controls of the effect of citrate on phosphorus availability in a ferralsol.Geoderma,291,33-39.
Messiga A J,Ziadi N,Plénet D,Parent L E,Morel C.2010.Longterm changes in soil phosphorus status related to P budgets under maize monoculture and mineral P fertilization.Soil Use and Management,26,354-364.
Muhammad A M,Petra M,Khalid S K.2012.Addition of organic and inorganic P sources to soil effects on P pools and microorganisms.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,49,106-113.
NBSC(National Bureau of Statistics of China).2012.China Statistical Yearbook.China Statistics Press,China.(in Chinese)
Opala P A,Okalebo J R,Othieno C O,Kisinyo P.2010.Effect of organic and inorganic phosphorus sources on maize yields in an acid soil in western Kenya.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystem,86,317-329.
Pierzynski G M,Mc Dowell R W,Sims J T.2005.Chemistry,cycling,and potential moment of inorganic phosphorus in soils.In:Sims J T,Sharpley A N,eds.,Phosphorus:Agriculture and the Environment.American Society of Agronomy,Crop Science Society of America,Soil Science Society of America,Madison.pp.53-86.
Poulton P R,Johnston A E,White R P.2013.Plant-available soil phosphorus.Part I:The response of winter wheat and spring barley to Olsen P on a silty clay loam.Soil Use and Management,29,4-11.
Qu J F,Li M J,Xu M G,Dai J J.2008.Total-P and Olsen-Pdynamics of long-term experiment without fertilization.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,14,90-98.(in Chinese)
Requejo M I,Eichler-L?bermann B.2014.Organic and inorganic phosphorus forms in soil as affected by longterm application of organic amendment.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystem,100,245-255.
Roberts T L,Johnston A E.2015.Phosphorus use efficiency and management in agriculture.Resources,Conservation and Recycling,105,275-281.
Schachtman D P,Reid R J,Ayling S M.1998.Phosphorus uptake by plants:From soil to cell.Plant Physiology,116,447-453.
Sharma S B,Sayyed R Z,Trivedi M H,Gobi T A.2013.Phosphate solubilizing microbes:Sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils.SpringerPlus,2,587.
Sharpley A N,Tunney H.2000.Phosphorus research strategies to meet agricultural and environmental challenges of the21st century.Journal of Environmental Quality,29,176.
Shen P.2014.Evolution characteristics and mechanisms of soil available phosphorus in typical croplands under long-term fertilization.Ph D thesis.Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China.(in Chinese)
Shen P,Xu M G,Zhang H M,Yang X Y,Huang S X,Zhang S X,He X H.2014.Long-term response of soil Olsen Pand organic C to the depletion or addition of chemical and organic fertilizers.Catena,118,20-27.
Shuai X F,Yost R S,Smyth T J.2011.Predicting soil phosphorus fertilizer rate using hierarchical segmented regression models.Soil Science,176,303-306.
Tang X,Li J M,Ma Y B,Hao X Y,Li X Y.2008.Phosphorus efficiency in long-term(15 years)wheat-maize cropping systems with various soil and climate conditions.Field Crops Research,108,231-237.
Tang X,Ma Y B,Hao X Y,Li X Y,Li J M,Huang S M,Yang X Y.2009.Determining critical values of soil Olsen-P for maize and winter wheat from long-term experiments in China.Plant and Soil,323,143-151.
Whalen J K,Chang C.2001.Phosphorus accumulation in cultivated soils from long-term annual applications of cattle feedlot manure.Journal of Environmental Quality,30,229-237.
Xi B,Zhai L M,Liu J,Liu S,Wang H Y,Luo C Y,Ren T Z,Liu H B.2016.Long-term phosphorus accumulation and agronomic and environmental critical phosphorus levels in Haplic Luvisol soil,northern China.Journal of Integrative Agriculture,15,200-208.
Xu M G,Zhang W J,Huang S M.2015.Fertility Evolution of China’s Soil.China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,China.(in Chinese)
Yang J,Gao W,Ren S R.2015.Response of soil phosphorus to P balance under long-term fertilization in fluvo-aquic soil.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,48,4738-4747.(in Chinese)
Yang X Y,Li S X,Brooked P C.2004.Phosphorus distribution and leaching in loessial soil profile with long-term fertilization under irrigation and rainfed condition.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,10,250-254.(in Chinese)
Yang Z X,Zhou H P,Xie W Y,Guan C L,Che L.2015.Response of Olsen-P to P balance in cinnamon soil under long-term fertilization.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,21,1529-1535.(in Chinese)
Yuan T Y,Wang J Z,Ji J H,Niu J Y,Mu L.2017.Changes in soil available phosphorus and its response to phosphorus balance under long-term fertilization in fluvo-aquic soil.Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,31,0125-0134.(in Chinese)
Zhan X,Zhang L,Zhou B,Zhu P,Zhang S,Xu M.2015.Changes in Olsen phosphorus concentration and its response to phosphorus balance in black soils under different long-term fertilization patterns.PLoS ONE,10,e0131713.