数据重构提高τ-p变换的精度
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摘要
地震数据采样密度及近远道数据不足时,常规τ-p变换算法易出现假频和端点效应,影响τ-p变换的精度,进而影响地震资料处理的效果。本文对τ-p变换算法进行了改进,在τ-p变换前,使用F-K域道内插和道集外推的方法重构地震数据,通过加密地震数据和外推近远道数据的方式改善了τ-p变换效果。理论模型试算和实际数据证实,改进后的τ-p变换方法具有可靠性高、压制假频和端点效应等优点。
When seismic data sampling density and near-and-far channel data are insufficient, there are troubles of false frequency and port effect existing in traditional τ-p transform algorithm, which affect the precision of τ-p transform and the effect of seismic data processing. In this paper, we improve τ-p transform algorithm, we reconstruction of seismic data before traditional τ-p transform by using trace interpolation in F-K domain and far and near channel extrapolation, the effect of τ-p transformation is improved by increasing the density of data and extrapolating near and far data. The test of theoretical models and field seismic data indicate that the improved transform algorithm has the merits of good stability and weak distortion, and can efficiently eliminate false frequency and port effect.
When seismic data sampling density and near-and-far channel data are insufficient, there are troubles of false frequency and port effect existing in traditional τ-p transform algorithm, which affect the precision of τ-p transform and the effect of seismic data processing. In this paper, we improve τ-p transform algorithm, we reconstruction of seismic data before traditional τ-p transform by using trace interpolation in F-K domain and far and near channel extrapolation, the effect of τ-p transformation is improved by increasing the density of data and extrapolating near and far data. The test of theoretical models and field seismic data indicate that the improved transform algorithm has the merits of good stability and weak distortion, and can efficiently eliminate false frequency and port effect.
引文
[1]肖姹莉,赵世昌.τ-p变换中几个问题的探讨[J].石油物探,1985,24(2):29-45.Xiao CL,Zhao SC.Some problems concerning theτ-p transformation[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1985,24(2):29-45.(in Chinese).
[2]江则荣,姜绍仁,夏戡原.Tau-p变换若干问题的讨论及其在反演声纳浮标资料中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1989,24(2):130-143.Jiang ZR,Jiang SR,Xia KY.The discussion on some problems ofτ-p transform and its application to the inversion of sonar buoy data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1989,24(2):130-143.(in Chinese).
[3]徐志伟,戚敬华.Tau-p变换技术及其在煤田地震资料处理中的应用前景[J].中国矿业大学学报,1992,21(2):85-92.Xu ZW,Qi JH.The Tau-p transform and its application to seismic data processing in coal field[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,1992,21(2):85-92.(in Chinese).
[4]涂国田.一种高效的频率域正反τ-p变换算法与τ-p双曲线速度滤波[J].石油地球物理勘探,1993,28(2):166-177.Tu GT.High effective forward and inverseτ-p transform algorithms andτ-p hyperbolic velocity filtering in frequency domain[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1993,28(2):166-177.(in Chinese).
[5]宋先海,肖柏勋,张学强,等.用改进的τ-P变换算法提取瞬态瑞雷波频散曲线[J].物探与化探,2003,27(4):292-295.Song XH,Xiao BX,Zhang XQ,et al.The application of improvedτ-p transform algorithm to the extraction of dispersion curve of transcient Rayleigh wave[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,2003,27(4):292-295.(in Chinese).
[6]刘保童,朱光明.去假频高分辨率τ-p变换法波场分离[J].煤田地质与勘探,2006,34(2):70-73.Liu BT,Zhu GM.De-aliasing high resolutionτ-p transform and its application to wave field separation[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2006,34(2):70-73.(in Chinese).
[7]Pann K,Fields JL.Seismic trace interpolation using f-k filtering:US,US4594693[P].1986.
[8]Guo J,Zhou X,Yang HJ,et al.Efficient F-K domain seismic trace interpolation for spatially aliased data[J].Seg Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1949,15(1):1458.
[9]Gulunay N.Unaliased F-K domain trace interpolation(UFKI)[C]//Seg Technical Program Expanded.1996:2106.
[10]Gueluenay N.Seismic trace interpolation in the Fourier transform domain[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):355-369.
[11]Naghizadeh M.Seismic data interpolation and denoising in the frequency-wavenumber domain[J].Geophysics,2012,77(2):71.
[12]宜明理,严又生,魏新,等.F-K域抗假频道内插[J].石油物探,2001,40(2):36-41.Yi ML,Yan YS,Wei X,et al.Using anti-alias trace interpolation in F-K domain[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2001,40(2):36-41.(in Chinese).
[13]国九英,周光元.F-K域等道距道内插[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(2):211-218.Guo JY,Zhou XY.Iso-interval trace interpolation in F-K domain[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1996,31(2):211-218.(in Chinese).
[14]罗丹.F-K域地震道插值方法研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.Luo D.The research of methods to seismic trace interpolation in F-K Domain[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2009.(in Chinese).
[15]张兰兰.τ-p变换在地震数据处理中的研究应用[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011.Zhang LL.Research and application ofτ-p transform in seismic data processing[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2011.(in Chinese).
[16]潘军,栾锡武,孙运宝,等.应用TAUP变换压制海洋高分辨率地震勘探中的线性干扰[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(2):954-962.Pan J,Luan XW,Sun YB,et al.The linear noise attenuation using TAUP transform in high resolution marine seismic exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(2):954-962.(in Chinese).2018年8月(477-484)CT Theory and Applications Aug.,2018杨雄斌,刘鹏浩,庄凯,等.晶体定向仪控制平台和数据采集系统设计[J].CT理论与应用研究,2018,27(4):477-484.
[2]江则荣,姜绍仁,夏戡原.Tau-p变换若干问题的讨论及其在反演声纳浮标资料中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1989,24(2):130-143.Jiang ZR,Jiang SR,Xia KY.The discussion on some problems ofτ-p transform and its application to the inversion of sonar buoy data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1989,24(2):130-143.(in Chinese).
[3]徐志伟,戚敬华.Tau-p变换技术及其在煤田地震资料处理中的应用前景[J].中国矿业大学学报,1992,21(2):85-92.Xu ZW,Qi JH.The Tau-p transform and its application to seismic data processing in coal field[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,1992,21(2):85-92.(in Chinese).
[4]涂国田.一种高效的频率域正反τ-p变换算法与τ-p双曲线速度滤波[J].石油地球物理勘探,1993,28(2):166-177.Tu GT.High effective forward and inverseτ-p transform algorithms andτ-p hyperbolic velocity filtering in frequency domain[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1993,28(2):166-177.(in Chinese).
[5]宋先海,肖柏勋,张学强,等.用改进的τ-P变换算法提取瞬态瑞雷波频散曲线[J].物探与化探,2003,27(4):292-295.Song XH,Xiao BX,Zhang XQ,et al.The application of improvedτ-p transform algorithm to the extraction of dispersion curve of transcient Rayleigh wave[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,2003,27(4):292-295.(in Chinese).
[6]刘保童,朱光明.去假频高分辨率τ-p变换法波场分离[J].煤田地质与勘探,2006,34(2):70-73.Liu BT,Zhu GM.De-aliasing high resolutionτ-p transform and its application to wave field separation[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2006,34(2):70-73.(in Chinese).
[7]Pann K,Fields JL.Seismic trace interpolation using f-k filtering:US,US4594693[P].1986.
[8]Guo J,Zhou X,Yang HJ,et al.Efficient F-K domain seismic trace interpolation for spatially aliased data[J].Seg Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1949,15(1):1458.
[9]Gulunay N.Unaliased F-K domain trace interpolation(UFKI)[C]//Seg Technical Program Expanded.1996:2106.
[10]Gueluenay N.Seismic trace interpolation in the Fourier transform domain[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):355-369.
[11]Naghizadeh M.Seismic data interpolation and denoising in the frequency-wavenumber domain[J].Geophysics,2012,77(2):71.
[12]宜明理,严又生,魏新,等.F-K域抗假频道内插[J].石油物探,2001,40(2):36-41.Yi ML,Yan YS,Wei X,et al.Using anti-alias trace interpolation in F-K domain[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2001,40(2):36-41.(in Chinese).
[13]国九英,周光元.F-K域等道距道内插[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(2):211-218.Guo JY,Zhou XY.Iso-interval trace interpolation in F-K domain[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1996,31(2):211-218.(in Chinese).
[14]罗丹.F-K域地震道插值方法研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.Luo D.The research of methods to seismic trace interpolation in F-K Domain[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2009.(in Chinese).
[15]张兰兰.τ-p变换在地震数据处理中的研究应用[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011.Zhang LL.Research and application ofτ-p transform in seismic data processing[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2011.(in Chinese).
[16]潘军,栾锡武,孙运宝,等.应用TAUP变换压制海洋高分辨率地震勘探中的线性干扰[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(2):954-962.Pan J,Luan XW,Sun YB,et al.The linear noise attenuation using TAUP transform in high resolution marine seismic exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(2):954-962.(in Chinese).2018年8月(477-484)CT Theory and Applications Aug.,2018杨雄斌,刘鹏浩,庄凯,等.晶体定向仪控制平台和数据采集系统设计[J].CT理论与应用研究,2018,27(4):477-484.