聋生读者的阅读知觉广度与词汇加工特点:眼动证据
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摘要
研究采用移动窗口范式,以双字词为掩蔽单元,探究了聋生中文阅读知觉广度与词汇加工特点。结果发现:(1)聋生阅读知觉广度的左侧范围在1个双字词之外,右侧范围为1个双字词,健听读者阅读知觉广度为注视点左侧1个双字词至右侧1个双字词的范围,可见聋生的阅读知觉广度在范围大小和对称性上不同于健听读者;(2)提示注视点右侧词汇边界的移动窗口在平均注视时间、向右眼跳幅度上以相同趋势影响两组读者,但对两组读者注视次数、回视次数的影响模式不同。由此可见,聋生读者阅读知觉广度及词汇加工有其独特性特点。
With the moving window paradigm which shows the boundary of the right words to the fixation,the present study explored the characteristics of deaf Chinese readers in perceptual span and word processing when they were reading.It was found that:(1)For the deaf students,the left edge of the perceptual span extended more than one two-characters word,and the right edge extended one two-characters word,whereas for the hearing participants,the perceptual span extended one two-characters word to the left and right of fixation;(2)The moving window manipulations affected the two groups with the same trend on the mean fixation duration and the length of saccades toward the right,however,they affected the number of fixation and regression of the two groups differently.It revealed the uniqueness of deaf Chinese readers in perceptual span and word processing when they are reading.
With the moving window paradigm which shows the boundary of the right words to the fixation,the present study explored the characteristics of deaf Chinese readers in perceptual span and word processing when they were reading.It was found that:(1)For the deaf students,the left edge of the perceptual span extended more than one two-characters word,and the right edge extended one two-characters word,whereas for the hearing participants,the perceptual span extended one two-characters word to the left and right of fixation;(2)The moving window manipulations affected the two groups with the same trend on the mean fixation duration and the length of saccades toward the right,however,they affected the number of fixation and regression of the two groups differently.It revealed the uniqueness of deaf Chinese readers in perceptual span and word processing when they are reading.
引文
白学军,李馨,闫国利.(2015).汉语阅读眼动控制:20年研究的总结.心理发展与教育,31(1),85-91.
梁菲菲,王永胜,杨文,白学军.(2017).阅读水平调节儿童阅读眼动注视模式的发展:基于9～11岁儿童的证据.心理学报,49(4),450-459.
刘璐,闫国利.(2018).聋人阅读中的副中央凹视觉注意增强效应:来自消失文本的证据.心理学报,50(7),715-726.
刘志方,闫国利,张智君,潘运,杨桂芳.(2013).中文阅读中的预视效应与词切分.心理学报,45(6),614-625.
乔静芝,张兰兰,闫国利.(2011).聋生与健听大学生汉语阅读知觉广度的比较研究.应用心理学,17(3),249-258.
苏衡,刘志方,曹立人.(2016).中文阅读预视加工中的词频和预测性效应及其对词切分的启示:基于眼动的证据.心理学报,48(6),625-636.
项明强,胡耿丹.(2010).聋人视觉注意的改变:从中央转移到边缘视野.中国特殊教育,3,26-30.
张智君,刘志方,赵亚军,季靖.(2012).汉语阅读过程中词切分的位置:一项基于眼动随动显示技术的研究.心理学报,44(1),51-62.
Bai,X.J.,Yan,G.L.,Liversedge,S.P.,Zang,C.L.,& Rayner,K.(2008).Reading spaced and unspaced Chinese text:Evidence from eye movements.Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance,34(5),1277-1287.
Barr,D.J.,Levy,R.,Scheepers,C.,& Tily,H.J.(2013).Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing:Keep it maximal.Journal of Memory and Language,68(3),255-278.
Bates,D.M.,Maechler,M.,& Bolker,B.(2011).LME4:Linear mixed-effects models using S4 classes.R Package Version 0.999375-39.http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lme4
Bélanger,N.N.,Lee,M.,& Schotter,E.R.(2018).Young Skilled Deaf Readers Have an Enhanced Perceptual Span in Reading.The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,71(1),291-301.
Bélanger,N.,& Rayner,K.(2015).What eye movements reveal about deaf readers.Current Directions in Psychological Science,24(3),220-226.
Bélanger,N.N.,Slattery,T.J.,Mayberry,R.I.,& Rayner,K.(2012).Skilled deaf readers have an enhanced perceptual span in reading.Psychological Science,23(7),816-823.
Clifton Jr.C.,Ferreira,F.,Henderson,J.M.,Inhoff,A.W.,Liversedge,S.P.,Reichle,E.D.,Schotter,E.R.(2016).Eye movements in reading and information processing:Keith Rayner’s 40 year legacy.Journal of Memory and Language,86,1-19.
Dye,G.,Hauser,C.,& Bavelier,D.(2009).Is visual attention in deaf individuals enhanced or deficient?The case of the Useful Field of View.PlosOne,4(5),5640-5646.
Keith Rayner.(2009).Eye movements and attention in reading,scene perception,and visual search.The quarterly journal of experimental psychology,62(8),1457-1506.
Li,X.,Rayner.K.& Cave.K.R.(2009).On the Segmentation of Chinese words during reading.Cognitive Psychology,58(4),525-552.
Liu,P.,& Lu,Q.(2018).The effects of spaces on word segmentation in Chinese reading:Evidence from eye movements.Journal of Research in Reading,41(2),329-349.
Mayberry,R,del Giudice,A.,& Lieberman,M.(2011).Reading achievement in relation to phonological coding and awareness in deaf readers:A meta-analysis.Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education,16(2),164-188.
McConkie,G.W.,& Rayner,K.(1975).The span of the effective stimulus during a fixation in reading.Perception & Psychophysics,17(6),578-586.
Pollatsek,A.,Bolozky,S.,Well,A.D.,& Rayner,K.(1981).Asymmetries in the perceptual span for Israeli readers.Brain and Language,14(1),174-180.
Rayner,K.,Well,A.D.,& Pollatsek,A.(1980).Asymmetry of the effective visual field in reading.Perception & Psychophysics,27(6),537-544.
Rayner,K.(1998).Eye movements in reading and information processing.Psychological Bulletin,124(3),372-422.
Rayner,K.,& Bertera,J.H.(1979).Reading without foveal.Science,206,468-469.
梁菲菲,王永胜,杨文,白学军.(2017).阅读水平调节儿童阅读眼动注视模式的发展:基于9～11岁儿童的证据.心理学报,49(4),450-459.
刘璐,闫国利.(2018).聋人阅读中的副中央凹视觉注意增强效应:来自消失文本的证据.心理学报,50(7),715-726.
刘志方,闫国利,张智君,潘运,杨桂芳.(2013).中文阅读中的预视效应与词切分.心理学报,45(6),614-625.
乔静芝,张兰兰,闫国利.(2011).聋生与健听大学生汉语阅读知觉广度的比较研究.应用心理学,17(3),249-258.
苏衡,刘志方,曹立人.(2016).中文阅读预视加工中的词频和预测性效应及其对词切分的启示:基于眼动的证据.心理学报,48(6),625-636.
项明强,胡耿丹.(2010).聋人视觉注意的改变:从中央转移到边缘视野.中国特殊教育,3,26-30.
张智君,刘志方,赵亚军,季靖.(2012).汉语阅读过程中词切分的位置:一项基于眼动随动显示技术的研究.心理学报,44(1),51-62.
Bai,X.J.,Yan,G.L.,Liversedge,S.P.,Zang,C.L.,& Rayner,K.(2008).Reading spaced and unspaced Chinese text:Evidence from eye movements.Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance,34(5),1277-1287.
Barr,D.J.,Levy,R.,Scheepers,C.,& Tily,H.J.(2013).Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing:Keep it maximal.Journal of Memory and Language,68(3),255-278.
Bates,D.M.,Maechler,M.,& Bolker,B.(2011).LME4:Linear mixed-effects models using S4 classes.R Package Version 0.999375-39.http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lme4
Bélanger,N.N.,Lee,M.,& Schotter,E.R.(2018).Young Skilled Deaf Readers Have an Enhanced Perceptual Span in Reading.The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,71(1),291-301.
Bélanger,N.,& Rayner,K.(2015).What eye movements reveal about deaf readers.Current Directions in Psychological Science,24(3),220-226.
Bélanger,N.N.,Slattery,T.J.,Mayberry,R.I.,& Rayner,K.(2012).Skilled deaf readers have an enhanced perceptual span in reading.Psychological Science,23(7),816-823.
Clifton Jr.C.,Ferreira,F.,Henderson,J.M.,Inhoff,A.W.,Liversedge,S.P.,Reichle,E.D.,Schotter,E.R.(2016).Eye movements in reading and information processing:Keith Rayner’s 40 year legacy.Journal of Memory and Language,86,1-19.
Dye,G.,Hauser,C.,& Bavelier,D.(2009).Is visual attention in deaf individuals enhanced or deficient?The case of the Useful Field of View.PlosOne,4(5),5640-5646.
Keith Rayner.(2009).Eye movements and attention in reading,scene perception,and visual search.The quarterly journal of experimental psychology,62(8),1457-1506.
Li,X.,Rayner.K.& Cave.K.R.(2009).On the Segmentation of Chinese words during reading.Cognitive Psychology,58(4),525-552.
Liu,P.,& Lu,Q.(2018).The effects of spaces on word segmentation in Chinese reading:Evidence from eye movements.Journal of Research in Reading,41(2),329-349.
Mayberry,R,del Giudice,A.,& Lieberman,M.(2011).Reading achievement in relation to phonological coding and awareness in deaf readers:A meta-analysis.Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education,16(2),164-188.
McConkie,G.W.,& Rayner,K.(1975).The span of the effective stimulus during a fixation in reading.Perception & Psychophysics,17(6),578-586.
Pollatsek,A.,Bolozky,S.,Well,A.D.,& Rayner,K.(1981).Asymmetries in the perceptual span for Israeli readers.Brain and Language,14(1),174-180.
Rayner,K.,Well,A.D.,& Pollatsek,A.(1980).Asymmetry of the effective visual field in reading.Perception & Psychophysics,27(6),537-544.
Rayner,K.(1998).Eye movements in reading and information processing.Psychological Bulletin,124(3),372-422.
Rayner,K.,& Bertera,J.H.(1979).Reading without foveal.Science,206,468-469.