基于超声相控阵衍射波图像的缺陷测量方法
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摘要
工程应用中常通过超声相控阵检测技术的脉冲反射法对缺陷进行扇形扫描,并基于反射波幅度的6 d B法测量缺陷尺寸。然而,6 d B测长方法很难对缺陷尺寸进行精确测量。该研究提出利用超声相控扇扫图中的缺陷衍射波图像测量缺陷尺寸以获得较高的测量精度。首先,分析了扇扫图像中缺陷衍射波特征图像及其影响参数以获得清晰的缺陷衍射波扇型扫描图像;其次,提出了基于端部衍射波时差的缺陷尺寸测量方法,并与其他测量方法的测量精度相比较。研究结果显示:基于相控阵扇型扫描的缺陷衍射波测长精度较之反射波幅度法更高,而反射波法更适用于缺陷取向的测量。该研究经过对比分析,为缺陷定量检测提供了一种更为有效的解决方案。
In engineering applications, the sector scan of ultrasonic phased array method is used to test the defect, in which the defect size is measured by the 6 d B method. However, it is difficult to measure the size of the defect accurately based on the 6 d B length measurement method of the reflected wave amplitude. In the study, we proposed to use the image of defect's diffraction wave in the ultrasonic phased sector scanning image to measure the defect's size with higher measurement accuracy. Firstly, the image's characteristics of diffraction wave and related influence factors are analyzed to achieve higher quality of the image. Secondly, the measurement method of defect size based on diffraction wave is proposed and compared with the other methods.The research results show that the measurement accuracy of the defect diffraction wave is higher than that of the reflected wave amplitude method, and the reflected wave method is more suitable for the measurement of defect's orientation. The study provides a more effective solution for the quantitative detection of defects.
In engineering applications, the sector scan of ultrasonic phased array method is used to test the defect, in which the defect size is measured by the 6 d B method. However, it is difficult to measure the size of the defect accurately based on the 6 d B length measurement method of the reflected wave amplitude. In the study, we proposed to use the image of defect's diffraction wave in the ultrasonic phased sector scanning image to measure the defect's size with higher measurement accuracy. Firstly, the image's characteristics of diffraction wave and related influence factors are analyzed to achieve higher quality of the image. Secondly, the measurement method of defect size based on diffraction wave is proposed and compared with the other methods.The research results show that the measurement accuracy of the defect diffraction wave is higher than that of the reflected wave amplitude method, and the reflected wave method is more suitable for the measurement of defect's orientation. The study provides a more effective solution for the quantitative detection of defects.
引文
[1]蔡保山,王俊立,朱超阳.浅谈脉冲式超声波反射法测厚的测量精度[J].中国水能及电气化,2015(10):28–30,70.Cai Baoshan,Wang Junli,Zhu Chaoyang.On measuring precision of thickness measurement with pulsed ultrasonicwave reflection method[J].China Water Power&Electrification,2015(10):28–30,70.
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[3]BS 7706:1993,Guide to calibration and setting-up of the ultra-sonic time-of-flight diffraction(TOFD)technique for detection,location and sizing of flaws[S].
[4]柯常波,陈铁群,张欣宇.基于BP神经网络的超声无损测定表面开口裂纹高度[J].兵器材料科学与工程,2007,30(1):17–21.Ke Changbo,Chen Tiequn,Zhang Xinyu.Ultrasonic testing of height of surface breaking cracks base on BP neural networks[J].Ordnance Material Science and Engineering,2007,30(1):17–21.
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[7]Nardoni D,Nardoni P,Certo M,et al.Sizing in the phased array technique using diffraction and amplitude displacement[J].Or Insight,2008,50(10):574–578.
[8]邢晨,林家松.TOFD和PAUT检测技术在大口径厚壁管线的应用[J].硫磷设计与粉体工程,2016(4):1–4,14.Xing Chen,Lin Jiasong.Application of TOFD and PAUT testing techniques on large-bore thick-walled pipelines[J].S P&BMH Related Engineering,2016(4):1–4,14.
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[10]杨俊,李承彬,谢寿生.涡轮盘多轴低循环疲劳寿命预测及试验验证[J].航空动力学报,2011,26(10):2220–2226.Yang Jun,Li Chengbin,Xie Shousheng.Multi-axial low cycle fatigue life prediction and test verification for turbine disk[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2011,26(10):2220–2226.
[11]李衍.相控阵双波法缺陷定量与定性[J].中国特种设备安全,2013,37(11):28–32.
[12]周江波.GH901合金台阶轴表面裂纹原因探析及工艺优化[J].特钢技术,2015,21(1):21–23,28.Zhou Jiangbo.Analysis of surface cracking on stepped shaft of GH901 alloy and it’s process optimization[J].Special Steel Technology,2015,21(1):21–23,28.
[13]任远,张成成,高靖云,等.含缺陷涡轮盘的实际使用寿命计算方法[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(12):149–156.Ren Yuan,Zhang Chengcheng,Gao Jingyun,et al.Actual service life computation method for turbine discs containing defects[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(12):149–156.
[14]GB/T 29302-2012,无损检测仪器相控阵超声检测系统的性能与检验[S].
[15]ASTME2491-13,Standard guide for evaluating performance characteristics of phased array ultrasonic examination instruments and systems[S].
[2]Baskaran G,Balasubramaniam K,Lakshmana C.Shearwave time of flight diffraction(S-TOFD)technique[J].NDT&E International,2006,39(6):458–467.
[3]BS 7706:1993,Guide to calibration and setting-up of the ultra-sonic time-of-flight diffraction(TOFD)technique for detection,location and sizing of flaws[S].
[4]柯常波,陈铁群,张欣宇.基于BP神经网络的超声无损测定表面开口裂纹高度[J].兵器材料科学与工程,2007,30(1):17–21.Ke Changbo,Chen Tiequn,Zhang Xinyu.Ultrasonic testing of height of surface breaking cracks base on BP neural networks[J].Ordnance Material Science and Engineering,2007,30(1):17–21.
[5]冯云国,刘广兴,张丙法.端点衍射法测量焊接接头内部缺陷高度[J].无损检测,2012,34(7):42–44.Feng Yunguo,Liu Guangxing,Zhang Bingfa.Measurement of interior flaw height of welded joint by tip diffraction method[J].Nondestructive Testing,2012,34(7):42–44.
[6]李衍,李华.用超声偶波法对管道焊缝缺陷定性定量——国外超声检测新技术介绍[J].无损探伤,2000(6):8–12.
[7]Nardoni D,Nardoni P,Certo M,et al.Sizing in the phased array technique using diffraction and amplitude displacement[J].Or Insight,2008,50(10):574–578.
[8]邢晨,林家松.TOFD和PAUT检测技术在大口径厚壁管线的应用[J].硫磷设计与粉体工程,2016(4):1–4,14.Xing Chen,Lin Jiasong.Application of TOFD and PAUT testing techniques on large-bore thick-walled pipelines[J].S P&BMH Related Engineering,2016(4):1–4,14.
[9]Kraemer K M,Mueller F,Oechsner M.Applicationoriented description of time-/temperature dependent crack growth in a conventionally cast nickel-based superalloy[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2016,96:78–88.
[10]杨俊,李承彬,谢寿生.涡轮盘多轴低循环疲劳寿命预测及试验验证[J].航空动力学报,2011,26(10):2220–2226.Yang Jun,Li Chengbin,Xie Shousheng.Multi-axial low cycle fatigue life prediction and test verification for turbine disk[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2011,26(10):2220–2226.
[11]李衍.相控阵双波法缺陷定量与定性[J].中国特种设备安全,2013,37(11):28–32.
[12]周江波.GH901合金台阶轴表面裂纹原因探析及工艺优化[J].特钢技术,2015,21(1):21–23,28.Zhou Jiangbo.Analysis of surface cracking on stepped shaft of GH901 alloy and it’s process optimization[J].Special Steel Technology,2015,21(1):21–23,28.
[13]任远,张成成,高靖云,等.含缺陷涡轮盘的实际使用寿命计算方法[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(12):149–156.Ren Yuan,Zhang Chengcheng,Gao Jingyun,et al.Actual service life computation method for turbine discs containing defects[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(12):149–156.
[14]GB/T 29302-2012,无损检测仪器相控阵超声检测系统的性能与检验[S].
[15]ASTME2491-13,Standard guide for evaluating performance characteristics of phased array ultrasonic examination instruments and systems[S].