Preparation and Characterization of UV-absorbing PVDF Membranes via Pre-irradiation Induced Graft Polymerization
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摘要
Herein, excellent UV-absorbing poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) membranes were fabricated through the pre-irradiation induced graft polymerization method. The PVDF chains irradiated with ~(60)Co γ-ray were modified with the polymerizable UV absorber 2-[2-hydroxy-5-[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]phenyl]-2 H-benzotriazole(RUVA-93). The influences of irradiation dose and monomer concentration on the prepared PVDF-g-PRUVA-93 membranes were investigated, and the optimal condition was eventually obtained. The chemical structures of the films were studied by ~1H-NMR, FTIR, and XRD. UV light transmittance and DSC tests were used to characterize the UV-absorbing performance and thermal property of the PVDF films before and after modification. The results proved that the PRUVA-93 side chains were successfully incorporated into the PVDF main chains and the obtained PVDF-g-PRUVA-93 films possessed remarkable UV-absorbing property. The modified membrane made under the optimized experiment condition could completely block the UV light in the range of 200-387 nm. Additionally, the transmittance of the PVDF-g-PRUVA-93 film could be reduced to0.04% in 280-320 nm, where the light irradiation could damage polymer materials most seriously.
Herein, excellent UV-absorbing poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) membranes were fabricated through the pre-irradiation induced graft polymerization method. The PVDF chains irradiated with ~(60)Co γ-ray were modified with the polymerizable UV absorber 2-[2-hydroxy-5-[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]phenyl]-2 H-benzotriazole(RUVA-93). The influences of irradiation dose and monomer concentration on the prepared PVDF-g-PRUVA-93 membranes were investigated, and the optimal condition was eventually obtained. The chemical structures of the films were studied by ~1H-NMR, FTIR, and XRD. UV light transmittance and DSC tests were used to characterize the UV-absorbing performance and thermal property of the PVDF films before and after modification. The results proved that the PRUVA-93 side chains were successfully incorporated into the PVDF main chains and the obtained PVDF-g-PRUVA-93 films possessed remarkable UV-absorbing property. The modified membrane made under the optimized experiment condition could completely block the UV light in the range of 200-387 nm. Additionally, the transmittance of the PVDF-g-PRUVA-93 film could be reduced to0.04% in 280-320 nm, where the light irradiation could damage polymer materials most seriously.
Herein, excellent UV-absorbing poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) membranes were fabricated through the pre-irradiation induced graft polymerization method. The PVDF chains irradiated with ~(60)Co γ-ray were modified with the polymerizable UV absorber 2-[2-hydroxy-5-[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]phenyl]-2 H-benzotriazole(RUVA-93). The influences of irradiation dose and monomer concentration on the prepared PVDF-g-PRUVA-93 membranes were investigated, and the optimal condition was eventually obtained. The chemical structures of the films were studied by ~1H-NMR, FTIR, and XRD. UV light transmittance and DSC tests were used to characterize the UV-absorbing performance and thermal property of the PVDF films before and after modification. The results proved that the PRUVA-93 side chains were successfully incorporated into the PVDF main chains and the obtained PVDF-g-PRUVA-93 films possessed remarkable UV-absorbing property. The modified membrane made under the optimized experiment condition could completely block the UV light in the range of 200-387 nm. Additionally, the transmittance of the PVDF-g-PRUVA-93 film could be reduced to0.04% in 280-320 nm, where the light irradiation could damage polymer materials most seriously.
引文
1Kang,G.D.;Cao,Y.M.Application and modification of poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)membranes-A review.J.Membr.Sci.2014,463,145-165.
2Otitoju,T.A.;Ahmad,A.L.;Ooi,B.S.Polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)membrane for oil rejection from oily wastewater:A performance review.J.Water.Process.Eng.2016,14,41-59.
3Rahimpour,A.;Madaeni,S,S.;Zereshki,S.;Mansourpanah,Y.Preparation and characterization of modified nano-porous PVDF membrane with high antifouling property using UV photo-grafting.Appl.Surf.Sci.2009,255,7455-7461.
4Zuo,J.H.;Cheng,P.;Chen,X.F.;Yan,X.;Guo,Y.J.;Lang,W.Z.Ultrahigh flux of polydopamine-coated PVDF membranes quenched in air via thermally induced phase separation for oil/water emulsion separation.Sep.Purif.Technol.2018,192,348-359.
5Wu,X.N.;Zhao,B.;Wang,L.;Zhang,Z.H.;Zhang,H.W.;Zhao,X.H.;Guo,X.F.Hydrophobic PVDF/graphene hybrid membrane for CO2 absorption in membrane contactor.J.Membr.Sci.2016,520,120-129.
6Ji,J.;Liu,F.;Awanis Hashim,N.;Moghareh Abed,M.R.;Li,K.Poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)membranes for fluid separation.Reac.Funct.Polym.2015,86,134-153.
7Zhao,C.Q.;Xu,X.C.;Chen,J.;Yang,F.L.Effect of graphene oxide concentration on the morphologies and antifouling properties of PVDF ultrafiltration membranes.J.Environ.Chem.Eng.2013,1,349-354.
8Chen,L.F.;Hou,Z.C.;Lu,X.F.;Chen,P.;Liu,Z.Y.;Shen,L.G.;Bian,X.K.;Qin,Q.Antifouling microfiltration membranes prepared from poly(vinylidene fluoride)-graft-poly(Nvinyl pyrrolidone)powders synthesized via pre-irradiation induced graft polymerization.J.Appl.Polym.Sci.2013,128,3949-3956.
9Zhu,Z.Y.;Jiang,J.L.;Wang,X.D.;Huo,X.N.;Xu,Y.W.;Li,Q.Q.;Wang,L.Improving the hydrophilic and antifouling properties of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane by incorporation of novel nanohybrid GO@SiO2 particles.Chem.Eng.J.2017,314,266-276.
10Wu,C.R.;Tang,W.Y.;Zhang,J.H.;Liu,S.H.;Wang,Z.Y.;Wang,X.;Lu,X.L.Preparation of super-hydrophobic PVDF membrane for MD purpose via hydroxyl induced crystallization-phase inversion.J.Membr.Sci.2017,543,288-300.
11Yang,C.;Li,X.M.;Gilron,J.;Kong,D.F.;Yin,Y.;Oren,Y.;Linder,C.;He,T.CF4 plasma-modified superhydrophobic PVDF membranes for direct contact membrane distillation.J.Membr.Sci.2014,456,155-161.
12Chen,X.;He,Y.;Shi,C.C.;Fu,W.G.;Bi,S.Y.;Wang,Z.Y.;Chen,L.Temperature-and pH-responsive membranes based on poly(vinylidene fluoride)functionalized with microgels.J.Membr.Sci.2014,469,447-457.
13Sun,C.G.;Feng,X.S.Enhancing the performance of PVDF membranes by hydrophilic surface modification via amine treatment.Sep.Purif.Technol.2017,185,94-102.
14Cai,T.;Neoh,K.G.;Kang,E.T.Surface-functionalized and surface-functionalizable poly(vinylidene fluoride)graft copolymer membranes via click chemistry and atom transfer radical polymerization.Langmuir 2011,27,2936-2945.
15Xu,L.Q.;Chen,J.C.;Wang,R.;Neoh,K.G.;Kang,E.T.;Fu,G.D.A poly(vinylidene fluoride)-graft-poly(dopamine acrylamide)copolymer for surface functionalizable membranes.RSC Adv.2013,3,25204-25214.
16Xu,C.Q.;Huang,W.;Zhou,Y.F.;Yan,D.Y.;Chen,S.T.;Huang,H.Graft copolymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidoneonto pre-irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride)powder.Radiat.Phys.Chem.2012,81,426-431.
17Zhao,X.Z.;Xuan,H.X.;Qin,A.W.;Liu,D.P.;He,C.J.Improved antifouling property of PVDF ultrafiltration membrane with plasma treated PVDF powder.RSC Adv.2015,5,64526-64533.
18Liu,J.;Shen,X.;Zhao,Y.P.;Chen,L.Acryloylmorpholinegrafted PVDF membrane with improved protein fouling resistance.Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.2013,52,18392-18400.
19Dong,L.;Liu,X.D.;Xiong,Z.R.;Sheng,D.K.;Zhou,Y.;Lin,C.H.;Yang,Y.M.Design of UV-absorbing PVDF membrane via surface-initiated AGET ATRP.Appl.Surf.Sci.2018,435,680-686.
20Dong,L.;Liu,X.D.;Xiong,Z.R.;Sheng,D.K.;Lin,C.H.;Zhou,Y.;Yang,Y.M.Fabrication of highly efficient ultraviolet absorbing PVDF membranes via surface polydopamine deposition.J.Appl.Polym.Sci.2018,135,45746.
21Wang,G.R.;Xu,S.M.;Xia,C.H.;Yan,D.P.;Lin,Y.J.;Wei,M.Fabrication of host-guest UV-blocking materials by intercalation of fluorescent anions into layered double hydroxides.RSC Adv.2015,5,23708-23714.
22Cohen,S.;Haham,H.;Pellach,M.;Margel,S.Design of UV absorbing polypropylene films with polymeric benzotriaziole based nano-and microparticle coatings.ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces 2016,9,868-875.
23Hattori,H.;Ide,Y.;Sano,T.Microporous titanate nanofibers for highly efficient UV-protective transparent coating.J.Mater.Chem.A 2014,2,16381-16388.
24Kainulainen,T.P.;Sirvi,J.A.;Sethi,J.;Hukka,T.I.;Heiskanen,J.P.UV-blocking synthetic biopolymer from biomass-based bifuran diester and ethylene glycol.Macromolecules 2018,51,1822-1829.
25Lizundia,E.;Ruiz-Rubio,L.;Vilas,J.L.;León,L.M.Poly(Llactide)/ZnO nanocomposites as efficient UV-shielding coatings for packaging applications.J.Appl.Polym.Sci.2016,133,42426.
26Feng,Y.;Zhang,J.M.;He,J.S.;Zhang,J.Transparent cellulose/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites with enhanced UV-shielding properties.Carbohyd.Polym.2016,147,171-177.
27Ge,F.J.;Ding,Y.Y.;Yang,L.;Huang,Y.;Jiang,L.;Dan,Y.Effect of the content and distribution of ultraviolet absorbing groups on the UV protection and degradation of polylactide films.RSC Adv.2015,5,70473-70481.
28Du,J.Z.;Sun,H.Polymer/TiO2 hybrid vesicles for excellent UV screening and effective encapsulation of antioxidant agents.ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces 2014,6,13535-13541.
29Senatova,S.I.;Senatov,F.S.;Kuznetsov,D.V.;Stepashkin,A.A.;Issi,J.P.Effect of UV-radiation on structure and properties of PP nanocomposites.J.Alloy.Compd.2017,707,304-309.
30Woo,H.;Char,K.Transparent organosilicate hybrid films with thermally insulating and UV-blocking properties based on silica/titania hybrid hollow colloidal shells.Macromol.Res.2013,21,1004-1010.
31Aguirre,M.;Paulis,M.;Leiza,J.R.UV screening clear coats based on encapsulated CeO2 hybrid latexes.J.Mater.Chem.A 2013,1,3155-3162.
32Zhao,Y.;Xu,Z.G.;Wang,X.G.;Lin,T.Superhydrophobic and UV-blocking cotton fabrics prepared by layer-by-layer assembly of organic UV absorber intercalated layered double hydroxides.Appl.Surf.Sci.2013,286,364-370.
33Zhang,Y.;Han,J.R.;Wu,S.Y.;Qi,Z.G.;Xu,J.;Guo,B.H. Synthesis,physical properties and photodegradation of functional poly(butylene succinate)covalently linking UV stabilizing moieties in molecular chains.Colloid.Surf.A 2017,524,160-168.
34Lei,H.B.;He,D.L.;Guo,Y.N.;Tang,Y.N.;Huang,H.Q.Synthesis and characterization of UV-absorbing fluorine-silicone acrylic resin polymer.Appl.Surf.Sci.2018,442,71-77.
35Dong,L.;Liu,X.D.;Xiong,Z.R.;Sheng,D.K.;Lin,C.H.;Zhou,Y.;Yang,Y.M.Preparation and characterization of functional poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)membranes with ultraviolet-absorbing property.Appl.Surf.Sci.2018,444,497-504.
36Wang,Y.;Su,J.;Li,T.;Ma,P.M.;Bai,H.Y.;Xie,Y.;Chen,M.Q.;Dong,W.F.A novel UV-shielding and transparent polymer film:When bioinspired dopamine-melanin hollow nanoparticles join polymers.ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces 2017,9,36281-36289.
37de Moraes,A.C.M.;Andrade,P.F.;de Faria,A.F.;Sim?es,M.B.;Salom?o,F.C.C.S.;Barros,E.B.;Goncalves,M.C.;Alves,O.L.Fabrication of transparent and ultraviolet shielding composite films based on graphene oxide and cellulose acetate.Carbohyd.Polym.2015,123,217-227.
38Wang,X.L.;Zhou,S.X.;Wu,L.M.Fabrication of Fe3+doped Mg/Al layered double hydroxides and their application in UV light-shielding coatings.J.Mater.Chem.C 2014,2,5752-5758.
39Hess,S.C.;Permatasari,F.A.;Fukazawa,H.;Schneider,E.M.;Balgis,R.;Ogi,T.;Okuyama,K.;Stark,W.J.Direct synthesis of carbon quantum dots in aqueous polymer solution:One-pot reaction and preparation of transparent UV-blocking films.J.Mater.Chem.A 2017,5,5187-5194.
40Wang,Y.;Li,T.;Ma,P.M.;Bai,H.Y.;Xie,Y.;Chen,M.Q.;Dong,W.F.Simultaneous enhancements of UV-shielding properties and photostability of poly(vinyl alcohol)via incorporation of sepia eumelanin.ACS Sustain.Chem.Eng.2016,4,2252-2258.
41Fernandes,S.C.M.;Alonso-Varona,A.;Palomares,T.;Zubillaga,V.;Labidi,J.;Bulone,V.Exploiting mycosporines as natural molecular sunscreens for the fabrication of UV-absorbing green materials.ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces 2015,7,16558-16564.
42Rastogi,R.P.;Incharoensakdi,A.Analysis of UV-absorbing photoprotectant mycosporine-like amino acid(MAA)in the cyanobacterium Arthrospira sp.CU2556.Photochem.Photobiol.Sci.2014,13,1016-1024.
43Nguyen,K.H.;Chollet-Krugler,M.;Gouault,N.;Tomasi,S.UV-protectant metabolites from lichens and their symbiotic partners.Nat.Prod.Rep.2013,30,1490-1508.
44Cohen,S.;Kolitz-Domb,M.;Haham,H.;Gelber,C.;Margel,S.Engineering of UV-absorbing polypropylene films containing poly(2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methacryloxyethylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole)nanoparticles.Polym.Adv.Technol.2017,28,897-904.
45Qin,Q.;Hou,Z.C.;Lu,X.F.;Bian,X.K.;Chen,L.F.;Shen,L.G.;Wang,S.Microfiltration membranes prepared from poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride)synthesized by simultaneous irradiation.J.Membr.Sci.2013,427,303-310.
46Shin,I.H.;Hong,S.;Lim,S.J.;Son,Y.S.;Kim,T.H.Surface modification of PVDF membrane by radiation-induced graft polymerization for novel membrane bioreactor.J.Ind.Eng.Chem.2017,46,103-110.
2Otitoju,T.A.;Ahmad,A.L.;Ooi,B.S.Polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)membrane for oil rejection from oily wastewater:A performance review.J.Water.Process.Eng.2016,14,41-59.
3Rahimpour,A.;Madaeni,S,S.;Zereshki,S.;Mansourpanah,Y.Preparation and characterization of modified nano-porous PVDF membrane with high antifouling property using UV photo-grafting.Appl.Surf.Sci.2009,255,7455-7461.
4Zuo,J.H.;Cheng,P.;Chen,X.F.;Yan,X.;Guo,Y.J.;Lang,W.Z.Ultrahigh flux of polydopamine-coated PVDF membranes quenched in air via thermally induced phase separation for oil/water emulsion separation.Sep.Purif.Technol.2018,192,348-359.
5Wu,X.N.;Zhao,B.;Wang,L.;Zhang,Z.H.;Zhang,H.W.;Zhao,X.H.;Guo,X.F.Hydrophobic PVDF/graphene hybrid membrane for CO2 absorption in membrane contactor.J.Membr.Sci.2016,520,120-129.
6Ji,J.;Liu,F.;Awanis Hashim,N.;Moghareh Abed,M.R.;Li,K.Poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)membranes for fluid separation.Reac.Funct.Polym.2015,86,134-153.
7Zhao,C.Q.;Xu,X.C.;Chen,J.;Yang,F.L.Effect of graphene oxide concentration on the morphologies and antifouling properties of PVDF ultrafiltration membranes.J.Environ.Chem.Eng.2013,1,349-354.
8Chen,L.F.;Hou,Z.C.;Lu,X.F.;Chen,P.;Liu,Z.Y.;Shen,L.G.;Bian,X.K.;Qin,Q.Antifouling microfiltration membranes prepared from poly(vinylidene fluoride)-graft-poly(Nvinyl pyrrolidone)powders synthesized via pre-irradiation induced graft polymerization.J.Appl.Polym.Sci.2013,128,3949-3956.
9Zhu,Z.Y.;Jiang,J.L.;Wang,X.D.;Huo,X.N.;Xu,Y.W.;Li,Q.Q.;Wang,L.Improving the hydrophilic and antifouling properties of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane by incorporation of novel nanohybrid GO@SiO2 particles.Chem.Eng.J.2017,314,266-276.
10Wu,C.R.;Tang,W.Y.;Zhang,J.H.;Liu,S.H.;Wang,Z.Y.;Wang,X.;Lu,X.L.Preparation of super-hydrophobic PVDF membrane for MD purpose via hydroxyl induced crystallization-phase inversion.J.Membr.Sci.2017,543,288-300.
11Yang,C.;Li,X.M.;Gilron,J.;Kong,D.F.;Yin,Y.;Oren,Y.;Linder,C.;He,T.CF4 plasma-modified superhydrophobic PVDF membranes for direct contact membrane distillation.J.Membr.Sci.2014,456,155-161.
12Chen,X.;He,Y.;Shi,C.C.;Fu,W.G.;Bi,S.Y.;Wang,Z.Y.;Chen,L.Temperature-and pH-responsive membranes based on poly(vinylidene fluoride)functionalized with microgels.J.Membr.Sci.2014,469,447-457.
13Sun,C.G.;Feng,X.S.Enhancing the performance of PVDF membranes by hydrophilic surface modification via amine treatment.Sep.Purif.Technol.2017,185,94-102.
14Cai,T.;Neoh,K.G.;Kang,E.T.Surface-functionalized and surface-functionalizable poly(vinylidene fluoride)graft copolymer membranes via click chemistry and atom transfer radical polymerization.Langmuir 2011,27,2936-2945.
15Xu,L.Q.;Chen,J.C.;Wang,R.;Neoh,K.G.;Kang,E.T.;Fu,G.D.A poly(vinylidene fluoride)-graft-poly(dopamine acrylamide)copolymer for surface functionalizable membranes.RSC Adv.2013,3,25204-25214.
16Xu,C.Q.;Huang,W.;Zhou,Y.F.;Yan,D.Y.;Chen,S.T.;Huang,H.Graft copolymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidoneonto pre-irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride)powder.Radiat.Phys.Chem.2012,81,426-431.
17Zhao,X.Z.;Xuan,H.X.;Qin,A.W.;Liu,D.P.;He,C.J.Improved antifouling property of PVDF ultrafiltration membrane with plasma treated PVDF powder.RSC Adv.2015,5,64526-64533.
18Liu,J.;Shen,X.;Zhao,Y.P.;Chen,L.Acryloylmorpholinegrafted PVDF membrane with improved protein fouling resistance.Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.2013,52,18392-18400.
19Dong,L.;Liu,X.D.;Xiong,Z.R.;Sheng,D.K.;Zhou,Y.;Lin,C.H.;Yang,Y.M.Design of UV-absorbing PVDF membrane via surface-initiated AGET ATRP.Appl.Surf.Sci.2018,435,680-686.
20Dong,L.;Liu,X.D.;Xiong,Z.R.;Sheng,D.K.;Lin,C.H.;Zhou,Y.;Yang,Y.M.Fabrication of highly efficient ultraviolet absorbing PVDF membranes via surface polydopamine deposition.J.Appl.Polym.Sci.2018,135,45746.
21Wang,G.R.;Xu,S.M.;Xia,C.H.;Yan,D.P.;Lin,Y.J.;Wei,M.Fabrication of host-guest UV-blocking materials by intercalation of fluorescent anions into layered double hydroxides.RSC Adv.2015,5,23708-23714.
22Cohen,S.;Haham,H.;Pellach,M.;Margel,S.Design of UV absorbing polypropylene films with polymeric benzotriaziole based nano-and microparticle coatings.ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces 2016,9,868-875.
23Hattori,H.;Ide,Y.;Sano,T.Microporous titanate nanofibers for highly efficient UV-protective transparent coating.J.Mater.Chem.A 2014,2,16381-16388.
24Kainulainen,T.P.;Sirvi,J.A.;Sethi,J.;Hukka,T.I.;Heiskanen,J.P.UV-blocking synthetic biopolymer from biomass-based bifuran diester and ethylene glycol.Macromolecules 2018,51,1822-1829.
25Lizundia,E.;Ruiz-Rubio,L.;Vilas,J.L.;León,L.M.Poly(Llactide)/ZnO nanocomposites as efficient UV-shielding coatings for packaging applications.J.Appl.Polym.Sci.2016,133,42426.
26Feng,Y.;Zhang,J.M.;He,J.S.;Zhang,J.Transparent cellulose/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites with enhanced UV-shielding properties.Carbohyd.Polym.2016,147,171-177.
27Ge,F.J.;Ding,Y.Y.;Yang,L.;Huang,Y.;Jiang,L.;Dan,Y.Effect of the content and distribution of ultraviolet absorbing groups on the UV protection and degradation of polylactide films.RSC Adv.2015,5,70473-70481.
28Du,J.Z.;Sun,H.Polymer/TiO2 hybrid vesicles for excellent UV screening and effective encapsulation of antioxidant agents.ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces 2014,6,13535-13541.
29Senatova,S.I.;Senatov,F.S.;Kuznetsov,D.V.;Stepashkin,A.A.;Issi,J.P.Effect of UV-radiation on structure and properties of PP nanocomposites.J.Alloy.Compd.2017,707,304-309.
30Woo,H.;Char,K.Transparent organosilicate hybrid films with thermally insulating and UV-blocking properties based on silica/titania hybrid hollow colloidal shells.Macromol.Res.2013,21,1004-1010.
31Aguirre,M.;Paulis,M.;Leiza,J.R.UV screening clear coats based on encapsulated CeO2 hybrid latexes.J.Mater.Chem.A 2013,1,3155-3162.
32Zhao,Y.;Xu,Z.G.;Wang,X.G.;Lin,T.Superhydrophobic and UV-blocking cotton fabrics prepared by layer-by-layer assembly of organic UV absorber intercalated layered double hydroxides.Appl.Surf.Sci.2013,286,364-370.
33Zhang,Y.;Han,J.R.;Wu,S.Y.;Qi,Z.G.;Xu,J.;Guo,B.H. Synthesis,physical properties and photodegradation of functional poly(butylene succinate)covalently linking UV stabilizing moieties in molecular chains.Colloid.Surf.A 2017,524,160-168.
34Lei,H.B.;He,D.L.;Guo,Y.N.;Tang,Y.N.;Huang,H.Q.Synthesis and characterization of UV-absorbing fluorine-silicone acrylic resin polymer.Appl.Surf.Sci.2018,442,71-77.
35Dong,L.;Liu,X.D.;Xiong,Z.R.;Sheng,D.K.;Lin,C.H.;Zhou,Y.;Yang,Y.M.Preparation and characterization of functional poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)membranes with ultraviolet-absorbing property.Appl.Surf.Sci.2018,444,497-504.
36Wang,Y.;Su,J.;Li,T.;Ma,P.M.;Bai,H.Y.;Xie,Y.;Chen,M.Q.;Dong,W.F.A novel UV-shielding and transparent polymer film:When bioinspired dopamine-melanin hollow nanoparticles join polymers.ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces 2017,9,36281-36289.
37de Moraes,A.C.M.;Andrade,P.F.;de Faria,A.F.;Sim?es,M.B.;Salom?o,F.C.C.S.;Barros,E.B.;Goncalves,M.C.;Alves,O.L.Fabrication of transparent and ultraviolet shielding composite films based on graphene oxide and cellulose acetate.Carbohyd.Polym.2015,123,217-227.
38Wang,X.L.;Zhou,S.X.;Wu,L.M.Fabrication of Fe3+doped Mg/Al layered double hydroxides and their application in UV light-shielding coatings.J.Mater.Chem.C 2014,2,5752-5758.
39Hess,S.C.;Permatasari,F.A.;Fukazawa,H.;Schneider,E.M.;Balgis,R.;Ogi,T.;Okuyama,K.;Stark,W.J.Direct synthesis of carbon quantum dots in aqueous polymer solution:One-pot reaction and preparation of transparent UV-blocking films.J.Mater.Chem.A 2017,5,5187-5194.
40Wang,Y.;Li,T.;Ma,P.M.;Bai,H.Y.;Xie,Y.;Chen,M.Q.;Dong,W.F.Simultaneous enhancements of UV-shielding properties and photostability of poly(vinyl alcohol)via incorporation of sepia eumelanin.ACS Sustain.Chem.Eng.2016,4,2252-2258.
41Fernandes,S.C.M.;Alonso-Varona,A.;Palomares,T.;Zubillaga,V.;Labidi,J.;Bulone,V.Exploiting mycosporines as natural molecular sunscreens for the fabrication of UV-absorbing green materials.ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces 2015,7,16558-16564.
42Rastogi,R.P.;Incharoensakdi,A.Analysis of UV-absorbing photoprotectant mycosporine-like amino acid(MAA)in the cyanobacterium Arthrospira sp.CU2556.Photochem.Photobiol.Sci.2014,13,1016-1024.
43Nguyen,K.H.;Chollet-Krugler,M.;Gouault,N.;Tomasi,S.UV-protectant metabolites from lichens and their symbiotic partners.Nat.Prod.Rep.2013,30,1490-1508.
44Cohen,S.;Kolitz-Domb,M.;Haham,H.;Gelber,C.;Margel,S.Engineering of UV-absorbing polypropylene films containing poly(2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methacryloxyethylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole)nanoparticles.Polym.Adv.Technol.2017,28,897-904.
45Qin,Q.;Hou,Z.C.;Lu,X.F.;Bian,X.K.;Chen,L.F.;Shen,L.G.;Wang,S.Microfiltration membranes prepared from poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride)synthesized by simultaneous irradiation.J.Membr.Sci.2013,427,303-310.
46Shin,I.H.;Hong,S.;Lim,S.J.;Son,Y.S.;Kim,T.H.Surface modification of PVDF membrane by radiation-induced graft polymerization for novel membrane bioreactor.J.Ind.Eng.Chem.2017,46,103-110.