基于SAR理论的内装工业化体系研究
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摘要
改革开放40年来,住宅产业取得了举世瞩目的成就,但长期粗放型的生产方式导致城市住宅寿命短、质量差,建设效率低,环境污染严重,严重浪费了社会财富和能源资源,必须发展住宅工业化、推进装配式住宅建设,进行住宅产业的转型升级。内装工业化是装配式住宅的重要组成部分,是解决我国住宅建设问题的现实需要,但我国长期对内装工业化重视不足,需要从理论和技术上对内装工业化进行研究,形成内装工业化体系。本文首先在背景研究的基础上,从SAR理论中得到启示,启发了建立内装工业化体系研究思路;其次,通过对SAR系列理论进行系统地研究和梳理,明确了其核心概念和特点,即SAR理论通过等级分明的系统,将人居环境划分为若干层级,对应不同主体,并进行区别对待从而实现住宅的耐久性和可变性,随着时代发展展现出很强的适应性。以此为出发点提出理论假设,初步建立了工业化生产、支撑体和填充体分离、维护和更新、可变性、社会可持续5项内装工业化体系的假设与研究构架;第三,在理论研究的基础上,通过入户实态调研和建设方式追踪调研,对假设与研究构架进行了验证,并通过分析建造方式5大方面的问题、使用中反映出的4大方面的问题以及改造更新的意愿和限制因素,为提出解决技术奠定了基础;第四,在理论研究和现实研究的基础上,以各国先进经验为技术依据,根据我国的国情进行比较研究和方案论证,建立了侧重于总体性和设计方面的11个方面的技术原则,以及侧重于具体实施方法的29项关键技术点,得出内装工业化体系技术指南;最后,经过应用的尝试和调研验证,证实了本文建立的内装工业化体系具有合理性和可实现性,有进行推广的价值,并对下一步的工作进行了展望。本文以SAR理论为出发点,以我国的现实国情和既有住宅的问题点为现实依据,以国内外先进理论和实践为技术依据,通过实态调研、对比研究、后评估研究等研究方法,建立高品质、可持续、可灵活应对住户需求和时代发展趋势的内装工业化体系,并研究建立技术指南,从而指导住宅设计和建造,以提高住宅建设质量和效率、解决我国住宅建设和使用中的各种问题、推动住宅建设方式从传统方式到工业化方式的转变、促进住宅产业的可持续发展。
Since the reform and opening up, housing industry has made remarkable achievements in China. But because of the rough traditional construction method, residential buildings have problems of short life and poor quality. What's more, it coursed inefficient construction, serious environmental pollution, and huge waste of the economic and energy resources. Therefore, it is a must to develop housing industrialization system and promote prefabricated house industry. Industrialized Infill System is an important part of housing industrialization system and shows a solution for housing construction problems. Thus, to do theoretical and technical researches of infill and formulate the Industrialized Infill System is very important.Firstly, inspired by SAR theory, this paper established the preparatory ideas of industrialization system. Secondly, based on theory researches and case studies, this paper makes clear the core concepts and features of SAR theory. It organized the process of designing and building on environmental levels, which corresponding different subjects, to realize the durability and variability of housing. Based on SAR theory, the research set up the framework and hypothesis that include 5 important principles(industrialization, infill separated from support, maintenance and replacement, variability, social sustainability). Thirdly, through existing housing survey and follow-up investigation of infill construction, the paper finds 5 problems in construction aspect, 4 problems in using aspects, the wills of reform and replacement and the limiting factors, which not only certified the framework and hypothesis, but also built a basis to form the technical system. Fourthly, by compare research and argumentation based on the theoretical and realistic basis, the paper built technical guidelines of Industrialized Infill System which contains 11 technical principles and 29 Key technical points. The last part of research is application(through designing) and verification(through survey of experimental housing) of the system. The paper also Looking ahead for work in the future.Started from SAR theory, according to factual conditions in our country, based on the key problems in housing built through the rough traditional construction method, learned from advanced experience, this paper establish the Industrialized Infill System that aims to high quality, sustainability, flexibility of housing industry and aims to built houses adapt to diversity and changeable needs of the users, and establish technical guidelines to guide the design and construction of housing, in order to improve the quality and efficiency of housing construction, to solve the problems of building and using stages, to promote the housing industry from a rough traditional way to an industrialized and sustainable way.
Since the reform and opening up, housing industry has made remarkable achievements in China. But because of the rough traditional construction method, residential buildings have problems of short life and poor quality. What's more, it coursed inefficient construction, serious environmental pollution, and huge waste of the economic and energy resources. Therefore, it is a must to develop housing industrialization system and promote prefabricated house industry. Industrialized Infill System is an important part of housing industrialization system and shows a solution for housing construction problems. Thus, to do theoretical and technical researches of infill and formulate the Industrialized Infill System is very important.Firstly, inspired by SAR theory, this paper established the preparatory ideas of industrialization system. Secondly, based on theory researches and case studies, this paper makes clear the core concepts and features of SAR theory. It organized the process of designing and building on environmental levels, which corresponding different subjects, to realize the durability and variability of housing. Based on SAR theory, the research set up the framework and hypothesis that include 5 important principles(industrialization, infill separated from support, maintenance and replacement, variability, social sustainability). Thirdly, through existing housing survey and follow-up investigation of infill construction, the paper finds 5 problems in construction aspect, 4 problems in using aspects, the wills of reform and replacement and the limiting factors, which not only certified the framework and hypothesis, but also built a basis to form the technical system. Fourthly, by compare research and argumentation based on the theoretical and realistic basis, the paper built technical guidelines of Industrialized Infill System which contains 11 technical principles and 29 Key technical points. The last part of research is application(through designing) and verification(through survey of experimental housing) of the system. The paper also Looking ahead for work in the future.Started from SAR theory, according to factual conditions in our country, based on the key problems in housing built through the rough traditional construction method, learned from advanced experience, this paper establish the Industrialized Infill System that aims to high quality, sustainability, flexibility of housing industry and aims to built houses adapt to diversity and changeable needs of the users, and establish technical guidelines to guide the design and construction of housing, in order to improve the quality and efficiency of housing construction, to solve the problems of building and using stages, to promote the housing industry from a rough traditional way to an industrialized and sustainable way.
引文
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